Translation procedures
•Download as PPT, PDF•
19 likes•19,905 views
- The document discusses various translation techniques and procedures such as direct translation, oblique translation, borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, adaptation, etc. - It provides examples to illustrate techniques like shift/transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, and combined procedures. - Cultural words or expressions from one language may be translated using techniques like transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, or functional equivalent.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Non equivalene
This document discusses problems that can occur with non-equivalence at the word level when translating between languages and strategies that can be used to deal with these problems. Some common problems identified are culture-specific concepts, words with complex semantics, and differences in meaning distinctions between languages. Strategies proposed to address non-equivalence include using more general words, neutral terms, cultural substitutions, loan words, and various types of paraphrasing.
Translation Errors Powerpoint
This document provides a summary of common translation errors in 3 categories: linguistic errors, comprehension errors, and translation errors. It defines each type of error and provides examples. Linguistic errors include incorrect word forms, grammar, syntax, usage, style, register, and false cognates. Comprehension errors involve misunderstanding the source text or ambiguity. Translation errors include mistranslation, omission, inconsistent terminology, overly free translation, literal translation, and indecision. The document also discusses formatting errors such as incomplete passages, illegible text, incorrect punctuation, improper diacritical marks, spelling errors, and incorrect case.
Equivalence in translation.final
Dành cho những bạn sinh viên chuyên ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh, đang học môn Lý thuyết dịch nha
Translation Assessment tham khao mon Lý thuyết dịch
Dành cho sv ngôn ngữ Anh đang học môn Lý thuyết dịch
Unit 3 translation methods
The document summarizes different translation methods from literal to free, including word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, idiomatic translation, and adaptation. It provides examples and explanations of when each translation method would be used, such as word-for-word translation for general information about the source language or literal translation for pre-translation work.
Methods Of Translation
There are eight types of translation: word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, adaptive, free, idiomatic, and communicative. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original while preserving grammatical and lexical deviations. Communicative translation renders the exact contextual meaning in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target readership.
Problems with non equivalence at word level
The document discusses problems of equivalence at the word level when translating between languages. It identifies 11 common problems including culture-specific concepts, words with no direct translation, semantic complexity, different distinctions in meaning, lack of superordinates or specific terms, and differences in frequency or purpose of forms. It then outlines 8 strategies for dealing with non-equivalence, such as using more general, neutral, or paraphrased words, loan words with explanation, translation by omission or illustration.
Recommended
Non equivalene
This document discusses problems that can occur with non-equivalence at the word level when translating between languages and strategies that can be used to deal with these problems. Some common problems identified are culture-specific concepts, words with complex semantics, and differences in meaning distinctions between languages. Strategies proposed to address non-equivalence include using more general words, neutral terms, cultural substitutions, loan words, and various types of paraphrasing.
Translation Errors Powerpoint
This document provides a summary of common translation errors in 3 categories: linguistic errors, comprehension errors, and translation errors. It defines each type of error and provides examples. Linguistic errors include incorrect word forms, grammar, syntax, usage, style, register, and false cognates. Comprehension errors involve misunderstanding the source text or ambiguity. Translation errors include mistranslation, omission, inconsistent terminology, overly free translation, literal translation, and indecision. The document also discusses formatting errors such as incomplete passages, illegible text, incorrect punctuation, improper diacritical marks, spelling errors, and incorrect case.
Equivalence in translation.final
Dành cho những bạn sinh viên chuyên ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh, đang học môn Lý thuyết dịch nha
Translation Assessment tham khao mon Lý thuyết dịch
Dành cho sv ngôn ngữ Anh đang học môn Lý thuyết dịch
Unit 3 translation methods
The document summarizes different translation methods from literal to free, including word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, idiomatic translation, and adaptation. It provides examples and explanations of when each translation method would be used, such as word-for-word translation for general information about the source language or literal translation for pre-translation work.
Methods Of Translation
There are eight types of translation: word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, adaptive, free, idiomatic, and communicative. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original while preserving grammatical and lexical deviations. Communicative translation renders the exact contextual meaning in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target readership.
Problems with non equivalence at word level
The document discusses problems of equivalence at the word level when translating between languages. It identifies 11 common problems including culture-specific concepts, words with no direct translation, semantic complexity, different distinctions in meaning, lack of superordinates or specific terms, and differences in frequency or purpose of forms. It then outlines 8 strategies for dealing with non-equivalence, such as using more general, neutral, or paraphrased words, loan words with explanation, translation by omission or illustration.
Đề và đáp án Linguistic 2
The document discusses several linguistic concepts related to word meaning:
- Polysemy refers to words that have multiple related meanings.
- Homonymy refers to words that are spelled/pronounced the same but have different unrelated meanings.
- Homophony refers to words that are pronounced the same but spelled differently and have different meanings.
- Homography refers to words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently and have different meanings.
- Hyponymy refers to the hierarchical relationship between a general term (hypernym) and more specific terms (hyponyms).
- Synonyms are words that have similar or the same meanings. True synonyms can always replace each other, while partial synonyms only
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn nguồn tài liệu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu các bạn muốn tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0932.091.562 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
Semantics
Here are the answers to the exercise:
1. (See above)
2. The (a) and (b) words are [+human].
The (a) words are [+female].
The (b) words are [+male].
3. The (a) and (b) words are [+animate].
The (a) words are [+human].
The (b) words are [+male animal].
4. The (a) and (b) words are [+concrete].
The (a) words are [+object].
The (b) words are [+liquid].
Figures of speech (Semantics)
The document discusses denotation and connotation of words. It defines denotation as the core or dictionary meaning of a word, while connotation refers to the additional meanings and associations a word can have beyond its denotative meaning. These associations can be positive or negative depending on cultural and personal factors. Examples are provided to illustrate how the same words like "child" and "woman" can have different connotations in different contexts. The document also distinguishes between denotation and connotation, literal and figurative meanings of words, and different types of figures of speech like simile, metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche.
Unit 3 - Reference and Sense
The document discusses the triangle of reference and the relationship between sense and reference in language. [1] It explains that the triangle of reference describes how words suggest ideas in the mind that relate to real-world objects. [2] It then discusses the difference between sense, which deals with relationships within language, and reference, which deals with relationships between language and the world. [3] It provides examples of how expressions can have variable or constant reference and how the same sense can belong to expressions in different languages.
Semantics p2
This document provides examples and exercises for analyzing semantic features of words. It begins by giving groups of words and having the reader identify shared and distinguishing semantic features between the groups. Some examples of semantic features identified are [+edible], [+shellfish], [+human], and [+abstract notion]. The document then provides words and asks the reader to identify their individual semantic features. It concludes with exercises that have the reader organize words into semantic fields, identify references versus senses, interpret figurative language, and fill in lexical gaps.
Unit 4 - Referring Expressions
The document introduces the concept of referring expressions and discusses how some expressions can be used to refer to objects or people depending on the context, while others can never be used to refer. It also defines opaque contexts as parts of sentences where substituting co-referential expressions can change the meaning, and equative sentences as those used to assert the identity of two referring expressions.
Semantic exercise
This document appears to be a mini-test covering semantic concepts. It includes 8 multiple choice or short answer questions testing knowledge of topics like co-hyponyms, sense relations, semantic properties, figures of speech, and analytic/synthetic/contradictory statements. The test asks the student to identify true/false statements, shared semantic features of word groups, semantic properties of individual words, sense relations between word pairs, homophones/homographs/homonyms in sentences, figures of speech used in sentences, and whether given statements are analytic, synthetic or contradictory.
Translation methods
translation methods based on how close they are to source and to the target language. it has examples from Spanish to English and from English to Spanish.
Translation procedures
This document discusses translation procedures, which are methods applied by translators to formulate equivalences when transferring meaning from the source text to the target text for sentences and smaller language units. It outlines 22 translation procedures proposed by translation scholars, including loan, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, and omission. The procedures involve operations such as transferring terms, changing grammar categories, using synonyms, and modifying word order between the source and target languages.
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
The document discusses the key concepts of utterance, sentence, and proposition in semantics. It defines an utterance as a physical act of saying by a speaker on a particular occasion. A sentence is an abstract linguistic object composed of words arranged according to grammatical rules. A proposition is the aspect of a declarative sentence's meaning that describes a state of affairs in the world that can be true or false. Propositions are central to semantics as the meanings of sentences involve propositions.
Unit 11 Sense Relations (2)
This document discusses different types of sense relations, including antonymy and contradictoriness. It defines four types of antonymy:
1) Binary antonymy, where predicates come in pairs that exhaust all relevant possibilities.
2) Converses, where predicates describe relationships in opposite orders.
3) Multiple incompatibles, where terms in a system are mutually incompatible.
4) Gradable antonymy, where predicates are at opposite ends of a continuous scale.
It also discusses contradictoriness between sentences. The document examines ambiguity, distinguishing between homonymy, polysemy, and vague words. It describes lexical and structural ambiguity in sentences.
The process of translating
The Process of Translating is operational. First we choose the approach to translate, then we always keep in mind the different levels: textual, cohesive, referential and naturlaness.
Morphology by To Minh Thanh
This document provides an introduction to morphemes in English. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful unit in a language. Morphemes can be classified as free or bound, and as bases (roots) or affixes. Morphemes may have variations called allomorphs, which are selected based on phonological rules. The document discusses different types of allomorphs and provides exercises for students to practice identifying morphemes and their variations in English words.
Type of Meaning (Semantics)
This document discusses various types of meanings that words can have, including denotation, connotation, primary meaning, secondary meaning, literal meaning, and figurative meaning. It provides definitions and examples of each. Specifically, it defines denotation as the core meaning found in a dictionary, while connotation refers to additional meanings and associations beyond the denotative meaning. Primary meaning is the first meaning that comes to mind for a word, while secondary meanings are more context-dependent. Literal meaning is the basic or usual meaning, whereas figurative meaning uses words in a non-literal way like in metaphors or similes.
Translation by omission
Translation by omission refers to omitting parts of the source text that are not essential to conveying the overall meaning when translating into another language. Examples provided show omitting words like "a tailor", "its", "by", "who", and "it" when translating from English to Vietnamese as their meanings are implied or the sentences remain clear and natural without them in the target language. Omitting unnecessary words allows for more fluent translations.
Sense and reference
This document discusses reference and sense as two aspects of semantics. Reference deals with the relationship between language and the real world, referring to things that exist. Sense deals with relationships within language itself and does not refer to anything in the real world. While an expression can have only one reference, it can have multiple senses. The sense of an expression is its meaning and place within the semantic system of a language. Reference and sense are related but different - an expression has meaning (sense) but not necessarily a reference, and two expressions can have the same referent but different senses.
Types of Presupposition
This document discusses the different types of presuppositions in language. There are six main types: existential presuppositions which assume the existence of entities referred to; factive presuppositions which assume something is true due to verbs like "know"; non-factive presuppositions which assume something is not true due to verbs like "dream"; lexical presuppositions which assume another meaning will be understood from a word; structural presuppositions from structures like wh-questions; and counterfactual presuppositions which assume what is stated is untrue or contrary to facts. Examples are provided for each type of presupposition.
Theory of translation
This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
Translation Types
The document defines and describes various types of translation including:
- Oral and written translation which can be done consecutively or simultaneously
- Computer-assisted translation which uses computer programs to aid the human translation process
- Machine translation which uses computer programs to translate without human intervention
It also discusses different types of translation based on factors like the unit, aim, tasks/objectives, and number of translators involved. Some translation types discussed include: literal, idiomatic, committee, common language, dynamic, and thought-for-thought translations.
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS.pptx
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis including cohesion, which examines the grammatical and lexical relationships between elements of text; coherence, which focuses on how a text makes sense through organization and clarity; and conversational analysis, which looks at turn-taking and cooperation between speakers. It also covers speech events, implicatures, schemas/scripts, and other linguistic concepts used to interpret larger units of language.
Syntagmatic Competencies Vs Paradigmatic Competencies J Ul 2004 Ccnn
In this presentation we show some students' mistakes in order to show that they basically fail due to incompetent syntagmatic competencies rather than grammatical inaccuracies. They are not able to understand the relationship between words, by just learning grammar rules.
More Related Content
What's hot
Đề và đáp án Linguistic 2
The document discusses several linguistic concepts related to word meaning:
- Polysemy refers to words that have multiple related meanings.
- Homonymy refers to words that are spelled/pronounced the same but have different unrelated meanings.
- Homophony refers to words that are pronounced the same but spelled differently and have different meanings.
- Homography refers to words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently and have different meanings.
- Hyponymy refers to the hierarchical relationship between a general term (hypernym) and more specific terms (hyponyms).
- Synonyms are words that have similar or the same meanings. True synonyms can always replace each other, while partial synonyms only
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn nguồn tài liệu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu các bạn muốn tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0932.091.562 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
Semantics
Here are the answers to the exercise:
1. (See above)
2. The (a) and (b) words are [+human].
The (a) words are [+female].
The (b) words are [+male].
3. The (a) and (b) words are [+animate].
The (a) words are [+human].
The (b) words are [+male animal].
4. The (a) and (b) words are [+concrete].
The (a) words are [+object].
The (b) words are [+liquid].
Figures of speech (Semantics)
The document discusses denotation and connotation of words. It defines denotation as the core or dictionary meaning of a word, while connotation refers to the additional meanings and associations a word can have beyond its denotative meaning. These associations can be positive or negative depending on cultural and personal factors. Examples are provided to illustrate how the same words like "child" and "woman" can have different connotations in different contexts. The document also distinguishes between denotation and connotation, literal and figurative meanings of words, and different types of figures of speech like simile, metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche.
Unit 3 - Reference and Sense
The document discusses the triangle of reference and the relationship between sense and reference in language. [1] It explains that the triangle of reference describes how words suggest ideas in the mind that relate to real-world objects. [2] It then discusses the difference between sense, which deals with relationships within language, and reference, which deals with relationships between language and the world. [3] It provides examples of how expressions can have variable or constant reference and how the same sense can belong to expressions in different languages.
Semantics p2
This document provides examples and exercises for analyzing semantic features of words. It begins by giving groups of words and having the reader identify shared and distinguishing semantic features between the groups. Some examples of semantic features identified are [+edible], [+shellfish], [+human], and [+abstract notion]. The document then provides words and asks the reader to identify their individual semantic features. It concludes with exercises that have the reader organize words into semantic fields, identify references versus senses, interpret figurative language, and fill in lexical gaps.
Unit 4 - Referring Expressions
The document introduces the concept of referring expressions and discusses how some expressions can be used to refer to objects or people depending on the context, while others can never be used to refer. It also defines opaque contexts as parts of sentences where substituting co-referential expressions can change the meaning, and equative sentences as those used to assert the identity of two referring expressions.
Semantic exercise
This document appears to be a mini-test covering semantic concepts. It includes 8 multiple choice or short answer questions testing knowledge of topics like co-hyponyms, sense relations, semantic properties, figures of speech, and analytic/synthetic/contradictory statements. The test asks the student to identify true/false statements, shared semantic features of word groups, semantic properties of individual words, sense relations between word pairs, homophones/homographs/homonyms in sentences, figures of speech used in sentences, and whether given statements are analytic, synthetic or contradictory.
Translation methods
translation methods based on how close they are to source and to the target language. it has examples from Spanish to English and from English to Spanish.
Translation procedures
This document discusses translation procedures, which are methods applied by translators to formulate equivalences when transferring meaning from the source text to the target text for sentences and smaller language units. It outlines 22 translation procedures proposed by translation scholars, including loan, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, and omission. The procedures involve operations such as transferring terms, changing grammar categories, using synonyms, and modifying word order between the source and target languages.
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
The document discusses the key concepts of utterance, sentence, and proposition in semantics. It defines an utterance as a physical act of saying by a speaker on a particular occasion. A sentence is an abstract linguistic object composed of words arranged according to grammatical rules. A proposition is the aspect of a declarative sentence's meaning that describes a state of affairs in the world that can be true or false. Propositions are central to semantics as the meanings of sentences involve propositions.
Unit 11 Sense Relations (2)
This document discusses different types of sense relations, including antonymy and contradictoriness. It defines four types of antonymy:
1) Binary antonymy, where predicates come in pairs that exhaust all relevant possibilities.
2) Converses, where predicates describe relationships in opposite orders.
3) Multiple incompatibles, where terms in a system are mutually incompatible.
4) Gradable antonymy, where predicates are at opposite ends of a continuous scale.
It also discusses contradictoriness between sentences. The document examines ambiguity, distinguishing between homonymy, polysemy, and vague words. It describes lexical and structural ambiguity in sentences.
The process of translating
The Process of Translating is operational. First we choose the approach to translate, then we always keep in mind the different levels: textual, cohesive, referential and naturlaness.
Morphology by To Minh Thanh
This document provides an introduction to morphemes in English. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful unit in a language. Morphemes can be classified as free or bound, and as bases (roots) or affixes. Morphemes may have variations called allomorphs, which are selected based on phonological rules. The document discusses different types of allomorphs and provides exercises for students to practice identifying morphemes and their variations in English words.
Type of Meaning (Semantics)
This document discusses various types of meanings that words can have, including denotation, connotation, primary meaning, secondary meaning, literal meaning, and figurative meaning. It provides definitions and examples of each. Specifically, it defines denotation as the core meaning found in a dictionary, while connotation refers to additional meanings and associations beyond the denotative meaning. Primary meaning is the first meaning that comes to mind for a word, while secondary meanings are more context-dependent. Literal meaning is the basic or usual meaning, whereas figurative meaning uses words in a non-literal way like in metaphors or similes.
Translation by omission
Translation by omission refers to omitting parts of the source text that are not essential to conveying the overall meaning when translating into another language. Examples provided show omitting words like "a tailor", "its", "by", "who", and "it" when translating from English to Vietnamese as their meanings are implied or the sentences remain clear and natural without them in the target language. Omitting unnecessary words allows for more fluent translations.
Sense and reference
This document discusses reference and sense as two aspects of semantics. Reference deals with the relationship between language and the real world, referring to things that exist. Sense deals with relationships within language itself and does not refer to anything in the real world. While an expression can have only one reference, it can have multiple senses. The sense of an expression is its meaning and place within the semantic system of a language. Reference and sense are related but different - an expression has meaning (sense) but not necessarily a reference, and two expressions can have the same referent but different senses.
Types of Presupposition
This document discusses the different types of presuppositions in language. There are six main types: existential presuppositions which assume the existence of entities referred to; factive presuppositions which assume something is true due to verbs like "know"; non-factive presuppositions which assume something is not true due to verbs like "dream"; lexical presuppositions which assume another meaning will be understood from a word; structural presuppositions from structures like wh-questions; and counterfactual presuppositions which assume what is stated is untrue or contrary to facts. Examples are provided for each type of presupposition.
Theory of translation
This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
Translation Types
The document defines and describes various types of translation including:
- Oral and written translation which can be done consecutively or simultaneously
- Computer-assisted translation which uses computer programs to aid the human translation process
- Machine translation which uses computer programs to translate without human intervention
It also discusses different types of translation based on factors like the unit, aim, tasks/objectives, and number of translators involved. Some translation types discussed include: literal, idiomatic, committee, common language, dynamic, and thought-for-thought translations.
What's hot (20)
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh
Danh Sách 200 Đề Tài Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh
Similar to Translation procedures
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS.pptx
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis including cohesion, which examines the grammatical and lexical relationships between elements of text; coherence, which focuses on how a text makes sense through organization and clarity; and conversational analysis, which looks at turn-taking and cooperation between speakers. It also covers speech events, implicatures, schemas/scripts, and other linguistic concepts used to interpret larger units of language.
Syntagmatic Competencies Vs Paradigmatic Competencies J Ul 2004 Ccnn
In this presentation we show some students' mistakes in order to show that they basically fail due to incompetent syntagmatic competencies rather than grammatical inaccuracies. They are not able to understand the relationship between words, by just learning grammar rules.
CONNECTED SPEECH
This document discusses several aspects of connected speech in English, including:
- Weak forms being pronounced more quickly and at a lower volume than stressed syllables.
- Assimilation processes like alveolar consonants becoming velar before velar consonants.
- Elision of consonants like /t/ and /d/ in consonant clusters.
- Linking processes that occur between words like intrusive /r/ and linking vowels with /j/ or /w/ to smooth transitions.
Ingles 2022
This document provides an English grammar manual with the following sections and information:
1) The first term covers topics like past continuous vs simple past, present perfect, how + adjective or adverb. It includes listening and reading exercises for each topic.
2) The second term covers topics like passive voice in present and past, first conditional, and quantifiers. Again, it includes listening and reading exercises.
3) The exam, classwork, homework, projects, and participation each account for a percentage of the final grade.
4) Sample exercises are provided to practice topics like too and enough, past continuous, and past simple. Model conversations and passages are used to demonstrate grammar points.
So
Discourse
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis including defining discourse, objects of discourse analysis, coherence and cohesion, reference and substitution, and implicature. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like cohesive ties, transition markers, and how background knowledge is needed to interpret implicatures in conversations. Grice's cooperative principle of conversation and its maxims of quality, quantity, relation and manner are also summarized.
Chapter 12.1.pptx
This document discusses language contact and its effects. It introduces different types of language contact such as colonization, trade, and globalization. The main outcomes of long-term language contact are language maintenance, language shift, language creation, and bilingualism. Factors like the length and intensity of contact, as well as power dynamics, influence which outcome occurs. Language shift happens when speakers abandon one language for another due to factors like migration, economic change, urbanization, and education policies.
Anhvan thay hai trung tam luyen thi dai hoc qsc-45 - part 2 - chapter 2 - u...
This document provides an explanation of the passive voice in English grammar. It begins by defining the passive voice and how it is used to emphasize the recipient of an action rather than the performer, or to avoid specifying the agent. It then provides the grammatical forms of the passive voice and examples of how to change sentences from active to passive voice. The document continues by explaining some special cases and exceptions to typical passive voice construction.
Translationtechniquespresentation 100625134542-phpapp02
The document discusses various translation procedures and techniques used in the technical component of the translation process. It describes translation as a problem-solving process involving interpreting the source text, using skills and resources to render the text in the target language while maintaining the intended meaning. It distinguishes between factual knowledge of languages and procedural knowledge of translation techniques. Direct translation techniques like literal translation are possible when languages share structures, while oblique techniques like transposition, modulation, and borrowing are needed when direct translation is not possible or idiomatic. The document provides examples of applying various translation techniques between English and Italian.
Voice
The document discusses the category of order in linguistics. It addresses the category of order, the problem of the perfect, and the perfective form and aspect. Specifically:
- The category of order represents temporal correlation between perfect and non-perfect verb forms. It builds its own category different from tense and aspect.
- There are three views on the problem of the perfect - as a tense, aspect, or specific category. Scholars have proposed terms like "the category of time relation" or "the category of order" to describe it.
- The perfective form is indifferent to aspect in English. It denotes the end of a bounded perfective process or the actual meaning is determined by context for verbs
The present continuous tense
The document provides information on present continuous tense and present simple tense. It discusses how present continuous is used to describe temporary actions happening around now while present simple describes general or repeated actions. It also lists verbs that can and cannot be used in continuous form, including state verbs versus action verbs. Examples are given to illustrate the different uses of present continuous and present simple.
Intermediated Writing Grammar Course Sessions 3+4+5+ Exam
The document provides information on adding emphasis and clarity in English sentences through various grammatical structures:
1) Cleft sentences using "it" or "what" can emphasize a specific subject or object.
2) Exceptional use of "do", "did", and "does" can emphasize something strongly felt.
3) Parallel structure and parallel form in sentences should maintain consistent grammatical construction.
Direct and indirect speech
This document provides information about a learning activity that teaches the difference between direct and indirect/reported speech. The activity includes concept notes explaining the key differences, such as direct speech using quotation marks while indirect speech does not. It also lists the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes. The activity also includes exercises for students to practice converting between direct and indirect speech.
Present simple
The document summarizes various verb tenses in English:
1) The present simple is used for habitual or repeated actions in the present, while the present progressive describes something happening now.
2) The past simple describes single or repeated events completed in the past.
3) Future simple has two forms, "will" and "be going to", which generally refer to a specific time in the future.
4) Present continuous emphasizes actions or states happening now, while past continuous describes unfinished past actions.
5) Future continuous also has two forms, "will be doing" and "be going to be doing", which are usually interchangeable to refer to future ongoing actions.
Intro to Trans 350 methods of translation
The document discusses different methods of translation, including literal and free translation. It describes literal translation as either word-for-word, one-to-one, or meaning-based translation while retaining the structure of the source language. Free translation focuses on conveying the overall message or spirit rather than strict word-for-word rendering, allowing looser interpretation. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
ENGLISH PORTFOLIO
The document discusses the capacities and competencies that Andres Cando, a student at the State Polytechnic University of Carchi, will have upon graduating with a degree in business administration and marketing. These include being able to manage businesses, guide companies, and start his own company as he is being taught to be an entrepreneur. Andres hopes to use these skills to help with the social and economic development of his province and country.
Protocolo wendy escalantechan
This document contains a research proposal submitted by Wendy Valeria Escalante Chan for translating an article from English to Spanish. The proposal provides background on the student, the working title of the translation project, and describes the project as applied linguistics research involving documentary analysis. The proposal explains that the article discusses frameworks for private sector engagement in building resilience to natural disasters. It expresses the relevance of translating the article given that the region lives in a hurricane zone. The objective is to accurately apply translation techniques and methods learned to produce an easily understood translation. The proposal outlines the translation process, references that will aid understanding, and importance of additional research.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides information on key concepts. It defines discourse analysis as the analysis of language beyond the sentence level, including analysis of text and conversation. It also discusses several basic ideas in discourse analysis such as text analysis, conversation analysis, cohesion, coherence, speech events, turn-taking, and the cooperative principle. The document provides examples and explanations of these concepts.
Discourse Analysis
The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis. It defines discourse as language beyond the sentence level, including texts and conversations. Discourse analysis studies language use and overlaps with pragmatics. It also discusses concepts like cohesion, coherence, implicatures, background knowledge, schemas and scripts. Cohesion refers to grammatical and lexical relationships between text elements. Coherence relates to how well different parts of a text fit together semantically.
Expotition
This document provides a detailed overview of adverbs, including:
1) Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and entire clauses. They express manner, place, time, frequency, degree and other elements.
2) Many adverbs end in "-ly" but some words without this ending also serve adverbial functions.
3) Adverbs have comparative and superlative forms to show degree, usually using "-er" and "-est" or "more" and "most".
4) Adverb phrases and clauses also serve adverbial functions and provide details like place and time.
Expotition
This document provides a detailed definition and overview of adverbs. It begins by defining adverbs as words that modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, determiners, noun phrases, clauses, or sentences. It explains that adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or certainty. The document then discusses different types of adverbs and their functions, including adverbs of manner, place, time, frequency, and purpose. It also covers the formation of comparative and superlative adverbs and special cases like too and enough.
Similar to Translation procedures (20)
Syntagmatic Competencies Vs Paradigmatic Competencies J Ul 2004 Ccnn
Syntagmatic Competencies Vs Paradigmatic Competencies J Ul 2004 Ccnn
Anhvan thay hai trung tam luyen thi dai hoc qsc-45 - part 2 - chapter 2 - u...
Anhvan thay hai trung tam luyen thi dai hoc qsc-45 - part 2 - chapter 2 - u...
Translationtechniquespresentation 100625134542-phpapp02
Translationtechniquespresentation 100625134542-phpapp02
Intermediated Writing Grammar Course Sessions 3+4+5+ Exam
Intermediated Writing Grammar Course Sessions 3+4+5+ Exam
Recently uploaded
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
How to use Azure API Management to expose backend service securely
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays, June 2024 with Maria Copot 20
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
dbms calicut university B. sc Cs 4th sem.pdf
Its a seminar ppt on database management system using sql
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
This case study explores designing a scalable e-commerce platform, covering key requirements, system components, and best practices.
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Recently uploaded (20)
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Deep Dive: Getting Funded with Jason Jason Lemkin Founder & CEO @ SaaStr
Deep Dive: Getting Funded with Jason Jason Lemkin Founder & CEO @ SaaStr