Instrumentation of UV- Visible Spectroscopy.pptx
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This document provides information about a seminar on instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the key components of a UV-Visible spectroscopy instrument: light sources like hydrogen lamps; filters or monochromators to isolate wavelengths; sample cells or cuvettes to hold liquid samples; and detectors like photomultiplier tubes to convert light to electrical signals. It also outlines some applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy like qualitative and quantitative analysis, detecting impurities, and determining the structure of organic compounds.
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INSTRUMENTATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses the components and design of spectrophotometry instruments. It describes the key components as the light source, monochromator, sample holder, detector, and amplifier. Common light sources mentioned are tungsten-halogen lamps, hydrogen discharge lamps, and xenon lamps. Filters and diffraction gratings are described as monochromators that isolate specific wavelengths. The document outlines the basic design of single beam and double beam spectrophotometers and their advantages.
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INSTRUMENTATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses the components and design of spectrophotometry instruments. It describes the key components as the light source, monochromator, sample holder, detector, and amplifier. Common light sources mentioned are tungsten-halogen lamps, hydrogen discharge lamps, and xenon lamps. Filters and diffraction gratings are described as monochromators that isolate specific wavelengths. The document outlines the basic design of single beam and double beam spectrophotometers and their advantages.
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Electronic transition.pptx
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I R spectroscopy & its application
IR spectroscopy analyzes the vibrational frequencies of bonds in molecules to determine their structure. It works by measuring the absorption of IR radiation by molecular bonds. Different functional groups absorb at characteristic frequencies, producing a molecular "fingerprint". IR spectroscopy is useful for identification of unknown compounds, analyzing purity, and monitoring chemical reactions through changes in bond absorption. It is a nondestructive technique applied in various fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, biomedical research, forensic science, and atmospheric studies.
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This document discusses Beer's law, which states that absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing material in the solution. It defines Beer's law, derives the mathematical equation, and lists some limitations and sources of deviation from the law, including high concentrations, dissociation/association reactions, use of polychromatic radiation, stray light, and mismatched sample cells. The derivation shows how the Beer's law equation is obtained based on probability of photon absorption in thin sections of the sample.
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Uv-visible spectroscopy
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This document discusses chromophores, which are groups that absorb electromagnetic radiation in the UV or visible region and impart color to compounds. It defines chromophores and provides examples such as C=C and C=O groups. Chromophores can be independent, requiring only one group to impart color, or dependent, requiring more than one group. The document also discusses auxochromes, which are groups that alter the wavelength and intensity of light absorbed by chromophores. It gives examples of how auxochromes can cause bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic, or hypochromic shifts in absorption.
Ir principle and factors affecting-lakshmi priya
This document provides an overview of infrared spectroscopy, including:
- The three regions of the infrared spectrum based on wavelength and wavenumber.
- How infrared spectroscopy detects the natural vibrational frequencies of bonds in molecules when radiation is absorbed.
- The two main types of molecular vibrations observed (stretching and bending).
- Factors that influence vibrational frequencies such as hydrogen bonding, bond angles, and electronic effects.
- The typical frequency ranges and intensities associated with common functional groups.
INSTRUMENTATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
This document describes the components and design of spectrophotometry instruments. It discusses the key components including the light source, monochromator system using filters, prisms or gratings, sample holder, detector and readout. Specific light sources like tungsten-halogen lamps, hydrogen and xenon discharge lamps are covered. Requirements for an ideal light source and operating principles of filters, prisms and diffraction gratings as monochromators are summarized.
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The key components of a UV-visible spectrophotometer are a light source, wavelength selector such as a monochromator, sample holder, detector, and associated electronics. Common light sources include deuterium lamps, tungsten lamps, and mercury lamps. Samples are typically held in quartz or glass cuvettes. Detectors include phototubes and photodiodes.
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Uv visible spectroscopy ppt
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region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and
lower frequency than visible light.
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This document discusses the instrumentation of UV spectrophotometry. It describes the key components which include sources of UV radiation like hydrogen discharge lamps, xenon discharge lamps, and mercury arc lamps. It also discusses monochromators like gratings to produce monochromatic light, and sample holders/cuvettes to hold liquid samples. Common detectors mentioned are barrier layer cells, phototubes, and photomultiplier tubes. Finally, it explains the basic setup of single beam and double beam UV spectrophotometers used for analysis.
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Nephelometry and turbidimetry are techniques used to measure the concentration of insoluble particles in a solution by detecting light that is scattered or transmitted through the solution. Nephelometry measures scattered light intensity, which increases with higher particle concentration, while turbidimetry measures transmitted light intensity, which decreases with more particles. Factors like particle size, molecular weight, and wavelength of light affect the amount of scattering. These techniques are used in applications such as measuring water pollution, analyzing biochemical samples, and estimating sulfur content in materials.
Golay cell
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Factors influencing chemical shift
The chemical shifts observed in NMR spectroscopy result from differences in the chemical environment of nuclei that cause shielding or deshielding of protons from the magnetic field. Chemical shifts are measured in parts per million (ppm) relative to a reference standard. Key factors that influence chemical shifts include inductive effects, van der Waals deshielding, anisotropic effects, and hydrogen bonding. Protons adjacent to alkenes or alkynes experience anisotropic deshielding or shielding respectively, while hydrogen bonding causes downfield shifts depending on bond strength.
Uv visible spectroscopy
This slide contains information about UV-Visible spectroscopy ,
which will be helpfull for students.
U.V Spectroscopy
UV spectroscopy can be used to analyze organic compounds. It works by measuring the absorption of UV or visible light. Double beam UV spectroscopy has advantages over single beam as it automatically corrects for fluctuations in light source intensity and detector response. UV spectroscopy can be used to detect impurities, characterize functional groups, and determine concentrations through the Beer-Lambert law. It provides structural information about organic compounds.
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Sampling techniques for ir
There are four main techniques used to prepare solid samples for IR spectroscopy: dissolving solids in solution, solid films, mull technique, and pressed pellet technique. The mull technique involves grinding the solid sample with a mulling agent like mineral oil or nujol to form a paste between IR windows. The pressed pellet technique uses potassium bromide to form a compressed pellet, avoiding interference from a mulling agent. Liquids can be analyzed directly in liquid sample cells of appropriate thickness.
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Ir principle and factors affecting-lakshmi priya
This document provides an overview of infrared spectroscopy, including:
- The three regions of the infrared spectrum based on wavelength and wavenumber.
- How infrared spectroscopy detects the natural vibrational frequencies of bonds in molecules when radiation is absorbed.
- The two main types of molecular vibrations observed (stretching and bending).
- Factors that influence vibrational frequencies such as hydrogen bonding, bond angles, and electronic effects.
- The typical frequency ranges and intensities associated with common functional groups.
INSTRUMENTATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
This document describes the components and design of spectrophotometry instruments. It discusses the key components including the light source, monochromator system using filters, prisms or gratings, sample holder, detector and readout. Specific light sources like tungsten-halogen lamps, hydrogen and xenon discharge lamps are covered. Requirements for an ideal light source and operating principles of filters, prisms and diffraction gratings as monochromators are summarized.
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
UV/visible spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light by molecules. It utilizes light in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm.
The key components of a UV-visible spectrophotometer are a light source, wavelength selector such as a monochromator, sample holder, detector, and associated electronics. Common light sources include deuterium lamps, tungsten lamps, and mercury lamps. Samples are typically held in quartz or glass cuvettes. Detectors include phototubes and photodiodes.
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Uv visible spectroscopy ppt
UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
The document discusses UV-visible spectroscopy, including the electromagnetic spectrum, types of electronic transitions (σ-σ*, π-π*, n-σ*, n-π*), terms used (chromophore, auxochrome), absorption bands (K, R, B), and Beer-Lambert law. It provides details on the theory behind UV-visible spectroscopy and how it can be used to analyze compounds through analysis of absorption spectra. Key terms like chromophores, electronic transitions, and Beer-Lambert law are defined. Examples are given to illustrate absorption maxima for different compound classes and how shifts in maxima occur with changes to molecular structure.
Infra Red Spectroscopy and Its Applications
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared
region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and
lower frequency than visible light.
Infrared Spectroscopy is the analysis of infrared light interacting with a molecule.
Principle of UV visible Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of the principles of UV-visible spectroscopy. It discusses how UV-visible spectroscopy involves exciting electrons from lower to higher orbital energies using electromagnetic radiation between 200-800nm. The absorption of radiation is dependent on the structure of the compound and type of electron transition. The main types of electron transitions are σ->σ*, n->π*, π->π*, and n->σ*. Selection rules determine which transitions are allowed. UV-visible spectroscopy is used in pharmaceutical analysis for qualitative, quantitative, and structural analysis of compounds in solution.
factors affecting fluorescence & phosphorescence
This document discusses factors that affect fluorescence and phosphorescence. It defines fluorescence and phosphorescence as types of molecular luminescence that are excited by photon absorption. The main difference is that fluorescence involves no change in electron spin, while phosphorescence does involve a change. Several factors can influence emission, including molecular structure and rigidity, temperature, solvent properties, pH, dissolved oxygen, concentration, and the presence of heavy atoms. More rigid and planar structures favor fluorescence and phosphorescence. Higher temperatures, viscosities, and oxygen levels decrease emission, while appropriate solvent polarity and pH can increase it.
HPLC
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is described. HPLC uses high pressure to force a mobile phase through a column at a fast rate, increasing resolution. It discusses the types of chromatography used in HPLC, including normal phase, reverse phase, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion. The instrumentation of HPLC is also summarized, including components like the pump, mixing unit, degasser, injector, column, and detector.
Instrumentation of uv spectroscopy
This document discusses the instrumentation of UV spectrophotometry. It describes the key components which include sources of UV radiation like hydrogen discharge lamps, xenon discharge lamps, and mercury arc lamps. It also discusses monochromators like gratings to produce monochromatic light, and sample holders/cuvettes to hold liquid samples. Common detectors mentioned are barrier layer cells, phototubes, and photomultiplier tubes. Finally, it explains the basic setup of single beam and double beam UV spectrophotometers used for analysis.
Infrared instrumentation
The document discusses infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which analyzes the interaction of infrared radiation with matter. IR spectroscopy can provide information about a compound's chemical structure and molecular structure by measuring its absorption of IR radiation. It is widely used to analyze organic materials and some inorganic molecules. The document then describes various components of IR instrumentation, including IR radiation sources like the Nernst glower and globar, monochromators that separate wavelengths, sample cells and techniques, and detectors like thermocouples, bolometers, and thermistors that measure the radiation absorbed.
Nepheloturbidometry slideshare instrumental methods of analysis
Nephelometry and turbidimetry are techniques used to measure the concentration of insoluble particles in a solution by detecting light that is scattered or transmitted through the solution. Nephelometry measures scattered light intensity, which increases with higher particle concentration, while turbidimetry measures transmitted light intensity, which decreases with more particles. Factors like particle size, molecular weight, and wavelength of light affect the amount of scattering. These techniques are used in applications such as measuring water pollution, analyzing biochemical samples, and estimating sulfur content in materials.
Golay cell
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Theory for gas chromatography
This document discusses gas chromatography (GC), which separates compounds that can be vaporized without decomposing. It has two types depending on the stationary phase: gas-solid chromatography (GSC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The distribution of analytes between phases is expressed by the distribution constant K. Plate theory and rate theory, including the Van Deemter equation, are presented to describe column efficiency and factors influencing peak broadening such as eddy diffusion, longitudinal diffusion, and mass transfer under non-equilibrium conditions.
Factors influencing chemical shift
The chemical shifts observed in NMR spectroscopy result from differences in the chemical environment of nuclei that cause shielding or deshielding of protons from the magnetic field. Chemical shifts are measured in parts per million (ppm) relative to a reference standard. Key factors that influence chemical shifts include inductive effects, van der Waals deshielding, anisotropic effects, and hydrogen bonding. Protons adjacent to alkenes or alkynes experience anisotropic deshielding or shielding respectively, while hydrogen bonding causes downfield shifts depending on bond strength.
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Spectrophotometry
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Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the analyte quantity depending on the amount of light received by the analyte.
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This document discusses the components and operation of a UV spectrophotometer. It describes the main components as the source, wavelength selector, sample container, detector, and readout. It provides details on common sources like deuterium arc lamps, tungsten lamps, and xenon arc lamps. It also discusses wavelength selector devices like monochromators and filters. The document outlines the applications of UV spectrophotometry in areas like detection of impurities, structure elucidation, and quantitative analysis. In under 3 sentences.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample. Older spectrophotometers took weeks for results and had low accuracy, but Arnold Beckman invented the first modern spectrophotometer in 1940 which provided results within minutes with nearly 100% accuracy. A spectrophotometer contains a light source, dispersion elements, absorption cells, detectors, and display devices. It is used to identify compounds and determine concentrations by measuring absorption of light at specific wavelengths.
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- 1. A SEMINAR ON Topic: Instrumentation of UV- Visible Spectroscopy Presented By: Hariom Jaiswal M. Pharm (Pharmaceutics) 1st Year / 1st Sem (2021-22) INSTTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT GIDA, GORAKHAPUR, U.P
- 2. CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. INSTRUEMENTION 3. APLLICATION
- 3. INTRODUCTION OF UV- Visible Spectroscopy Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy is the measurement of the attenuation of the beam of light after it passes through a sample or after reflection form a sample surface absorption measurement can be at single wave length or over an extended spectral range.
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