1. HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH A PLANE WALL
β’ Let us consider a plane wall of homogeneous material through which heat
is flowing in x-direction.
β’ Let Q +x
L = thickness of the wall T0
A = cross-sectional area of the wall k
k = thermal conductivity of wall material T1
T0 , T1 = temperature maintained at surfaces 1 and 2. 1 2
L
k
2. β’ General heat conduction equation is:
π2 π
ππ₯2
+
π2 π
ππ¦2
+
π2 π
ππ§2
+
π
π
=
1
πΌ
.
ππ
ππ‘
β’ For one dimensional steady state system (
ππ
ππ‘
= 0)
β’ With no heat generation (
π
π
= 0)
β’ One dimensional flow (
π2 π
ππ¦2 =
π2 π
ππ§2 = 0)
β’ Then, heat equation will be
π2 π
ππ₯2 = 0 or
π2 π
ππ₯2 = 0
3. π2 π
ππ₯2
= 0
Integrating the above expression;
ππ
ππ₯
= πΆ1
Integrating it again;
T = C1.x + C2 β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦.. (1)
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.
4. β’ At x = 0; T = T0
β’ At x = L; T = T1
β’ From the expression derived above T = C1.x + C2
β’ At x = 0;
T0 = C1 (0)+ C2
C2 = T0
β’ At x = L;
T1 = C1 . L + T0
C1 = (T1 - T0 )/L
Eqn. 1 can be re-written as
T = (
π»πβπ»π
π³
) . π + T0
5. β’ Inference:
1. Temperature distribution across the wall is linear.
2. Temperature distribution is independent of k.
From Fourierβs Law, we have
Q = - k. A.
ππ
ππ₯
π
ππ₯
(
π1βπ0
πΏ
. π₯ + π0) =
π1βπ0
πΏ
Fourierβs Law can be re-written as
Q = k. A.(
π0βπ1
πΏ
)
6. β’ Another way of writing the Fourierβs Law is
Q =
π0βπ1
πΏ/ππ΄
Where L/kA = Thermal Resistance of heat conduction (Rth)cond.
(Rth)cond. = (L/kA)