This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.

1. The Development, Typology, and Theories
Group Members:
Ardiansyah // Eka Uliyanti Bangun // Tetra Tianiafi

3. HISTORY & EARLY THEORY

4. THE NATURE OF
TRANSLATION

5. CURRENT ISSUES

6. BASIL HATIM1. Textual Product -> Discours Context
“Text” seen as “language in use” and “context” as “socio structure”
2. Skopos theory
It provides an insight into the nature of translation as a purposeful activity,
which is directly applicable to every translation project
3 Basic Types of Text
1. Informative text, which convey information
2. Expressive text which communicate thoughts in a creative way
3. Operative text which persuade
Translator Engagement in Interaction Schematic

7. FRANZ PONCHAKER
Translation/Interpretating
1. Discourse
2. Cognitive
3. Processing
4. Intercultural meditation
5. Ethics
6. Quality
7. Training
8. Technology
9. History
Interpretating Studies
= Linguistic + Sociological
= Cognitive + Social Science
= Quantitative + Qualitative

8. AMPARO HUTARDO ALBIR + FABIO ALVES
6 Chronological Models
1. Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT)
2. Bell’s Linguistic & Psycolinguistic Model
3. Kiraly’s socio-logical & Psycological Model
4. Wils’s decision making model
5. Gut on relevance Theory
6. Gile’s Effort Model 3 PHASES OF TRANSLATION/INTERPRETATING

9. DAVID KATAN

10. THEO HERMANS
Translator as re-enunciator
1. Responsibility
2. Accountability
3. Ethics

11. TONY HARTLEY
1. Machine Translation
2. Corpus Lingustics
3. Translation Memory System
4. Terminology
5. Controlled Language
Transformation in the commercial translation section
A. Pseudo Translation
B. Adequacy objective of Practice
C. Adequacy of Theory

12. DELIA CHIARO

13. DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION
The Concise
Oxford English
Dictionary
Translation n.
1.The Act or an instance of translating --- Process
2.A Written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, speech, etc.
In another language --- Product
The First of this senses
related to translation as a
process. Translation
encompases very distict
perspective.
An Incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different
ways.
For exemples, one may talk of translation as a process or a product, and
identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation,
subtitling
and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to
the
transfer or written texts, the term sometimes also interpreting.
Roman Jacobson
(Russian
Linguist)
Aspect of
Translation 1959
There are 3 kinds of translation of the verbal sign :
1.Intralingual Translation or Rewording is interpretation of verbal sign
by means of other sign of the same language.
2.Interlingual Translation = Translation Proper is interpretation of
verbal sign by means of other sign of the some other language.
3.Intersemiotic Translation = Transmutation is interpretation of verbal
sign by means of other sign of non verbal system.
James Holmes The difference between : Translation,Adaptation, Version
It talks of Translation as :
A Process : What happens in the act of translating the ST
A Product : Analusis of TT
A Function : How the TT operates in a particular context

14. Jakonbson categorized translation into three types:
1.Intralingual translation or rewarding is an interpretation of verbal
signs of other signs of the same language.
2.Intralingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation
of verbal signs by means of some other language
3.Intersemiotic translation of transmision is an interpretation of
verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal signs systems.
Typology of Jakobson (1959/2000)

15. Intralingual Translation

16. Interlingual Translation
A danish restaurant receives many international
guests and commissions a translator to translate its
Danish’s menu into English.

17. Stages of Translation Theory
The linguistic stage
(up to 1950’s)
Communicative stage,
(around 1950’s)
The functionalist
stage
(around 1970’s)
The ethical/aesthetic
stage (around 2000)
Munday in Munday
(ed) (2009): p 1-35

18. Baker (2006)
•Equivalence at word level
•Equivalence above word level
•Grammatical equivalence
•Textual equivalence
-Thematic & Information Structures
- Cohesion
•Pragmatic equivalence

19. Hatim and
Munday (2004)
•The unit of translation
•Translation shift
•The analysis of meaning
•Textual pragmatics and equivalence
•Translation and relevance

20. Munday (2008);
Newmark (1988).
SL emphasis
Word-for-word translation
Literal translation
Faithful translation
Semantic translation
TL emphasis
Adaptation
Free translation
Idiomatic translation
Communicative translation

21. References:
 Baker, M. (2006). In Other Words. A coursebook on translation. New York:
Routledge.
 Hatim, B and Munday, J. (2004). Translation. An advanced resource book. New
York: Routledge.
 Munday, J. (2008). Introducing translation studies. Theories and applications. 2nd
ed. New York: Routledge.
 Munday, J. (ed.). (2009). The routledge companion to translation studies. New
York: Routledge.
 Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
 Venuti, L. and Baker, M. (Eds.). (2000). The translation studies reader. London:
 Routledge & Kegan.
Thank You