1. Cells
cell structure

2. Common Cell Traits
Cell membrane
•outer covering of cell
•made of one or more layers of
linked molecules
Cytoplasm
•inside every cell
•gelatin-like
•contains hereditary material that
controls the life of the cell

3. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long
human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on this i
human red blood cells is 1/10 the size of a human egg
cell
bacterium are even smaller
- 8000 can fit inside a human egg cell

5. cell types
PROKARYOTIC
CELLS
no membrane bound
structures
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
membrane-bound
structures

6. Cell Organization

7. cell wall
found in plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria
tough, rigid outer coverings that
protect the cell and give it shapeplant cell walls are
mainly made of
cellulose....which
is?
what makes the cell walls
rigid? Pectin and lignin!

9. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells
if a cell has a cell
wall, then the cell
membrane is
inside of it
what does it do? regulate
interactions between the cell
and the environment
water can move into
and out of cell
through the cell
membrane
food particles and some
molecules enter and waste
products leave through the
cell membrane

12. cytoplasm
gelatinlike substance
that fills cells which is
constantly moving
contains a
framework called
the cytoskeleton -
this helps maintain
or change the
shape of the cell
cytoskeleton
helps some cells
move
cytoskeleton is made up of thin, hollow tubes of
protein and thin, solid protein fibers

15. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage sites
★are surrounded by membranes
★nucleus is usually the largest organelle

16. nucleus
is surrounded by a membrane
directs all cell activities
DELI MANAGER
materials enter andleave through the
membrane
contains instructions
for everything in the
cell, which are found
on DNA
a nucleolus is also within the nucleus

18. energy-processing organelles
cells need energy to:
✤process food
✤make new substances
✤eliminate wastes
✤communicate with each other

19. PLANTS
๏food is made in green
organelles called
chloroplasts
๏contain green pigment
chlorophyll
๏chlorophyll captures light
energy that is used to make
glucose

20. ANIMALS
๏energy in food is stored until
it is released by the
mitochondria
๏organelles where energy is
released from the breakdown
of food into carbon dioxide
and water
๏muscle cells are more
active, so they contain more
mitochondria

21. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity
Proteins:
•part of cell membrane
•needed for chemical reactions that take place in the
cytoplasm
•are produced on small structures called ribosomes

22. ribosomesconsidered an organelle,
but they do not have a
membrane
some float freely in cytoplasm,
some attach to the endoplasmicreticulum
made in the
nucleolus
receive directions from
DNA on how, when, and
in what order to make
specific proteins

24. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) extends from the
nucleus to the cell
membrane
a series of folded membranes
materials can be
processed and
moved around inside
of the cell
rough
vs.
smooth
smooth ER process other
cellular substances such as
lipids that store energy
Rough ER make proteins
that are moved out of the
cell or used within the cell

26. golgi bodies proteins
are made
and sent to
the Golgi
bodies
Golgi bodies sort proteins and other
cellular substances and package them
into membrane-bound structures called
vesicles
vesicles deliver cellular substances to
areas inside the cell
Refrigerator - cells have membrane-bound
spaces called vacuoles for temporary storage of
materials (water, waste products, food, and
other cellular materials)

28. recycling organelles
active cells break
down and recycle
substances
lysosomes contain
digestive chemicals
that help break down
food molecules, cell
wastes, and worn-out
parts
lysosome membrane
keeps the chemicals
from leaking into the cell
when a cell dies a lysosome’s membrane
disintegrates, releasing digestive chemicals that
quickly breakdown the cell’s contents

29. organ system
tissue
cell