3.5 7.3 Dna Transcription
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This document summarizes key aspects of DNA transcription. It describes the three main types of RNA - rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA. Transcription is the process by which RNA is made from a DNA template in order to convey genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to promoter regions and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction until reaching a terminator region. The RNA codons formed during transcription correspond to DNA triplets. RNA processing occurs after transcription and involves splicing out introns and joining exons to form mature mRNA.
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Transcription of DNA to RNA
DNA is transcribed into RNA through the process of transcription. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a DNA strand and uses one of the strands as a template to produce a complementary RNA strand. It moves along the DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the DNA nucleotides and pairing RNA nucleotides to the DNA template. When RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence, it releases the completed mRNA, which can then be used as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
Dna transcription
RNA is synthesized from DNA in a process called transcription. There are both similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, is carried out by a single type of RNA polymerase, and mRNA is transcribed directly from DNA. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, utilizes three types of RNA polymerases, and produces hnRNA which is processed into mRNA. The key stages of transcription, initiation, elongation, and termination, occur through different mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Protein Syntheis
A gene is selected for protein production and RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA at that gene. It uses one DNA strand as a template to produce mRNA through transcription. The primary mRNA transcript is processed to remove introns, leaving exons that are spliced together. The mature mRNA then binds to ribosomes for translation, where tRNA matches its anticodon to mRNA codons and carries the corresponding amino acids. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids specified by mRNA to produce the protein.
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Transcription of DNA to RNA
DNA is transcribed into RNA through the process of transcription. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a DNA strand and uses one of the strands as a template to produce a complementary RNA strand. It moves along the DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the DNA nucleotides and pairing RNA nucleotides to the DNA template. When RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence, it releases the completed mRNA, which can then be used as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
Dna transcription
RNA is synthesized from DNA in a process called transcription. There are both similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, is carried out by a single type of RNA polymerase, and mRNA is transcribed directly from DNA. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, utilizes three types of RNA polymerases, and produces hnRNA which is processed into mRNA. The key stages of transcription, initiation, elongation, and termination, occur through different mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Protein Syntheis
A gene is selected for protein production and RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA at that gene. It uses one DNA strand as a template to produce mRNA through transcription. The primary mRNA transcript is processed to remove introns, leaving exons that are spliced together. The mature mRNA then binds to ribosomes for translation, where tRNA matches its anticodon to mRNA codons and carries the corresponding amino acids. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids specified by mRNA to produce the protein.
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Dna and transcription_tutorial
DNA contains genes that code for proteins. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to create messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA polymerase breaks the bonds between DNA and transcribes the DNA code into mRNA by pairing complementary nucleotides. The mRNA then detaches from DNA and exits the nucleus, where it attaches to a ribosome. At the ribosome, translation occurs to build the protein based on the mRNA code.
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Transcription is the process of copying a section of DNA into a complementary strand of mRNA. Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain by a ribosome, starting at a START codon and stopping at a STOP codon. The document provides an overview of transcription and translation and encourages practicing replicating DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and protein sequences.
Transcriptionand translation
Transcription is the process of copying information from DNA to mRNA. Translation is the process of using the mRNA code to assemble a protein. The genetic code links codons, which are three nucleotide sequences in mRNA, to specific amino acids. tRNA molecules match codons to their corresponding amino acids and deliver them to the ribosome for protein assembly.
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This document summarizes key aspects of gene expression from transcription to translation in eukaryotes. It describes the central dogma principle where genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase and various transcription factors. The mRNA produced undergoes processing including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before translation. Translation occurs on ribosomes and involves initiation, elongation and termination factors to produce proteins.
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Transcription,translation and genetic code(cell biology)by welfredo yu
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Welfredo Lubrico Yu,Jr.
BSEd-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION(C.T.E.)
SDSSU-MAIN CAMPUS,TANDAG CITY
Transcription and translation
The document summarizes key concepts in molecular genetics from DNA to protein production. It explains that (1) gene expression is regulated by controlling the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein, (2) transcription involves RNA polymerase making an RNA copy of DNA, and (3) translation uses ribosomes to synthesize a polypeptide based on the mRNA sequence.
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Motiffs
transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA.This process is simple in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes certain factors are used.
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The document summarizes transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into protein. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation involves initiator tRNAs bringing amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain. Eukaryotic transcription and translation are more complex than prokaryotes with mRNA processing and separate transcription/translation.
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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. In prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase synthesizes all RNA, while eukaryotes have multiple RNA polymerases. The enzyme binds to promoter regions on DNA and uses one strand as a template to make complementary RNA. Primary transcripts in eukaryotes undergo processing like capping, polyadenylation, and splicing to produce mature, functional RNAs that can be translated or act as non-coding RNAs. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination and can be inhibited by various antibiotics that target bacterial or eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
DNA Transcription And Translation
The complementary strand of DNA to ACTAGGC would have TGATCCT. DNA contains sequences of nucleotides that code for protein synthesis through transcription and translation. Transcription involves copying DNA into mRNA. Translation involves mRNA being read by ribosomes to produce a protein chain of amino acids, with three nucleotide codons corresponding to each amino acid.
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This describes how proteins are formed and which is the role of each component in the process, with pictures and complete resume boxes.
Dna translation
slide 2 central dogma
slide 3 key molecules used in translation
slide 4,5,6,7 all the key molcules with detail explanation
slide 8 phases of translation
slide 9 initiation and its process
slide 10 explanation initiation
slide 11 elongation and translocation
slide 12 process and steps of elongation and tRNA recharge in detail
slide 13 termination and its stages.
slide 14 diagrammatic representation of all the steps of termination with discrption
slide 15 thank you
Central dogma of biology
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Transcription and post-transcriptional modification.
A slide about Transcription and Post-transcription modification prepared for undergraduates understanding but PG levels may find it good for revision and handy for exams.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which the information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. It involves two main stages - transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to protein. In eukaryotes, gene expression requires several processing steps between transcription and translation including 5' capping, splicing, and 3' polyadenylation of mRNA. Protein synthesis occurs via three phases - initiation, elongation, and termination on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels including transcription, RNA processing, translation and post-translation.
DNA Transcription- Part-1
The document discusses DNA transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, transcription involves initiation at a promoter region, elongation of RNA polymerase along the DNA, and termination. Initiation requires binding of RNA polymerase and sigma factor to the promoter. Elongation follows base pairing rules. Termination can be rho-dependent or independent. Eukaryotic transcription is more complex, occurring in the nucleus with three RNA polymerases and more elaborate promoter and regulatory elements that control transcription.
Transcription of DNA to RNA
RNA has the function of copying genetic information from DNA and transporting it to be used for protein synthesis. It differs from DNA in that RNA is single-stranded, contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, and contains the base uracil instead of thymine. The length of mRNA is much shorter than DNA as it only contains the code for a single protein, while DNA contains the full genome.
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Transcription is the process of copying information from DNA to mRNA. Translation is the process of using the mRNA code to assemble a protein. The genetic code links codons, which are three nucleotide sequences in mRNA, to specific amino acids. tRNA molecules match codons to their corresponding amino acids and deliver them to the ribosome for protein assembly.
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Expression of genetic material : From Transcription to Translation
This document summarizes key aspects of gene expression from transcription to translation in eukaryotes. It describes the central dogma principle where genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase and various transcription factors. The mRNA produced undergoes processing including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before translation. Translation occurs on ribosomes and involves initiation, elongation and termination factors to produce proteins.
Central dogma
The document summarizes key aspects of the central dogma and genetic code. It discusses how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein in an unidirectional manner. It also describes how the genetic code is cracked, with three nucleotides needed to encode for 20 amino acids. Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, making the code degenerate and allowing few changes over time due to lack of tolerance.
Transcription,translation and genetic code(cell biology)by welfredo yu
PREPARED BY
Welfredo Lubrico Yu,Jr.
BSEd-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION(C.T.E.)
SDSSU-MAIN CAMPUS,TANDAG CITY
Transcription and translation
The document summarizes key concepts in molecular genetics from DNA to protein production. It explains that (1) gene expression is regulated by controlling the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein, (2) transcription involves RNA polymerase making an RNA copy of DNA, and (3) translation uses ribosomes to synthesize a polypeptide based on the mRNA sequence.
Lecture 6 (biol3600) transcription m rna processing- winter 2012 pw
This chapter discusses transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, a single type of RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequences with the help of a sigma factor. Transcription proceeds through initiation, elongation, and termination. In eukaryotes, transcription requires chromatin remodeling and the binding of basal transcription factors that help recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter. RNA polymerase II synthesizes mRNA with the assistance of transcription factors that recognize regulatory promoter elements.
Motiffs
transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA.This process is simple in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes certain factors are used.
27 28 105 fa13 transcription and translation skel
The document summarizes transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into protein. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation involves initiator tRNAs bringing amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain. Eukaryotic transcription and translation are more complex than prokaryotes with mRNA processing and separate transcription/translation.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the production of proteins. It involves two main stages: transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed into mRNA with the help of RNA polymerase. In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA undergoes processing including 5' capping, splicing, and 3' polyadenylation to produce mature mRNA. Translation then uses the mRNA to produce a polypeptide with the help of ribosomes and tRNA. It involves initiation, elongation through the sequential addition of amino acids, and termination when a stop codon is reached.
TRANSCRIPTION & POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. In prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase synthesizes all RNA, while eukaryotes have multiple RNA polymerases. The enzyme binds to promoter regions on DNA and uses one strand as a template to make complementary RNA. Primary transcripts in eukaryotes undergo processing like capping, polyadenylation, and splicing to produce mature, functional RNAs that can be translated or act as non-coding RNAs. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination and can be inhibited by various antibiotics that target bacterial or eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
DNA Transcription And Translation
The complementary strand of DNA to ACTAGGC would have TGATCCT. DNA contains sequences of nucleotides that code for protein synthesis through transcription and translation. Transcription involves copying DNA into mRNA. Translation involves mRNA being read by ribosomes to produce a protein chain of amino acids, with three nucleotide codons corresponding to each amino acid.
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This describes how proteins are formed and which is the role of each component in the process, with pictures and complete resume boxes.
Dna translation
slide 2 central dogma
slide 3 key molecules used in translation
slide 4,5,6,7 all the key molcules with detail explanation
slide 8 phases of translation
slide 9 initiation and its process
slide 10 explanation initiation
slide 11 elongation and translocation
slide 12 process and steps of elongation and tRNA recharge in detail
slide 13 termination and its stages.
slide 14 diagrammatic representation of all the steps of termination with discrption
slide 15 thank you
Central dogma of biology
The central dogma of biology describes the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which binds to mRNA at the ribosome, and transfer RNA (tRNA) which delivers amino acids to the ribosome. Transcription is the process by which mRNA is produced from DNA, and translation is the process by which the mRNA code is used to assemble a protein from amino acids based on codons in the mRNA.
Transcription and post-transcriptional modification.
A slide about Transcription and Post-transcription modification prepared for undergraduates understanding but PG levels may find it good for revision and handy for exams.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which the information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. It involves two main stages - transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to protein. In eukaryotes, gene expression requires several processing steps between transcription and translation including 5' capping, splicing, and 3' polyadenylation of mRNA. Protein synthesis occurs via three phases - initiation, elongation, and termination on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels including transcription, RNA processing, translation and post-translation.
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Transcription of DNA to RNA
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Dna replication transcription and translation
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Transcription
1. The document discusses transcription, the process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template.
2. There are three main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA - which have different functions like encoding proteins, transporting amino acids, and constituting ribosomes.
3. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. Initiation requires promoters, elongation uses RNA polymerase to add nucleotides, and termination ends RNA synthesis.
Transcription and Translation PowerPoint
Transcription is the process of making mRNA from DNA. It involves RNA polymerase making an mRNA complementary copy of the DNA strand. Translation is the process of using the mRNA to produce a polypeptide by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA codons. During transcription, introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined to form mature mRNA. If the parent DNA strand is A A T G C A G T, the complementary mRNA strand will be U U A C G U C A.
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7.1 dna structure and replication
DNA contains the genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring. It is made up of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix structure. DNA replication involves unwinding of the helix by helicase, addition of RNA primers by primase, and synthesis of new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction by DNA polymerase. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand involves discontinuous synthesis of Okazaki fragments that are later joined by DNA ligase.
Transcription and translation
Prokaryotic transcription involves RNA polymerase binding to promoter sequences on DNA and synthesizing RNA without the need for primers. It proceeds through initiation, elongation, and termination stages. Eukaryotic transcription is more complex, utilizing three RNA polymerases and involving transcription factors, mediator complexes, 5' capping, splicing, and 3' polyadenylation to process mRNA. Alternative splicing allows single genes to code for multiple proteins through different combinations of exons.
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Information stored in DNA is copied onto mRNA through transcription. Transcription occurs from 5' to 3' in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells further modify mRNA after transcription through splicing and other processes. This increases the number of proteins that can be produced from a single gene. Gene expression is regulated by proteins binding to specific DNA sequences and the cell's environment.
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This document discusses RNA, ribosomes, and protein synthesis. It explains that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which directs the process of translation where transfer RNA and ribosomes work together to assemble amino acids into proteins according to the genetic code stored in DNA. The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA makes RNA makes protein, with three types of RNA - messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA - all playing important roles in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein.
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From DNA to Protein
1. DNA contains genes that provide instructions for building proteins through transcription and translation. RNA is produced through transcription and carries the genetic code from DNA. There are three main types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
2. During translation, mRNA attaches to ribosomes where tRNA brings amino acids to add to the growing polypeptide chain according to the mRNA codons until a stop codon is reached. This process synthesizes proteins using the genetic code stored in DNA.
3. Mutations in DNA can occur through changes in single nucleotides or the insertion/deletion of nucleotides. This can alter the mRNA and resulting protein sequence produced.
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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis, which involves two main steps - transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then acts as a messenger to carry the genetic code to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs on ribosomes to synthesize proteins based on the mRNA sequence. The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Some viruses use reverse transcription to produce DNA from their RNA genetic material.
Ig
The document summarizes DNA, RNA, the genetic code, and protein biosynthesis. It discusses the central dogma of molecular biology whereby DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Key steps include DNA replication, transcription, translation, and post-translational processing. The genetic code is explained where codons in mRNA specify amino acids. Recombinant DNA technology allows joining DNA from different sources to produce recombinant proteins.
Transcription and Translation part 2.ppt
Protein synthesis involves two main processes - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA message is converted into mRNA in the nucleus. In translation, the mRNA message is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain. Key elements that aid these processes include RNA polymerase which synthesizes mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) which translates mRNA codons into amino acids, and ribosomes which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
Transcription and Translation part 2.ppt
Protein synthesis involves two main processes - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA message is converted into mRNA in the nucleus. In translation, the mRNA message is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain. Key elements that aid these processes include RNA polymerase which synthesizes mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) which translates mRNA codons into amino acids, and ribosomes which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
BiologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses protein synthesis which begins with DNA carrying the code for amino acid sequences. During transcription, a copy of the DNA sequence is made into messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and mRNA codons. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form the polypeptide chain.
Role of DNA and A in Protein synthesis
DNA contains genetic instructions and is transcribed into RNA. RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. Protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA into mRNA and translation of mRNA into proteins. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, while translation assembles amino acids into proteins according to the mRNA code. Both transcription and translation are essential for protein synthesis and the flow of genetic information.
Gene expression: Translation and Transcription
The document discusses gene expression and transcription. It defines gene expression as the process by which a gene's information is converted into functional molecules like proteins or RNA. Transcription is the first step, where RNA polymerase makes an RNA copy of the gene. In eukaryotes, the initial RNA copy undergoes processing like capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before becoming messenger RNA. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus and translated by ribosomes into a protein product.
lecture 3 Gene expression pptx
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. It involves three main steps: replication, transcription, and translation. Replication copies DNA, transcription creates mRNA from DNA, and translation uses mRNA to produce proteins. The central dogma states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. Mutations can occur and change the nucleotide sequence, potentially altering the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.
Protein synthesis
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Transcription and Translation.pptx
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. During transcription, a copy of mRNA is generated from DNA in the nucleus. This mRNA is then used as a template during translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm. During translation, ribosomes use the mRNA to assemble a polypeptide chain by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA codons. Three key events occur during translation - initiation, elongation, and termination to produce the final protein product.
Transcription and translation08
Transcription and translation are two processes that work together to create proteins using DNA's genetic code. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves making an mRNA copy of a gene from DNA. The mRNA then moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA in the cytoplasm attaches to ribosomes and uses transfer RNA to decode the mRNA and bring amino acids together to form a protein chain according to the mRNA's codons. The protein then detaches from the ribosome and performs its functions in the cell.
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which a DNA strand is copied into RNA. It involves three main phases - initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and separates the strands to form a transcription bubble. Elongation then occurs as RNA polymerase reads the template strand and builds a complementary RNA chain. Termination happens when a termination signal is reached, causing the RNA transcript to detach from the polymerase. The main enzyme involved is RNA polymerase, which synthesizes RNA using a DNA template.
transcription ppt 21.pdf
This document provides an overview of transcription. It defines transcription as the process of copying DNA into RNA using RNA polymerase. The key stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation involves RNA polymerase binding to the promoter region. Elongation is the synthesis of RNA using the DNA template. Termination occurs when the terminator sequence is reached. Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm and uses one RNA polymerase, while eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus using three RNA polymerases and involves separate transcription and translation.
Molecular Genetics Part II
This document summarizes the process of gene expression from DNA to protein. It discusses:
1) How early experiments established that genes encode proteins through RNA intermediates. One gene encodes one polypeptide.
2) The "central dogma" of molecular biology - that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into protein. RNA acts as an intermediate to protect DNA and allow for gene regulation.
3) The process of transcription, including initiation, elongation, termination, and post-transcriptional modification of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes.
4) Translation occurs on ribosomes, where mRNA directs the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides according to the genetic code
Chapter 10 keynote.key
The document summarizes the processes of transcription and translation. It defines key terms like DNA, RNA, genes, and proteins. It describes transcription as using RNA polymerase to create mRNA from DNA in the nucleus, with mRNA carrying codon instructions. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, using tRNAs to bring amino acids to the ribosome according to mRNA codons, forming a protein chain. The final product of transcription is mRNA, while the final product of translation is an amino acid chain.
Transcription & Translation
The document summarizes the key steps in protein synthesis:
1) Transcription involves creating an mRNA template from DNA in the nucleus. 2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes. 3) Translation occurs as ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA codons.
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3.5 7.3 Dna Transcription
- 1. 3.5 & 7.3DNA Transcription IB Biology
- 2. Types of RNA: rRNA: ribosomal RNA Major component of ribosomes tRNA: transfer RNA Carries amino acids to mRNA An interpreter in translation mRNA: messenger RNA Encodes genetic info from DNA and convey it to the ribosomes, where the info is translated into amino acid sequences
- 3. Transcription The process by which RNA is made from a DNA template Purpose: to read the DNA, one gene at a time. RNA polymerase starts transcription at promoters and end at terminators Complimentary RNA strand is formed RNA is assembled in the 5’ 3’ direction Bubbles open- instead of unzipping
- 4. DNA “words”… DNA gives instructions. The instructions are written in a language where words are ALWAYS three base pairs long. Ex: AAT,CCG,GCA,TTC, etc. Each is called a triplet.
- 5. Triplets on DNA makeCodons on mRNA Codon- genetic code made of one triplet of bases. Codons are found on mRNA (messenger RNA)
- 6. Formation of mRNA Creates a “mirror image” of the triplets found on DNA (except TU) mRNA then travels out of the nucleus and toward a ribosome. The formation of RNA is called transcription
- 7. New Enzyme- RNA Polymerase Links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription Uses DNA as template Similar to DNA polymerase but only facilitates a reaction on one side of the strand
- 8. New Players: Promoter- place on gene where RNA polymerase initially attaches. Terminator- place on gene where transcription ends.
- 9. New…the “Middle” Step Transcription - beginning Middle = mRNA processing Translation - end
- 10. RNA processing Post-transcriptional Introns- non-coding sequences are removed Exons- coding sequences are spliced together
- 11. IB Terms: Sense vs. Antisense strands Sense strand - the “other” strand, not transcribed. Antisense strand -the one mRNA attaches to, and is complimentary to. mRNA is similar to the sense strand, except TU.
- 12. The code is universal The same codons are found in all living organisms.