The document discusses various translation methodology methods, levels, and techniques. It covers analyzing the source text, determining the intention of the text and translator, different reading approaches, and discourse analysis. It also describes translation on the word, literal, semantic, and communicative levels. Finally, it outlines specific translation techniques like amplification, reduction, modulation, and transposition.

1. Translation Methodology Methods, Levels and Techniques By Libardo Ospino Professional Translator September 2003

19. Approaches to translation and the texts The first approach Sentence by sentence Paragraph by paragraph Literary texts

20. Approaches to translation and the text The second approach Reading The whole text Translate chapter By chapter For Technical Or Institutional texts

23. THE TRANSLATION OF THE LEVELS The textual Level The referential Level The cohesive level The level of naturlness The Textual Level The grammar And The lexical units are translated In the situation Or context of The sentence The referential level Sentences of any text Technical,Literary or Institutional must be Read in the situation Or context of the text The cohesive level It follows both The structure And the moods of The text The level of Naturalness Makes sense Reads naturally It is written in Ordinary language That meet the Kind of situation

31. Literal Translation Usage (presentation process) Lexical words Grammatical Constructions Are converted to their nearest TL equivalents Are translated singly out of context It indicates the problems to be solved