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Eye cell Egg cell Cheek cell Nerve cell Red Blood cell White Blood cell Sperm cell Hair cell
Cell Structure and Organisation
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Recall What are the parts of the cells that you have learnt? Are all the cells the same? How do cells work together?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What are cells? Light microscope Magnify up to 1000x Electron microscope Magnify up to 200,000x
Cross-section of an animal cell golgi body* rough endoplasmic reticulum* vacuole cell membrane ribosome* cytoplasm nucleus *can only be seen under an electron microscope nucleolus smooth endoplasmic reticulum* mitochondrion*
Parts of an animal cell Please refer to TB Pg 17 – 23 for more information. fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane; contains  water and food substances ; present as many small vacuoles Vacuole contains  genetic information (chromatin) , or instructions for making molecules (DNA) and  controls  all cell activities. nucleus breaks down  glucose to  release  energy (during cellular respiration). Mitochondrion (singular) Mitochondria (pl.) composed mostly of water, where most chemical reactions take place cytoplasm surrounds the cell as a  partially permeable  membrane;  controls  the entry and exit of substances cell surface membrane Functions Name
Parts of an animal cell Please refer to TB Pg 17 – 23 for more information. ,[object Object],[object Object],ribosomes stores and modifies  substances made by the ribosomes and package these substances in  vesicles  to secrete out of the cell. golgi bodies/golgi apparatus transports  proteins made by  ribosomes  that are attached to the RER to the golgi apparatus.  rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ,[object Object],[object Object],smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) a  network of membranes  within cytoplasm; consists of SER and RER Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Functions Name
cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (with bound ribosomes to make proteins for export) free ribosomes (to make proteins for own use) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Golgi Body and ER
Quick Check - Knowledge ,[object Object],2. Name the cell organelle in each electronmicrograph. cell surface membrane nucleus mitochondrion golgi body mitochondrion golgi body stores and modifies substances by the ER for  secretion out of the cell (d) releases energy during respiration (c) contains hereditary information (b) controls substances entering or leaving the  cell (a)
Cross-section of a plant Cell
Examples of plant cells chloroplasts guard cells mesophyll cells in leaf
 
Parts of a plant cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],present as  one large central  vacuole in plant cell (especially mature plant cells; contains  cell sap  which contains  dissolved substances  such as water, sugar, amino acids and mineral salts vacuole contains green pigment called  chlorophyll  (absorbs light energy); region where  photosynthesis  takes place chloroplast ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cell wall Functions Parts
Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Cell wall is present. Cell wall is absent. Chloroplasts are present. Chloroplast are absent. Centrioles are absent. Centrioles are present. A large central vacuole Many small vacuoles Animal Cell Plant Cell
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quick Check - Knowledge cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes small vacuoles large central vacuole, chloroplasts
[object Object],[object Object],Quick Check – Knowledge with Understanding Cell A: Plant Cell B: Animal Several membrane-like organelles scattered all over Several membrane-like organelles scattered all over Thin outer covering surrounding the cells Thick outer covering surrounding the cells Small fluid-filled cavities Large sap-filled portion A dark and dense structure near the middle of the cell A dark and dense structure at the side of the cell Cell B Cell A
GROUP WORK (10 minutes) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modification of Cells  ,[object Object],[object Object],neurone
Modification of Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Red Blood Cell cell membrane cytoplasm filled with haemoglobin Front View ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],centre is dented
Root Hair Cell root hairs
Root Hair Cell cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm vacuole nucleus Function: absorbs water and mineral salts from the surrounding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Xylem Vessel lignin
Xylem Vessel no cross wall, hollow lumen thick, lignified wall water and mineral salts travel upwards Longitudinal section Cross section ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organization of Cells cells tissues organs systems A group of similar or different cells work together for a specific function. E.g cardiac muscle Different tissues work together for a specific function.  E.g Heart Different organs work together to support the whole system. E.g. circulatory system The basic unit of living things. E.g. muscle cell organism Different systems work together to support the whole organism. E.g. Human
Are all organisms made of  many cells? amoeba – unicellular organism plants and animals – multicellular organisms

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Cell Structure and Organisation

  • 1. Eye cell Egg cell Cheek cell Nerve cell Red Blood cell White Blood cell Sperm cell Hair cell
  • 2. Cell Structure and Organisation
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Cross-section of an animal cell golgi body* rough endoplasmic reticulum* vacuole cell membrane ribosome* cytoplasm nucleus *can only be seen under an electron microscope nucleolus smooth endoplasmic reticulum* mitochondrion*
  • 7. Parts of an animal cell Please refer to TB Pg 17 – 23 for more information. fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane; contains water and food substances ; present as many small vacuoles Vacuole contains genetic information (chromatin) , or instructions for making molecules (DNA) and controls all cell activities. nucleus breaks down glucose to release energy (during cellular respiration). Mitochondrion (singular) Mitochondria (pl.) composed mostly of water, where most chemical reactions take place cytoplasm surrounds the cell as a partially permeable membrane; controls the entry and exit of substances cell surface membrane Functions Name
  • 8.
  • 9. cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (with bound ribosomes to make proteins for export) free ribosomes (to make proteins for own use) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
  • 11.
  • 12. Cross-section of a plant Cell
  • 13. Examples of plant cells chloroplasts guard cells mesophyll cells in leaf
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16. Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Cell wall is present. Cell wall is absent. Chloroplasts are present. Chloroplast are absent. Centrioles are absent. Centrioles are present. A large central vacuole Many small vacuoles Animal Cell Plant Cell
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Root Hair Cell root hairs
  • 25.
  • 27.
  • 28. Organization of Cells cells tissues organs systems A group of similar or different cells work together for a specific function. E.g cardiac muscle Different tissues work together for a specific function. E.g Heart Different organs work together to support the whole system. E.g. circulatory system The basic unit of living things. E.g. muscle cell organism Different systems work together to support the whole organism. E.g. Human
  • 29. Are all organisms made of many cells? amoeba – unicellular organism plants and animals – multicellular organisms

Editor's Notes

  1. Need to take note to the students that this picture is only possible in electron microscope. Circle the diagram
  2. All these organelles have been taught in sec 1, so we Test the students for the equation for cellular respiration glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + energy
  3. Test the students for the equation for cellular respiration glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + energy Golgi bodies also known as golgi apparatus
  4. A clearer picture of how the cell look like under electron microscope, show the different between membrane bound ribosomes and free ribosome
  5. Test the students for the equation for cellular respiration glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + energy Golgi bodies also known as golgi apparatus
  6. Allow students to work in pair to come up with the differences between plant cell and animal cell