3.8 8.2 Photosynthesis PPT
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1. Photosynthesis occurs in leaves through two stages - the light dependent and light independent reactions. 2. In the light dependent reactions, light energy is captured by chloroplasts and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy carriers (ATP and NADPH). 3. The light independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the energy from ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars.
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Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. It consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use chlorophyll to absorb light and generate ATP and NADPH through electron transport. The light-independent reactions use ATP and NADPH to fix carbon and produce glucose. Limiting factors like light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
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Module 6, lesson 1 photosynthesis
1) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP and sugars like glucose.
2) It is comprised of two stages - the light reaction which converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP, and the Calvin cycle which uses ATP to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
3) The process occurs in chloroplasts within plant cells, and relies on chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and drive the creation of ATP and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide.
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Biology - Chp 8 - Photosynthesis - PowerPoint
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs sunlight and transfers its energy to electrons. The light-dependent reactions use this energy to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. The light-independent Calvin cycle then uses ATP and NADPH to produce glucose and regenerate the starting molecules to continue the cycle. Photosynthesis occurs in plant cell organelles called chloroplasts, within membranes called thylakoids that contain the light-dependent reactions, and the surrounding stroma that contains the light-independent Calvin cycle.
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Integrated Science M1 Photosynthesis Process
The document provides information about photosynthesis, including where it occurs, the chemical processes involved, and photochemical reactions. It discusses:
1) Photosynthesis primarily takes place in the chloroplasts of leaf mesophyll cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight.
2) The chemical processes of photosynthesis involve light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to split water and produce ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions use these products to fix carbon from CO2 into sugars.
3) Any chemical reaction that uses or is influenced by light energy, such as the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, is considered a photochemical process.
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Similar to 3.8 8.2 Photosynthesis PPT
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorbs light which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-storing molecules like glucose. The byproducts of photosynthesis like oxygen and glucose are essential for other organisms to survive.
Photosynthes
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to convert water to oxygen and produce ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then uses the ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose. Photosynthesis is essential for life as it produces the oxygen and food on which nearly all organisms depend.
Photosynthesis light reaction
Photosynthesis has two phases: the light reaction and dark reaction. The light reaction uses photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. The dark reaction uses these products to fix carbon and produce sugars. The light reaction involves three steps: excitation of photosystems, production of ATP via electron transport, and reduction of NADP+ and photolysis of water. This is summarized by the Z-scheme which represents the electron flow and energy changes. Photophosphorylation uses the proton gradient generated by electron transport to synthesize ATP via chemiosmosis.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugar. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaves using the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight which is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose through a pair of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. This process provides a crucial source of food for plants and oxygen for animals and is essential for life on Earth.
Photosynthesis process (light and dark reactions)
1) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and involves two stages - the light reactions where sunlight is absorbed to make ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle where CO2 is fixed using these products to make glucose.
2) The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts where photosystems capture light and transfer electrons down a transport chain, powering ATP production. Oxygen is released from water.
3) The Calvin cycle takes place in the chloroplast stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to incorporate CO2 into organic compounds, specifically glucose, in three steps of fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
Photosynthesis/Cell Resp.
The document discusses the flow of energy through organelles during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It explains that photosynthesis captures solar energy to produce glucose in chloroplasts, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy in mitochondria. It describes the electron transport chain which establishes a proton gradient to produce ATP through chemiosmosis in both organelles.
Week 1.ppt
Photosynthesis involves multiple light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use pigments like chlorophyll to absorb light energy which is used to power electron transport and generate ATP and NADPH. This occurs through two photosystems that facilitate electron transfer, with photosystem II initiating the process by splitting water. Cytochrome b6f and other proteins mediate electron transfer between the photosystems. The light-independent Calvin cycle then uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from CO2 into glucose.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions where sunlight is absorbed to make ATP and NADPH using chlorophyll, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbon dioxide is fixed using ATP and NADPH to produce glucose or other carbohydrates. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis, which is essential for aerobic organisms to survive.
15_Photosynthesis.pdf
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Chlorophyll, located in chloroplasts, absorbs sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich glucose. Two stages occur - the light-dependent reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the light-independent reactions where carbon is incorporated into carbohydrates like glucose using the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions.
Cell Respiration Notes
This document provides an overview of cellular respiration. It discusses three key stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle further breaks down pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix. During these stages, electrons are transferred to NAD+ to form NADH. The electron transport chain passes the electrons from NADH to oxygen to form water, extracting energy to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. In total, respiration generates up to 38 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule.
3 - Biochemical processes in cells
The document discusses energy and cellular respiration in organisms. It explains that organisms obtain energy by breaking down biomolecules through either photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming organic matter (heterotrophs). Aerobic respiration fully breaks down glucose to release the most energy as ATP, occurring in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in mitochondria, and the electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and is less efficient, producing lactic acid or ethanol instead of fully oxidizing glucose.
AP Biology - Photosynthesis (Part 1
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugars. It occurs in two stages - the light reactions where light is absorbed to produce ATP and NADPH using chlorophyll, and the Calvin cycle where ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon and produce sugars. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and involve two photosystems that absorb different wavelengths of light and an electron transport chain that creates a proton gradient to produce ATP.
Photosynthesis
This PowerPoint presentation focuses on capturing the energy in light and the Calvin Cycle. Colorful diagrams and illustrations appear throughout the presentation and the following topics are addressed:
* Plant Cell Structure
* Photosynthesis Equations
* Biochemical Pathways
* 5 Steps of the Electron Transport System
* 3 Steps of the Calvin Cycle
This presentation was created by Stacey Odum in Richmond County, GA.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in three main steps:
1) Light-dependent reactions in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH via the electron transport chain.
2) The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from CO2 into 3-carbon sugar phosphates, which are then reduced and regenerated to produce G3P.
3) G3P molecules are combined to form glucose, providing an energy-storing organic compound for cells. The oxygen produced as a byproduct is released for other organisms to use.
Photosynthesis Slide.pdf
Most life on Earth depends on photosynthesis.The process is carried out by plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, which capture energy from sunlight to produce oxygen (O2) and chemical energy stored in glucose (a sugar). Herbivores then obtain this energy by eating plants, and carnivores obtain it by eating herbivores.
The process
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
Chlorophyll
Inside the plant cell are small organelles called chloroplasts, which store the energy of sunlight. Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is a light-absorbing pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for giving the plant its green color. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from blue- and red-light waves, and reflects green-light waves, making the plant appear green.
Light-dependent reactions vs. light-independent reactions
While there are many steps behind the process of photosynthesis, it can be broken down into two major stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane and requires a steady stream of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction. The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH. The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin Cycle, takes place in the stroma, the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and does not require light, hence the name light-independent reaction. During this stage, energy from the ATP and NADPH molecules is used to assemble carbohydrate molecules, like glucose, from carbon dioxide.
C3 and C4 photosynthesis
Not all forms of photosynthesis are created equal, however. There are different types of photosynthesis, including C3 photosynthesis and C4 photosynthesis. C3 photosynthesis is used by the majority of plants. It involves producing a three-carbon compound called 3-phosphoglyceric acid during the Calvin Cycle, which goes on to become glucose. C4 photosynthesis, on the other hand, produces a four-carbon intermediate compound, which splits into carbon dioxide and a three-carbon compound during the Calvin Cycle. A benefit of C4 photosynthesis is that by producing higher levels of carbon, it allows plants to thrive in environments without much light or water.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis involves two main stages - the light reactions and dark reactions. In the light reactions, chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs sunlight to split water, producing oxygen and energized electrons. These electrons are used to produce ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain. In the dark reactions, ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose through the Calvin cycle. Six turns of the Calvin cycle are required to fix one molecule of carbon dioxide into glucose. Photosynthesis provides organic compounds for growth and energy storage in plants.
Photosynthesisand cellularrespiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in four main stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it is further oxidized, producing NADH and FADH2. These enter the Krebs cycle to produce more NADH and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across a membrane, building an electrochemical gradient used to produce a large amount of ATP through oxidative
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
A narrated power-point presentation that describes the processes of Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Here we have described what photosynthesis is. We have gone through different phases of photosynthesis as well as different cycles of photosynthesis used by different plants
Chapter 10
The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It describes that photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and certain microorganisms, which use light energy to synthesize organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. The two main stages are the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy in ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle, which uses these products to fix carbon into sugars like glucose.
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3.8 8.2 Photosynthesis PPT
- 1. Topics 3.8 + 8.2 Photosynthesis IB Biology
- 3. Leaves Green tissue in the interior of the leaf (mesophyll) = contains chloroplasts CO2 enters the leaf and O2 exits through the stoma Stomata =bottom of leaf
- 4. Chloroplasts similar to mitochondria outer and inner membrane membranous sacs: THYLAKOIDS thylakoids = concentrated in stacks called GRANA thylakoids: contain chlorophyll (capture light) filled with fluid: STROMA (where sugars are made from CO2 )
- 5. Overview
- 10. The 2 stages of Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions: convert light energy to chemical energy (ATP + NADPH) and produce oxygen gas as a waste product Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle): make sugar using carbon dioxide and the energy-containing products of the light-reactions (ATP + NADPH)
- 11. Light Dependent Reaction Light can be.. Absorbed Reflected Transmitted Occurs in thylakoids Chlorophyll A and B = main photosynthetic pigments (also carotenes, anthocyanins)
- 12. Light Dependent Reaction Light energy is used to split water. H + is released = used by ATP Synthase to produce ATP NADP + is reduced to NADPH+ ATP and NADPH = used in light independent reactions O2 = waste product
- 13. Photosystems Photosystem: place in thylakoid where light is harvested Photon is absorbed by a pigment molecule = electrons gain energy Excited electron is passed to a neighboring molecule - the primary acceptor
- 14. Photosystems I & II work together Both photosystems absorb light Electron Transport Chain= electrons go down an energy hill = lose energy at each step - this energy is stored in ATP or NADPH Electrons released from PSI is replaced by electrons coming from PSII
- 21. H + flow allows ATP production
- 24. Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) Glucose phosphate is produced = stored as starch CO2 , ATP and NADPH are used
- 26. Simple Calvin Cycle animations:
- 27. Summary Light dependent reaction Light independent reaction
- 30. plateau CO2 is a substrate in an enyme-catalysed light-dependent reaction. At low CO2 concentration, rate is positively correlated with concentration
- 31. plateau At low light intensity, rate of photosynthesis is proportional to light intensity.
- 32. Optimum temperature Increased temp. gives increased energy and increased rate of photosynthesis Above the optimum temp., enzymes are denatured and rate drops steeply.
- 34. What are the conditions of each of these trials? Rate of photosynthesis Light intensity
Editor's Notes
- Photosynthesis title, definition and equation.
- Chloroplast: colour TEM, parts and functions.
- Why does a leaf look green?
- Action spectrum of photosynthesis shows wavelengths used for light dependent reactions. Different colours are different wavlengths. The green region is not used, so green light is reflected and seen.
- Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a vs action spectrum of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll b is used to ‘fill the gaps’ in the action spectrum.
- Photolysis of water produces high-energy electrons, H+ protons and oxygen.
- Protons are pumped into stroma using energy from electrons
- Photosystem I is activated
- Non-cyclic phosphorylation produces ATP.
- Reduction of NADP+ by ferredoxin.
- Calvin cycle overview.
- Calvin cycle animation links.
- Team analogy for the limiting factors theory. Time to vote off the weakest link.
- CO2 affects rate of photosynthesis. CO2 is the substrate in carbon fixation (Calvin cycle) – rubisco is the enzyme.
- Light intensity affects rate of photosynthesis.
- Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis. Remember enzyme theory. Enzymes used in respiration: rubisco is the main one. ATP synthase can also be denatured.
- Explain the effects of limiting each of the three factors on the process of photosynthesis. It’s not enough to just say “it slows down.”
- This graph suggests that CO2 is more important than temperature. Why?
- Iron is limiting – seeding algae with iron stimulates algal blooms. Iron is used in ferroxidase – responsible for reduction of NADP+ in the light dependent reactions. Results with CO2 were short-term. Levels dropped in the immediate area, but the seeding is too expensive to work. Pros: possible reduced CO2 levels, algal blooms provide food for grazers and thus fisheries. Cons: large blooms block light to lower levels, may cause eutrophication; Diatoms block gills of some species; iron seeding may encourage blooms of toxic algae; who owns the ocean?