Design of spectrophotometry
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•1,702 views
This document discusses spectrophotometry, which is a method to quantitatively analyze how much light of a particular wavelength is absorbed by a chemical substance. It describes the basic design of a spectrophotometer, which uses a light source, monochromator to separate wavelengths, and photodetector. There are two main types: single beam, which measures light intensity before and after the sample, and double beam, which splits light into a sample and reference beam. Spectrophotometry has applications in fields like chemistry, biochemistry, and medicine to determine unknown concentrations and properties of solutions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Phase contrast microscopy
The document discusses different light microscopy techniques including dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Dark field microscopy uses angled illumination to visualize objects that scatter light against a dark background. Phase contrast microscopy converts small phase changes in light passing through a specimen into visible intensity changes, allowing fine specimen details to be seen. Fluorescence microscopy takes advantage of specimens that are inherently fluorescent or can be labeled with fluorescent dyes. These techniques allow better visualization of transparent or unstained specimens compared to traditional bright field microscopy.
PHASE MICROSCOPY
This document discusses phase contrast microscopy. It begins by defining a microscope and microscopy. It then describes the main types of microscopes, including optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopes. It focuses on the light microscope, explaining that it uses visible light and is commonly used in biology to view structures like cells. It defines magnification and resolution. It describes the different modes of light microscopy - bright field, dark field, and phase contrast - and explains that phase contrast microscopy allows observation of living cells by enhancing contrast between structures with small refractive index differences. It notes that phase contrast microscopy was invented by Frits Zernike, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.
spectrophotometry and its types.pdf
Spectrophotometry uses light absorption measurements to quantify chemical substances. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed as it passes through a sample solution, with different compounds absorbing different wavelengths. A spectrophotometer directs light through the sample and measures the intensity of the transmitted light with a detector. It can analyze samples using UV, visible, or infrared light depending on the type of analysis needed. The amount of light absorbed follows the Beer-Lambert law and is directly proportional to concentration, allowing for quantitative analysis of substances. Spectrophotometry has many applications in fields like clinical diagnosis, drug analysis, and environmental monitoring.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength
Fluorescence Microscopy
This document summarizes fluorescence microscopy. It discusses how fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of reflection and absorption to study organic and inorganic substances. It describes how fluorescent dyes are used to stain cellular components, and how excitation light is absorbed by the dyes and emitted at a longer wavelength. The instrumentation of a fluorescence microscope includes fluorescent dyes, a light source, excitation and emission filters, and a dichromic mirror. Applications include identifying structures in biological samples and live cell imaging.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample. Early models took weeks for results and were only 25% accurate. In 1940, Arnold Beckman invented the first modern spectrophotometer, the Beckman DU, which provided results within minutes that were 99.99% accurate. A spectrophotometer uses a light source, dispersion devices like prisms or filters, sample cells, detectors, and a display. It is used to identify compounds and determine absorbance and transmission of light in chemistry.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is an instrument containing a monochromator, a device which produces a light beam containing wavelengths in a narrow band around a selected wavelength, and a means of measuring the ratio of that beam's intensity as it enters and leaves a cuvette 99 This describes a single-beam photometer.
Bright Field Microscopy.pptx
Bright-field microscopy, also known as light microscopy, is the simplest optical microscopy technique that uses light to produce a dark image against a bright background. It is the standard microscope used in biology and microbiology laboratories. Bright-field microscopy works by passing light through a specimen, which is differentially absorbed and refracted to produce a contrasting image. The microscope's objective lenses magnify the specimen's image, which is further magnified by the eyepiece for viewing. Magnification ranges from 40-1000x depending on the objective and 10x eyepiece lenses. Bright-field microscopy is used to study animal and plant cells, bacteria, and parasites.
Recommended
Phase contrast microscopy
The document discusses different light microscopy techniques including dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Dark field microscopy uses angled illumination to visualize objects that scatter light against a dark background. Phase contrast microscopy converts small phase changes in light passing through a specimen into visible intensity changes, allowing fine specimen details to be seen. Fluorescence microscopy takes advantage of specimens that are inherently fluorescent or can be labeled with fluorescent dyes. These techniques allow better visualization of transparent or unstained specimens compared to traditional bright field microscopy.
PHASE MICROSCOPY
This document discusses phase contrast microscopy. It begins by defining a microscope and microscopy. It then describes the main types of microscopes, including optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopes. It focuses on the light microscope, explaining that it uses visible light and is commonly used in biology to view structures like cells. It defines magnification and resolution. It describes the different modes of light microscopy - bright field, dark field, and phase contrast - and explains that phase contrast microscopy allows observation of living cells by enhancing contrast between structures with small refractive index differences. It notes that phase contrast microscopy was invented by Frits Zernike, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.
spectrophotometry and its types.pdf
Spectrophotometry uses light absorption measurements to quantify chemical substances. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed as it passes through a sample solution, with different compounds absorbing different wavelengths. A spectrophotometer directs light through the sample and measures the intensity of the transmitted light with a detector. It can analyze samples using UV, visible, or infrared light depending on the type of analysis needed. The amount of light absorbed follows the Beer-Lambert law and is directly proportional to concentration, allowing for quantitative analysis of substances. Spectrophotometry has many applications in fields like clinical diagnosis, drug analysis, and environmental monitoring.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength
Fluorescence Microscopy
This document summarizes fluorescence microscopy. It discusses how fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of reflection and absorption to study organic and inorganic substances. It describes how fluorescent dyes are used to stain cellular components, and how excitation light is absorbed by the dyes and emitted at a longer wavelength. The instrumentation of a fluorescence microscope includes fluorescent dyes, a light source, excitation and emission filters, and a dichromic mirror. Applications include identifying structures in biological samples and live cell imaging.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample. Early models took weeks for results and were only 25% accurate. In 1940, Arnold Beckman invented the first modern spectrophotometer, the Beckman DU, which provided results within minutes that were 99.99% accurate. A spectrophotometer uses a light source, dispersion devices like prisms or filters, sample cells, detectors, and a display. It is used to identify compounds and determine absorbance and transmission of light in chemistry.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is an instrument containing a monochromator, a device which produces a light beam containing wavelengths in a narrow band around a selected wavelength, and a means of measuring the ratio of that beam's intensity as it enters and leaves a cuvette 99 This describes a single-beam photometer.
Bright Field Microscopy.pptx
Bright-field microscopy, also known as light microscopy, is the simplest optical microscopy technique that uses light to produce a dark image against a bright background. It is the standard microscope used in biology and microbiology laboratories. Bright-field microscopy works by passing light through a specimen, which is differentially absorbed and refracted to produce a contrasting image. The microscope's objective lenses magnify the specimen's image, which is further magnified by the eyepiece for viewing. Magnification ranges from 40-1000x depending on the objective and 10x eyepiece lenses. Bright-field microscopy is used to study animal and plant cells, bacteria, and parasites.
Colorimetry kk
Colorimetry is a technique used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solution by measuring the absorbance of light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of the color produced is directly proportional to the concentration of the compound being measured. Modern colorimetry uses a photoelectric cell to measure light absorption, replacing the human eye, and provides a direct measure of light intensity. Colorimetry is used in analytical chemistry applications such as determining concentrations of compounds in clinical samples and in industrial quality control.
Fundamentals of Spectrophotometer
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of spectrophotometry. It discusses how spectrophotometers work by measuring the absorption of light as it passes through a sample. Key points include:
- Spectrophotometers measure the intensity of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths.
- Beer's law describes the relationship between light absorption and analyte concentration, path length, and absorptivity.
- The basic design of a spectrophotometer includes a light source, wavelength selector/monochromator to isolate wavelengths, and a detector to measure transmitted light intensity.
Fluorescence microscope
The document discusses fluorescence microscopy. It describes how fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and fluorophores to stain cellular components and structures, which are then excited by light and emit light of a longer wavelength, allowing their visualization. The key parts of a fluorescence microscope are described, including the light source, excitation and emission filters, and dichroic mirror. Applications include identifying structures in fixed and live samples, and advantages are its ability to specifically label proteins and track multiple molecules simultaneously.
Gas-liquid chromatography
This document discusses gas chromatography, including its principles, instrumentation, and applications. Gas chromatography is a process that separates components in a mixture using an inert gas as the mobile phase. There are two main types - gas-solid chromatography uses a gas mobile phase and solid stationary phase, while gas-liquid chromatography uses a gas mobile phase and liquid stationary phase coated on an inert solid support. Key components of a gas chromatography instrument include the carrier gas, sample injection port, columns, and detectors such as the flame ionization detector. Gas chromatography has applications in quality control and analysis of drugs and metabolites.
Colorimetry
Photometry is used to measure light intensity and is applied in techniques like colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and turbidometry. Colorimetry determines concentrations of colored compounds by measuring light absorbed at visible wavelengths. It follows Beer's and Lambert's laws - the amount of light absorbed increases exponentially with increasing concentration and path length. A colorimeter consists of a light source, monochromator/filters, sample holder, detector, and readout. It is used to estimate biochemical compounds in body fluids through color reactions.
colorimeter
A colorimeter is an instrument that measures the intensity of light to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solution. It works by passing light through sample solutions and measuring how much light is absorbed, based on Beer's Law. Key components include a light source, wavelength selector, sample holder, light detector, and readout device. Colorimeters are widely used in clinical and industrial settings to analyze biochemical, food, soil, and water samples colorimetrically.
Uv visible spectrophotometer
Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure light absorbance across the ultraviolet and visible ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. When incident light strikes matter it can either be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted. The absorbance of radiation in the UV-Vis range causes atomic excitation, which refers to the transition of molecules from a low-energy ground state to an excited state.
Confocal microscope presentation pt
Confocal microscopy provides high-resolution images with better contrast compared to widefield microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light. A laser excites fluorescence in the sample, which is detected through the pinhole to build up an image point-by-point. By collecting optical sections at different depths, confocal microscopy can generate 3D reconstructions and analyze thick samples without physical sectioning. It finds applications in cell and developmental biology.
UV Spectrophotometer.pptx
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the analyte quantity depending on the amount of light received by the analyte.
Spectrophoto meter
Spectrophotometry involves using a spectrophotometer to measure how much light is absorbed or transmitted by a sample at different wavelengths. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of known substances in solution. A spectrophotometer works by shining light through a sample and measuring the intensity of the transmitted light, then using Beer's Law to calculate absorbance from transmittance. Absorbance measurements at different concentrations can be used to generate a standard curve to determine the concentration of unknown samples. Spectrophotometers are versatile tools that are widely used in laboratory analysis across various industries.
SOILD SCINTILLATION COUNTER PPT.pptx
This document discusses solid scintillation counters. It provides background on radioactivity and how scintillation counters can detect and measure different types of radiation. A solid scintillation counter uses a scintillation crystal that produces light flashes when hit by radiation. These light flashes are converted to electrical pulses that can be analyzed electronically. Common scintillation crystals discussed are sodium iodide, zinc sulfide, and anthracene. The document outlines the basic instrumentation, working principle, applications and advantages of solid scintillation counters.
Spectrophotometry
The document discusses spectrophotometry and colorimetry techniques for measuring the concentration of compounds in mixtures. Spectrophotometry uses spectrophotometers to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs by wavelength, allowing quantification of substances that may not be colored themselves but can form colored complexes. Colorimetry similarly measures light absorption but uses only one wavelength, while spectrophotometry uses multiple wavelengths for more precise measurement. Both techniques rely on the principles that absorption is proportional to concentration and path length.
Fluorescence microscopy
The document discusses fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent proteins. It describes how fluorescence microscopy works using light sources like mercury lamps and filters to excite and detect fluorescence. Common fluorescent proteins discussed include GFP, DsRed, and their variants. GFP derives its fluorescence from internal cyclization reactions forming a chromophore, and it and its variants are widely used as biological markers and reporters of gene expression. DsRed fluorescence comes from similar reactions and it and its variants emit light across the visible spectrum, enabling multi-color labeling experiments.
colorimetry spectrophotometry by dr.Tasnim
This document discusses colorimetry and spectrophotometry. It provides details on:
1. The principles of photometry and how it is applied to techniques like colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and turbidometry.
2. The basic components and operation of colorimeters, including light sources, monochromators/filters, sample holders, detectors, and readouts.
3. The principles of colorimetry, including Beer's law, Lambert's law, and how absorbance is measured.
4. Applications of colorimetry for estimating biochemical compounds.
5. The additional components and capabilities of spectrophotometers compared to colorimeters, allowing for more accurate analysis.
phase contrast microscope
The document discusses phase contrast microscopy, which was developed by Fritz Zernike in the 1930s. It allows living or unstained cells and intracellular components to be visible under a microscope. The phase contrast microscope works by converting small phase changes caused by differences in refractive index of cell structures into visible brightness and darkness differences. This makes organelles and other structures visible without using staining. The phase contrast is achieved using an annular diaphragm and phase rings or filters to shift the phase of light passing through or around the specimen.
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry.pdf
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry are analytical techniques that use light to determine properties of substances. Spectrophotometry measures how much light is absorbed by a solution and can be used to determine concentration. It works by passing light through a sample and measuring the absorption at specific wavelengths. Many factors can affect the measurements, including concentration, path length, and calibration. Spectrophotometry has wide applications in fields like chemistry, medicine, food science and more.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry uses the absorption of light by chemical substances to measure concentration. A spectrophotometer directs a beam of light through a sample and measures the intensity of transmitted light, relating it to concentration through Beer's Law. It operates based on Lambert's Law stating light absorption increases with concentration and path length. Common types are single and double beam instruments, with the latter measuring sample and reference simultaneously. Components include a light source, monochromator, sample holder, and detector. Applications include quantifying analytes and studying reaction kinetics and molecular structure.
Photometry, colorimetry, spectophotometry
This document discusses photometry, colorimetry, and spectrophotometry, including their principles, instrumentation, and applications. Photometry measures light absorption to determine concentrations of elements. Colorimetry uses the human eye to determine concentrations of colored compounds, following Beer's and Lambert's laws relating absorbance to concentration and path length. Spectrophotometry identifies compounds by their absorption spectra and is used for enzyme assays, molecular weight determination, and studying protein interactions. These techniques are important in biochemical research for concentration determination, reaction monitoring, and compound identification.
Fluorescence spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of fluorescence spectroscopy. It describes how luminescence occurs when a system absorbs external energy like light and emits photons. Specifically, fluorescence involves absorbing ultraviolet or visible light which causes molecule excitation, then reemission of light. The document outlines fluorescence instrumentation components like light sources, wavelength selection using filters or monochromators, detectors, and sample holders. It also discusses related topics such as phosphorescence, absorption spectra, and the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence spectroscopy.
U V Visible Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of UV/Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the basic principles including electromagnetic radiation, electronic transitions, instrumentation, and applications. The key points are:
- UV/Visible spectroscopy analyzes absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the UV and visible light range by molecules undergoing electronic transitions.
- Instrumentation includes a radiation source, monochromator to select wavelengths, sample and reference cells, detectors to measure light intensity, and a recorder to generate spectra.
- Electronic transitions involved are σ→σ*, n→π*, π→π*, which determine the wavelengths absorbed and spectra obtained for different functional groups.
Teratogenesis (causing of congenital abnomalies)
The document discusses various teratogens, or substances that can cause birth defects, including x-rays, hyperthermia, HIV, rubella, toxoplasmosis, alcohol, cocaine, and aspirin. X-rays and hyperthermia can cause slow growth and developmental issues. HIV transmission can be reduced through treatment. Rubella may cause blindness, deafness, or disabilities. Toxoplasmosis can impact development. Alcohol is a leading cause of defects and issues. Cocaine can lead to addiction, low birth weight, and organ problems in babies. Aspirin may prolong labor and cause bleeding.
TUMOR CELL CULTURE
Cells are the basic unit of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Cell culture involves growing living cells in a controlled, in vitro environment with optimal temperature, pH, media, and isolation from contamination. There are different types of cell cultures including cell, tissue, and organ cultures. Tumors are uncontrolled cell growth that can be caused by genetic, environmental, or other regulatory body factors. Tumor cell cultures involve sampling tumor cells, initially establishing them in culture, and characterizing tumor cells through methods like DNA profiling, isoenzyme analysis, and studying morphological and cultural features.
More Related Content
What's hot
Colorimetry kk
Colorimetry is a technique used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solution by measuring the absorbance of light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of the color produced is directly proportional to the concentration of the compound being measured. Modern colorimetry uses a photoelectric cell to measure light absorption, replacing the human eye, and provides a direct measure of light intensity. Colorimetry is used in analytical chemistry applications such as determining concentrations of compounds in clinical samples and in industrial quality control.
Fundamentals of Spectrophotometer
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of spectrophotometry. It discusses how spectrophotometers work by measuring the absorption of light as it passes through a sample. Key points include:
- Spectrophotometers measure the intensity of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths.
- Beer's law describes the relationship between light absorption and analyte concentration, path length, and absorptivity.
- The basic design of a spectrophotometer includes a light source, wavelength selector/monochromator to isolate wavelengths, and a detector to measure transmitted light intensity.
Fluorescence microscope
The document discusses fluorescence microscopy. It describes how fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and fluorophores to stain cellular components and structures, which are then excited by light and emit light of a longer wavelength, allowing their visualization. The key parts of a fluorescence microscope are described, including the light source, excitation and emission filters, and dichroic mirror. Applications include identifying structures in fixed and live samples, and advantages are its ability to specifically label proteins and track multiple molecules simultaneously.
Gas-liquid chromatography
This document discusses gas chromatography, including its principles, instrumentation, and applications. Gas chromatography is a process that separates components in a mixture using an inert gas as the mobile phase. There are two main types - gas-solid chromatography uses a gas mobile phase and solid stationary phase, while gas-liquid chromatography uses a gas mobile phase and liquid stationary phase coated on an inert solid support. Key components of a gas chromatography instrument include the carrier gas, sample injection port, columns, and detectors such as the flame ionization detector. Gas chromatography has applications in quality control and analysis of drugs and metabolites.
Colorimetry
Photometry is used to measure light intensity and is applied in techniques like colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and turbidometry. Colorimetry determines concentrations of colored compounds by measuring light absorbed at visible wavelengths. It follows Beer's and Lambert's laws - the amount of light absorbed increases exponentially with increasing concentration and path length. A colorimeter consists of a light source, monochromator/filters, sample holder, detector, and readout. It is used to estimate biochemical compounds in body fluids through color reactions.
colorimeter
A colorimeter is an instrument that measures the intensity of light to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solution. It works by passing light through sample solutions and measuring how much light is absorbed, based on Beer's Law. Key components include a light source, wavelength selector, sample holder, light detector, and readout device. Colorimeters are widely used in clinical and industrial settings to analyze biochemical, food, soil, and water samples colorimetrically.
Uv visible spectrophotometer
Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure light absorbance across the ultraviolet and visible ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. When incident light strikes matter it can either be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted. The absorbance of radiation in the UV-Vis range causes atomic excitation, which refers to the transition of molecules from a low-energy ground state to an excited state.
Confocal microscope presentation pt
Confocal microscopy provides high-resolution images with better contrast compared to widefield microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light. A laser excites fluorescence in the sample, which is detected through the pinhole to build up an image point-by-point. By collecting optical sections at different depths, confocal microscopy can generate 3D reconstructions and analyze thick samples without physical sectioning. It finds applications in cell and developmental biology.
UV Spectrophotometer.pptx
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the analyte quantity depending on the amount of light received by the analyte.
Spectrophoto meter
Spectrophotometry involves using a spectrophotometer to measure how much light is absorbed or transmitted by a sample at different wavelengths. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of known substances in solution. A spectrophotometer works by shining light through a sample and measuring the intensity of the transmitted light, then using Beer's Law to calculate absorbance from transmittance. Absorbance measurements at different concentrations can be used to generate a standard curve to determine the concentration of unknown samples. Spectrophotometers are versatile tools that are widely used in laboratory analysis across various industries.
SOILD SCINTILLATION COUNTER PPT.pptx
This document discusses solid scintillation counters. It provides background on radioactivity and how scintillation counters can detect and measure different types of radiation. A solid scintillation counter uses a scintillation crystal that produces light flashes when hit by radiation. These light flashes are converted to electrical pulses that can be analyzed electronically. Common scintillation crystals discussed are sodium iodide, zinc sulfide, and anthracene. The document outlines the basic instrumentation, working principle, applications and advantages of solid scintillation counters.
Spectrophotometry
The document discusses spectrophotometry and colorimetry techniques for measuring the concentration of compounds in mixtures. Spectrophotometry uses spectrophotometers to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs by wavelength, allowing quantification of substances that may not be colored themselves but can form colored complexes. Colorimetry similarly measures light absorption but uses only one wavelength, while spectrophotometry uses multiple wavelengths for more precise measurement. Both techniques rely on the principles that absorption is proportional to concentration and path length.
Fluorescence microscopy
The document discusses fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent proteins. It describes how fluorescence microscopy works using light sources like mercury lamps and filters to excite and detect fluorescence. Common fluorescent proteins discussed include GFP, DsRed, and their variants. GFP derives its fluorescence from internal cyclization reactions forming a chromophore, and it and its variants are widely used as biological markers and reporters of gene expression. DsRed fluorescence comes from similar reactions and it and its variants emit light across the visible spectrum, enabling multi-color labeling experiments.
colorimetry spectrophotometry by dr.Tasnim
This document discusses colorimetry and spectrophotometry. It provides details on:
1. The principles of photometry and how it is applied to techniques like colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and turbidometry.
2. The basic components and operation of colorimeters, including light sources, monochromators/filters, sample holders, detectors, and readouts.
3. The principles of colorimetry, including Beer's law, Lambert's law, and how absorbance is measured.
4. Applications of colorimetry for estimating biochemical compounds.
5. The additional components and capabilities of spectrophotometers compared to colorimeters, allowing for more accurate analysis.
phase contrast microscope
The document discusses phase contrast microscopy, which was developed by Fritz Zernike in the 1930s. It allows living or unstained cells and intracellular components to be visible under a microscope. The phase contrast microscope works by converting small phase changes caused by differences in refractive index of cell structures into visible brightness and darkness differences. This makes organelles and other structures visible without using staining. The phase contrast is achieved using an annular diaphragm and phase rings or filters to shift the phase of light passing through or around the specimen.
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry.pdf
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry are analytical techniques that use light to determine properties of substances. Spectrophotometry measures how much light is absorbed by a solution and can be used to determine concentration. It works by passing light through a sample and measuring the absorption at specific wavelengths. Many factors can affect the measurements, including concentration, path length, and calibration. Spectrophotometry has wide applications in fields like chemistry, medicine, food science and more.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry uses the absorption of light by chemical substances to measure concentration. A spectrophotometer directs a beam of light through a sample and measures the intensity of transmitted light, relating it to concentration through Beer's Law. It operates based on Lambert's Law stating light absorption increases with concentration and path length. Common types are single and double beam instruments, with the latter measuring sample and reference simultaneously. Components include a light source, monochromator, sample holder, and detector. Applications include quantifying analytes and studying reaction kinetics and molecular structure.
Photometry, colorimetry, spectophotometry
This document discusses photometry, colorimetry, and spectrophotometry, including their principles, instrumentation, and applications. Photometry measures light absorption to determine concentrations of elements. Colorimetry uses the human eye to determine concentrations of colored compounds, following Beer's and Lambert's laws relating absorbance to concentration and path length. Spectrophotometry identifies compounds by their absorption spectra and is used for enzyme assays, molecular weight determination, and studying protein interactions. These techniques are important in biochemical research for concentration determination, reaction monitoring, and compound identification.
Fluorescence spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of fluorescence spectroscopy. It describes how luminescence occurs when a system absorbs external energy like light and emits photons. Specifically, fluorescence involves absorbing ultraviolet or visible light which causes molecule excitation, then reemission of light. The document outlines fluorescence instrumentation components like light sources, wavelength selection using filters or monochromators, detectors, and sample holders. It also discusses related topics such as phosphorescence, absorption spectra, and the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence spectroscopy.
U V Visible Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of UV/Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the basic principles including electromagnetic radiation, electronic transitions, instrumentation, and applications. The key points are:
- UV/Visible spectroscopy analyzes absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the UV and visible light range by molecules undergoing electronic transitions.
- Instrumentation includes a radiation source, monochromator to select wavelengths, sample and reference cells, detectors to measure light intensity, and a recorder to generate spectra.
- Electronic transitions involved are σ→σ*, n→π*, π→π*, which determine the wavelengths absorbed and spectra obtained for different functional groups.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Teratogenesis (causing of congenital abnomalies)
The document discusses various teratogens, or substances that can cause birth defects, including x-rays, hyperthermia, HIV, rubella, toxoplasmosis, alcohol, cocaine, and aspirin. X-rays and hyperthermia can cause slow growth and developmental issues. HIV transmission can be reduced through treatment. Rubella may cause blindness, deafness, or disabilities. Toxoplasmosis can impact development. Alcohol is a leading cause of defects and issues. Cocaine can lead to addiction, low birth weight, and organ problems in babies. Aspirin may prolong labor and cause bleeding.
TUMOR CELL CULTURE
Cells are the basic unit of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Cell culture involves growing living cells in a controlled, in vitro environment with optimal temperature, pH, media, and isolation from contamination. There are different types of cell cultures including cell, tissue, and organ cultures. Tumors are uncontrolled cell growth that can be caused by genetic, environmental, or other regulatory body factors. Tumor cell cultures involve sampling tumor cells, initially establishing them in culture, and characterizing tumor cells through methods like DNA profiling, isoenzyme analysis, and studying morphological and cultural features.
Whites and gamborg’s media in plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions. The document discusses the basic requirements for a plant tissue culture media including a complex mixture of salts (macroelements and microelements), organic supplements like vitamins and amino acids, a carbon source like sucrose, gelling agents, plant growth regulators, and antibiotics. It then provides details on the composition and use of Gamborg's media and White's media, which are commonly used plant tissue culture media developed in the 1960s.
Cryopreservation,sperm banking,artificial insemination
This document summarizes cryopreservation techniques for sperm banking and artificial insemination. It discusses how cryopreservation involves freezing biological material like sperm at ultra-low temperatures to preserve it using cryoprotectants like glycerol. Sperm banking involves collecting and storing frozen semen for future artificial insemination procedures to aid fertility. Artificial insemination is then described as the process of using a catheter to inject preserved sperm into the female's reproductive tract to facilitate conception.
Peroxisome
Peroxisomes are organelles found in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells that contain enzymes for oxidizing fatty acids and other organic substances. They produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct which is immediately broken down by the enzyme catalase. Peroxisomes play important roles in processes like fatty acid breakdown, bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, and the breakdown of toxic peroxides. Defects in peroxisome function can lead to genetic disorders affecting the nervous system, liver, and other organs.
Transition and collision theory
Collision theory and transition state theory explain how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ. Collision theory, proposed independently by Max Trautz and William Lewis in 1916-1918, qualitatively explains chemical reactions. Transition state theory, developed by Henry Eyring in 1935, describes an activated complex or transition state that forms between reactants and products. For a reaction to occur, the transition state must have sufficient concentration and break apart to form products rather than reforming reactants.
Cervical cancer and viral etiology
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. It is caused by abnormal cell growth in the cervix and can spread to other parts of the body. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 cause about 90% of cervical cancer cases. HPV is a common sexually transmitted virus that can lead to genital warts or cervical cancer depending on the viral type. Diagnosis of cervical cancer involves tests like the Pap test, colposcopy, and cervical biopsy to examine the cervix for abnormal or precancerous cells. Vaccines can protect against HPV types known to cause cervical cancer.
Family lamiaceae
This document summarizes the taxonomic classification and characteristics of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It describes their vegetative and floral structures and provides an example analysis of the species Ocimum sanctum. Some economic uses of Lamiaceae plants are mentioned, including as food, medicine, ornamentals, perfumes, and dyes. Key details provided include that they are mostly aromatic herbs or shrubs, have opposite leaves, bilabiate calyces and corollas, and schizocarpic fruits.
Peroxisome
Peroxisomes are organelles found in the cytoplasm of animal and plant cells. They are bounded by a single membrane and contain many enzymes. Christian deDuve first isolated peroxisomes from liver cells in 1965. Peroxisomes oxidize organic substances like fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct, which is then broken down by the enzyme catalase. They are most abundant in liver cells, where they are involved in functions like breaking down fatty acids, synthesizing cholesterol and bile acids, and breaking down excess purines.
Viewers also liked (9)
Whites and gamborg’s media in plant tissue culture
Whites and gamborg’s media in plant tissue culture
Cryopreservation,sperm banking,artificial insemination
Cryopreservation,sperm banking,artificial insemination
Similar to Design of spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry
single beam spectrometer, double beam spectrometer, beer lambert's law, uv spectrometer, visible spectrometer, ir spectrometer, absorption spectrum, mechanism and diveces
Uv visible spectroscopy
This slide contains information about UV-Visible spectroscopy ,
which will be helpfull for students.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry uses light absorption properties of substances to quantitatively analyze samples. It follows Beer's Law, where absorbance is directly proportional to concentration. A spectrophotometer splits light into wavelengths, passes a sample beam through the sample, and measures the intensities of light transmitted versus a reference beam. This allows measurement of absorbance across wavelengths. Main applications include concentration measurement, detection of impurities, and studying chemical kinetics.
U.V Spectroscopy
UV spectroscopy can be used to analyze organic compounds. It works by measuring the absorption of UV or visible light. Double beam UV spectroscopy has advantages over single beam as it automatically corrects for fluctuations in light source intensity and detector response. UV spectroscopy can be used to detect impurities, characterize functional groups, and determine concentrations through the Beer-Lambert law. It provides structural information about organic compounds.
biophysics 1 spectroscopy
basic principles of spectroscopy,beer s and lamberts law,colorimeter ,principle and application,principle and application of spectroscopy
Spectrophotometer by Kainat Ramzan
Spectrophotometer techniques are mostly used to measure the concentration of solutes in solution by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by the solution in a cuvette placed in the spectrophotometer.
UV Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy involves using UV or visible light to analyze samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy can be used to identify organic and inorganic compounds, determine concentrations, and study reaction kinetics. The document provides details on the principles, instrumentation, and applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy, including qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds, detection of functional groups and impurities, and determination of molecular structure.
Instrumentation of UV- Visible Spectroscopy.pptx
This document provides information about a seminar on instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the key components of a UV-Visible spectroscopy instrument: light sources like hydrogen lamps; filters or monochromators to isolate wavelengths; sample cells or cuvettes to hold liquid samples; and detectors like photomultiplier tubes to convert light to electrical signals. It also outlines some applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy like qualitative and quantitative analysis, detecting impurities, and determining the structure of organic compounds.
Uv/visible spectroscopy
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation and ultraviolet spectroscopy, explaining that UV spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of UV or visible light, which provides information about electronic transitions in molecules. It describes the components of a UV spectrometer and the principles of absorption spectroscopy. Various applications of UV spectroscopy in forensic science are also outlined, such as identifying illegal substances or determining the number of inks in questioned documents.
Uv
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation and ultraviolet spectroscopy, explaining that UV spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of UV or visible light, which produces electronic transitions in molecules. It describes the components of a UV spectrometer and the principles of absorption spectroscopy. UV spectroscopy has various applications in forensic science such as identifying questioned documents and detecting controlled substances.
lec5.pptx
Spectrophotometry uses spectrophotometers to measure how much light is absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength. A spectrophotometer directs light from a source through a sample and measures the amount of light transmitted. There are two main types - single beam spectrometers which measure one sample at a time, and double beam spectrometers which simultaneously measure a sample and reference. Spectrophotometers can be classified by the wavelength range used such as visible, UV, or infrared. They consist of a light source, dispersion elements, focusing elements, sample cells, detectors, and displays. Spectrophotometers are used to determine concentrations, identify compounds, and measure color.
Food analysis
A spectrophotometer measures the intensity of light transmitted or absorbed by chemical substances. It consists of a light source, monochromator to produce specific wavelengths, sample cell, and detector. There are two main types - single beam measures light intensity before and after a sample, while double beam compares light intensities between a reference and sample path. Spectrophotometers are used across various fields like chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, and more to analyze properties of substances, detect chemical components, and study how compounds interact with light.
Spectrophotometry & Calorimetry.pptx
This document provides an overview of spectrophotometry and colorimetry. It discusses the basic principles including how spectrophotometry follows Beer's law and relates light absorption to sample concentration. It describes the history and development of spectrophotometry instrumentation. The basic components and mechanisms of spectrophotometers are outlined. Applications of spectrophotometry include concentration measurement, detection of impurities, and molecular weight determination. Colorimetry is similar but uses only the visible light range. Spectrophotometry has advantages over colorimetry in being able to measure a broader electromagnetic spectrum.
uv spectelectronic transition in the roscopy
This document discusses UV spectroscopy and instrumentation. It provides an overview of electronic transitions including σ→ σ*, n → σ*, π→ π*, and n → π* transitions. It describes the basic components of UV-visible spectrophotometers including light sources, wavelength selectors, sample holders, detectors, and the differences between single beam and double beam instruments. The conclusion states that UV spectroscopy is routinely used in analytical chemistry for quantitative analysis of transition metals, conjugated organics, and biomolecules, and instrumentation enables precise measurements and enhanced capabilities.
Spectrophotometry In Biology
Spectrophotometry is used in Biology to plot optical density curves (to determine the concentration of biochemicals) or to conduct a cell count for a suspension.
PHOTOMETRY.pptx
Photometry is the science of measuring light in terms of its brightness as perceived by the human eye. It only considers visible light since the eye can only see in this range. Spectrophotometry measures light intensity across the electromagnetic spectrum using instruments. Absorption spectrophotometry measures the absorption of light as it passes through a sample, relating absorption to characteristics like concentration through Beer's and Lambert's laws. A spectrophotometer directs light from a source through a sample and measures the intensity of transmitted light using a detector to analyze samples and identify substances.
Biomolecular andcellularresearchdevices fin
The document discusses various devices used for biomolecular and cellular research, focusing on those based on interactions with electromagnetic radiation. It describes spectrophotometers that use absorption, emission, or fluorescence of light to measure biomolecule concentrations or study structure. Specific devices covered include UV/visible absorption spectrophotometers, infrared spectrophotometers, Raman spectrometers, and circular dichroism instruments. These tools allow analyzing properties like protein secondary structure, drug interactions at the molecular level, and transport processes.
Mse spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of the absorption and emission of light and other electromagnetic radiation by matter. It is used to study the structure of atoms and molecules by analyzing the wavelengths of radiation absorbed or emitted. A spectrophotometer can measure the amount of light absorbed by a sample and is used to determine the concentration of substances in solution. Common types of spectroscopy include absorption, emission, scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopy which use different methods to excite samples and analyze the spectra produced. Spectroscopy has many applications in fields like environmental analysis, biomedical science, and astronomy.
uv visible spectrometery ppt
This document provides an overview of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the basic principles, components, and types of UV-Visible spectrophotometers. The key components include a light source, monochromator, cuvettes to hold samples, and detectors. It also describes the principles of absorption spectroscopy and how double-beam spectrophotometers work by splitting the light source into reference and sample beams to improve accuracy. UV-Visible spectroscopy is a common technique for quantitative analysis that measures how light is absorbed by molecules at different wavelengths.
UV SPECTROSCOPY ppt.pptx
This document provides an overview of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the basic principles including electromagnetic radiation, spectroscopy, absorption of UV-Visible light, and Beer-Lambert's law. It describes the instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy including light sources, wavelength selectors, sample compartments, detectors and basic components. It also discusses electronic transitions, shifts in absorption, and applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Similar to Design of spectrophotometry (20)
Recently uploaded
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Recently uploaded (20)
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Design of spectrophotometry
- 2. Introduction Every chemical compound absorbs, transmits, or reflects light (electromagnetic radiation) over a certain range of wavelength. Spectrophotometry is widely used for quantitative analysis in various areas.
- 3. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. This measurement can also be used to measure the amount of a known chemical substance.
- 4. Spectrophotometry is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis in various fields such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering and clinical applications.
- 5. DESIGN:
- 6. The light source shines The light from the source is directed to the entrance slit of the monochromator The monochromator separates the wavelengths of light A fraction of the light is transmitted or reflected from the sample Focused onto the photodetector sequentially
- 7. Different Types of Spectrophotometers: 1.Single Beam: In this type, all the light passes through the sample . To measure the intensity of the incident light the sample must be removed so that all the light can pass through. This type of spectrometer is usually less expensive and less complicated.
- 8. 2.Double Beam: In this type, before it reaches the sample, the light source is split into two separate beams. From these one passes through the sample and second one is used for reference. This gives an advantage because the reference reading and sample reading can take place at the same time.
- 9. 3.Visible Light (400-700 nm): Visible spectrophotometers can use incandescent, halogen, or a combination of these sources and these spectrophotometers vary in accuracy. Plastic and glass cuvettes can be used for visible light spectroscopy.
- 10. Applications of a Spectrophotometer: It is directly used to measure light intensity at different wavelengths. It is used to determine the unknown concentration of solution. Estimating dissolved organic carbon concentration. Specific Ultraviolet Absorption for metric of aromaticity.
- 11. Reference: Research methodology for biological science -- vks