This document discusses the assessment and management of strabismus, or eye misalignment. It covers the development of visual acuity from infancy through childhood, techniques for assessing vision at different ages, and the development of binocular single vision. It also briefly classifies different types of strabismus, describes tests for assessing strabismus, and outlines the typical management approach, including correction of refractive errors, occlusion treatment, exercises, and possibly surgery. Risk factors for strabismus development include prematurity, developmental delays, refractive errors, and family history.

1. Assessment and Management of Strabismus Fiona Crotty Head Orthoptist East Sussex Hospitals

4. Development of Visual acuity (VEP’s) * Tested with single optotypes Age Visual Acuity Newborn 6/240 1 month 6/180 – 6/90 4 -6 months 6/18 – 6/6 3 years 6/6*

5. Assessment of Vision Birth to 12 months – forced choice preferential looking

6. Assessment of vision 12 months – 2 years Cardiff Cards

7. Assessment of Vision - Cardiff Cards

8. Assessment of Vision – occluding glasses

9. Assessment of Vision 2 – 4 years Kay Pictures

10. Assessment of Vision 4 – 6 years Crowded logMAR

20. Left Esotropia

21. Cover Test, Esotropia (1 & 2)

22. Pseudo Esotropia

23. Right Exotropia

24. Cover Test, Alternating exotropia (3)

25. Intermittent Squint Brown’s Syndrome

26. Intermittent Squint Duane’s Syndrome

27. Cover Test, Esophoria (4)

28. Cover Test, Exophoria (5)

33. Thank you