Asexual reproduction allows organisms to reproduce without meiosis and fertilization, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It occurs through various methods like fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, and cloning. Fission involves a prokaryotic cell splitting into two identical daughter cells. Budding occurs when an outgrowth from the parent develops into a new individual. Regeneration involves regrowing a new individual from a fragment of the parent. Vegetative reproduction is seen in plants that produce new individuals from stems, leaves, or other vegetative plant structures. Cloning produces genetically identical copies in a laboratory setting. Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth without locating a mate. [/SUMMARY]
This power point is prepared to made easy to understand the method of asexual reproduction for students.
This is a quick review which may save your time...
Enjoy... :)
this is about a topic which is very important for the students in 8th class and all should concerntrate on this topic and for plants i have made a good explanation in a better way for you.i will wait for your comments in this topic see you soon .after seeing the ppt please try to make another ppt for your better understanding.
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the capacity of all living things to give rise to new living things. It includes the transmission of hereditary material from the parent/parents.
The two types of reproduction are:
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Is the simplest form of reproduction. Occurs in plants, animals, bacteria, and protists Requires one parent. Is more reliable than sexual reproduction. Doesn’t allow for any type of genetic variation.
TYPES
Sporulation
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Binary Fission
Budding
Vegetative propagation
SPORULATION
Spore is a reproductive cell that produces a new organism.
Spores are unicellular if conditions are right a spore will develop into a new individual.
They can be carried by the wind, water, or animals
FRAGMENTATION
When a organism is broken into more than one part.
Organism must have good regeneration abilities.
Create many new organisms quickly.
REGENERATION
An organism can replace/re-grow an injured or lost part
Regeneration in plants from
Roots
Stem
leaf
Regeneration in animals
For simple organisms
No vertebrates have this power
Examples are starfish and the salamander
BINARY FISSION
One parent dividing into two by mitosis
Offspring are always genetically identical
Cells may stay close together to form filaments or colonies
Examples-Bacteria and Amoebas
BUDDING
Form on part of the parent by growing an outgrowth which then detaches
Example- is Hydra and Yeast
Offspring will always be genetically identical to the parent
VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION
Plant parts make new plant
Reproduction is very quick
Disadvantage: many plants grow close to each other
Bulbs
– Underground stem
– Surrounded by colorless leaves
– Colorless leaves protect the bulb
– The green leaves store the food
Rhizomes
– Underground stem
– They store food for new plant
– At the end of Rhizomes nodes
Runners(strawberries)
– They are above ground.
– Stems – Nodes form at the end of Runners
– They grow outward
Tuber (potatoes)
– Underground stem
– Stores food
– The nodes eat the tuber
– Potatoes have eyes / buds to make new tubers and or reproduce
Grafting
– Surgically connecting two similar plants
– Ex. Apples – Not done naturally
Cutting
– Cutting off a stem or leaf to reproduce a new plant
– Must be in wet or moist area
– Combination of regeneration and fragmentation
– Not done naturally
Cloning
What is cloning?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Unit 4, Lesson 4.5 - Sexual Reproduction in Animalsjudan1970
Unit 4, Lesson 4.5 - Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Lesson Outline:
1. Internal and External Fertilization
2. Internal and External Development
3. Sexual Reproduction Among Some Animals
4. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
This presentation contains the Reproduction system of angiospermic plant, along with the production of the 2 gamets and it's fertilization and different pathways of the fertilization and factors affecting it(and much more).
This power point is prepared to made easy to understand the method of asexual reproduction for students.
This is a quick review which may save your time...
Enjoy... :)
this is about a topic which is very important for the students in 8th class and all should concerntrate on this topic and for plants i have made a good explanation in a better way for you.i will wait for your comments in this topic see you soon .after seeing the ppt please try to make another ppt for your better understanding.
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the capacity of all living things to give rise to new living things. It includes the transmission of hereditary material from the parent/parents.
The two types of reproduction are:
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Is the simplest form of reproduction. Occurs in plants, animals, bacteria, and protists Requires one parent. Is more reliable than sexual reproduction. Doesn’t allow for any type of genetic variation.
TYPES
Sporulation
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Binary Fission
Budding
Vegetative propagation
SPORULATION
Spore is a reproductive cell that produces a new organism.
Spores are unicellular if conditions are right a spore will develop into a new individual.
They can be carried by the wind, water, or animals
FRAGMENTATION
When a organism is broken into more than one part.
Organism must have good regeneration abilities.
Create many new organisms quickly.
REGENERATION
An organism can replace/re-grow an injured or lost part
Regeneration in plants from
Roots
Stem
leaf
Regeneration in animals
For simple organisms
No vertebrates have this power
Examples are starfish and the salamander
BINARY FISSION
One parent dividing into two by mitosis
Offspring are always genetically identical
Cells may stay close together to form filaments or colonies
Examples-Bacteria and Amoebas
BUDDING
Form on part of the parent by growing an outgrowth which then detaches
Example- is Hydra and Yeast
Offspring will always be genetically identical to the parent
VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION
Plant parts make new plant
Reproduction is very quick
Disadvantage: many plants grow close to each other
Bulbs
– Underground stem
– Surrounded by colorless leaves
– Colorless leaves protect the bulb
– The green leaves store the food
Rhizomes
– Underground stem
– They store food for new plant
– At the end of Rhizomes nodes
Runners(strawberries)
– They are above ground.
– Stems – Nodes form at the end of Runners
– They grow outward
Tuber (potatoes)
– Underground stem
– Stores food
– The nodes eat the tuber
– Potatoes have eyes / buds to make new tubers and or reproduce
Grafting
– Surgically connecting two similar plants
– Ex. Apples – Not done naturally
Cutting
– Cutting off a stem or leaf to reproduce a new plant
– Must be in wet or moist area
– Combination of regeneration and fragmentation
– Not done naturally
Cloning
What is cloning?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Unit 4, Lesson 4.5 - Sexual Reproduction in Animalsjudan1970
Unit 4, Lesson 4.5 - Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Lesson Outline:
1. Internal and External Fertilization
2. Internal and External Development
3. Sexual Reproduction Among Some Animals
4. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
This presentation contains the Reproduction system of angiospermic plant, along with the production of the 2 gamets and it's fertilization and different pathways of the fertilization and factors affecting it(and much more).
defined as a biological process in
which an organism gives rise to
young ones (offspring) similar to
itself.
Asexual reproduction:
Offsprings produced by single
parents.
Without involvement of gamete
formation
Offsprings are genetically
identical to their parentsCell division as a method of asexual
reproduction as in Protista and monera.
Binary fission e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium.
Budding: e.g. yeast.
Asexual reproductive structures:
Zoospores: aquatic fungi, Chlamydomonas.
Conidia: Penicillium.
Bud: Hydra
Gemmules: sponges.
Vegetative propagation units in plant:
(Vegetative propagules)
Runner, rhizome, sucker, tuber, offset, bulb.
How Do Organisms Reproduce ? - Class 10 CBSE science (BIo)Amit Choube
Reproduction is an integral feature of all living beings. The process by which a living being produces its own like is called reproduction.
Importance of Reproduction:
Reproduction is important for each species, because this is the only way for a living being to continue its lineage. Apart from being important for a particular individual, reproduction is also important for the whole ecosystem. Reproduction helps in maintaining a proper balance among various biotic constituents of the ecosystem. Moreover, reproduction also facilitates evolution because variations come through reproduction; over several generations.
REPRODUCTION PROCESS IN ANIMALS AND MEN EXPLAINED COMPLETELY
CHECK FOR GOOD RESULTS
EXPLAINED WITH DIAGRAMS SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION]
TYPES OF REPRODUCTION,REGENERATION AND FRAGMENTATION ARE EXPLAINED BRIEFLY.
DNA REPRODUCTION,VEGTATIVE PROPAGATION AND POLLINATION PROCESS EXPLAINED
REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN BEINGS EXPLAINED FULLY FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. What is asexual reproduc
tion?
‣ In asexual reproduction, one parent organism
produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization.
‣ Offspring produced by asexual reproduction inherit
all of their DNA from one parent. Therefore, they
are genetically the same as each other and their
parent.
3. What is asexual reproduc
tion?
‣ You have seen the results of asexual reproduction
if you have ever seen mold on bread or fruit.
‣ Mold is a type of fungus that can reproduce either
sexually or asexually.
4. What is asexual reproduc
tion?
‣ Asexual reproduction is different from sexual
reproduction.
‣ Remember that sexual reproduction involves two
parent organisms and the processes of meiosis
and fertilization. Offspring inherit half of their DNA
from each parent, resulting in genetic variation
among the offspring.
5. Who reproduces asexually?
‣ There are many different types of organisms that
reproduce asexually.
‣ Not only fungi, but also bacteria, protists, plants,
and animals can reproduce asexually.
6. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣ MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING (plant and animal)
7. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Prokaryotic cells, such as a
bacterial cell, have a simpler
cell structure than a eukaryotic
cell.
‣ A prokaryote’s DNA is not
contained in a nucleus. For this
reason, mitosis does not
occur.
‣ Remember, what is the
definition of mitosis?
8. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Cell division in a prokaryote is
a simpler process than in a
eukaryote.
‣ Cell division in prokaryotes that
forms two genetically identical
cells is known as fission.
9. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
10. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Fission begins when a
prokaryote’s DNA is copied.
‣ Each copy attaches to the
cell membrane.
‣ Then the cell
begins to grow
longer. The two
copies of DNA
are pulled apart.
11. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ At the same time, the cell
membrane starts to pinch
inward along the middle of the
cell.
‣ Finally the cell splits and forms
two new identical offspring.
12. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣ FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ The original cell no longer
exists. Fission makes it
possible for prokaryotes to
divide rapidly.
13. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ Many unicellular
eukaryotes, such as
amoebas, reproduce by
mitotic cell division.
‣ In this type of asexual
reproduction, an organism
forms two offspring
through mitosis and cell
division.
14. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
‣
‣
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ The nucleus of the cell
divides by mitosis.
‣ Next, the cytoplasm and its
contents divide through
cytokinesis.
‣ Two new amoebas form.
15. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ BUDDING
‣
‣
‣
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ In budding, a new organism
grows by mitosis & cell division
on the body of its parent.
‣ The bud, or offspring, is
genetically identical to its
parent.
‣ When the bud is large enough, it
can break from the parent and
live on its own.
16. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
‣
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ BUDDING
17. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
‣
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ BUDDING
‣ Organisms such as yeasts,
which are fungi, reproduce
through budding.
18. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
‣ BUDDING
‣
‣
‣
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Sometimes the bud stays attached
to the parent and starts to form a
colony. Corals are animals that
form colonies through budding.
19. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ Another type of asexual
reproduction is
regeneration.
‣ It occurs when an
offspring grows from a
piece of its parent.
20. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Animals that can
reproduce asexually
through regeneration
include sponges, sea stars,
and planarians.
21. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ If the arms are separated
from the parent sea star,
each of these arms has
the potential to grow into
a new organism.
‣ To regenerate a new sea
star, the arm must have a
part of the central disk of
the parent.
22. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ If conditions are right, one
five-armed sea star can
produce five new
organisms.
‣ As with all types of
asexual reproduction, the
offspring are genetically
the same as the parent.
23. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
24. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
‣
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ Some animals can
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
regenerate a lost or
damaged body part.
newt
hydra
zebra fish
tadpole
salamander
crab
25. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
‣ Even humans are able to
regenerate some damaged
‣ ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
body parts, such as:
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣
‣ the skin and the liver.
‣ This type of regeneration is
not considered asexual
reproduction. It does not
produce a new organism.
26. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ Plants can also reproduce asexually in a process
similar to regeneration.
‣ Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual
reproduction in which offspring grow from part of
a parent plant.
27. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣
CLONING (plant and animal)
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ Strawberries,
raspberries,
potatoes, and
geraniums are other
plants that can
reproduce this way.
28. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ The strawberry plant
sends out long stems
called stolons.
‣ Wherever a stolon
touches the ground, it
can produce roots.
29. F
orms of asexual reproduc
tion
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
‣ VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣
CLONING (plant and animal)
‣ Once a stolon grows
roots, a new plant
can grow, even if the
stolon breaks off
from the parent plant.
‣ Each new plant
grown from a stolen
is genetically identical
to the parent plant.
30. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING
- plant and animal
‣ Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction performed
in laboratories.
‣ It produces identical individuals from a cell or from a
cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism.
‣ Farmers and scientists often clone cells or
organisms that have desirable traits.
31. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING - plant
and animal
‣ Some plants can be cloned from just a few cells
using a method called a tissue culture.
‣ Tissue cultures make it possible for plant growers
and scientists to make many copies of a plant with
desirable traits.
32. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING - plant
and animal
‣ The new plants are genetically the same as the
parent plant.
‣ Also, cloning produces plants more quickly than
vegetative reproduction does.
33. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING - plant
and animal
‣ A plant might be infected with a disease. To clone
such a plant, a scientist can use cells from the
meristem of the plant. Cells in meristems are
disease-free. Therefore, if a plant becomes
diseased, it can be cloned using meristem cells.
34. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
animal
‣ In addition to cloning plants, scientists have been
able to clone many animals.
‣ All of a clone’s chromosomes come from one
parent, the donor of the nucleus. This means that
the clone is genetically the same as its parent.
‣ The first mammal cloned was a sheep named Dolly.
35. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣ The first step in
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
cloning Dolly was to
animal
remove cells from a
sheep.
36. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣ DNA was then
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
removed from an
animal
unfertilized egg of a
second sheep.
37. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣ In a laboratory, the cells
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
were combined and the
animal
new cell had the DNA
from the first sheep.
38. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣ The cell developed into
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
an embryo. The embryo
animal
was then placed in a third
sheep.
39. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
‣ The cloned sheep
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
developed inside the third
animal
sheep and was later born.
40. CLoning
‣
‣
‣
‣
‣
FISSION
MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
BUDDING
ANIMAL REGENERATION
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
‣ CLONING -
plant and
animal
‣ Scientists are working to save some endangered
species from extinction by cloning.
‣ Some people are concerned about the cost and
ethical issues of cloning.
‣ Ethical issues include the possibility of human
cloning.
42. Advan
tages of Asexual Reproduc
tion
‣ One advantage of asexual reproduction is that an
organism can reproduce without a mate. Recall that
finding a mate takes time and energy.
‣ Another advantage is that some organisms can
quickly produce a large number of offspring. For
example, crabgrass reproduces by underground
stolons. This enables one plant to spread and
colonize an area in a short period of time.
43. Disadvan
tages of Asexual Reproduc
tion
‣ Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are
genetically the same as the parent. This results in little
genetic variation within a population.
‣ Genetic variation can give organisms a better chance of
surviving if the environment changes. Imagine that all of
the crabgrass plants in a lawn are genetically the same.
‣ If a weed killer can kill the parent plant, then it can kill all
of the crabgrass plants in the lawn.
‣ This might be good for the lawn, but it is a disadvantage
for the crabgrass.
44. Disadvan
tages of Asexual Reproduc
tion
‣ Another disadvantage involves genetic changes
called mutations.
‣ A harmful mutation passed to asexually reproduced
offspring could affect the offspring’s ability to
survive.
