The document summarizes the key cells found in major human organs and tissues. It describes the mitochondria, intercalated disks, and T-tubules that give heart cells their unique properties. Liver cells include hepatocytes for protein synthesis and recycling, Kupffer cells which are specialized macrophages, and stellate cells which are part of the nervous system. Skin contains melanocytes for producing melanin pigment, Langerhans cells which interact with the immune system, and Merkel cells in hairless skin. Muscle cells contain myofibrils with actin and myosin filaments that power contraction. Blood contains red blood cells, platelets, and five types of white blood cells - neutrophils, eosinoph

1. Human’s Cells
By
Christian Dennis, SharineSinaga, Kelvin
Prihadi

2. Content
Heart Intestine
Liver Stomach
Blood Kidney
Skin Ovum
Muscle Sperm
Neuron

3. Heart
Scientists consider heart cells a part of the muscle cell family, though with
unique differences in mitochondria, intercalated disks and t-tubes, as well
as in cellular growth.
Mitochondria
Unlike other muscle cells, heart cells are highly resistant to fatigue
because they have more mitochondria organelles than any other cell in the
body.
Intercalated disks
Intercalated disks regulate the passage of positive and negative electrons.
As electric currents repel and attract, it causes electron depolarization,
which regulates heartbeat contractions.
T-Tubules
Plasma membranes that surround each cell and organize them into pairs
to create the striated muscles strands used to build the myocardium

4. Liver
Hepatocytes
Hepatocytesare the main cell for protein synthesis. They are also responsible
for recycling lipoproteins.
Kupffer Cells
Kupffercells are specialized macrophages. A macrophage is a cell that is a part
of the immune system.
StellateCells
Stellatecells are part of the nervous system. They innervate the organ to
provide a connection between the brain and the liver. It helps with pain
and sensory information from the liver to provide communication
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are located in most human cells, but there is an elevated
number in liver cells. Mitochondria play a large role in metabolism of
proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.

5. Skin
Melanocytes: The main function of melanocytes is to produce
melanin, which is responsible for the colour of our skin
Langerhans Cells arise from bone marrow and migrate to the
epidermis. Langerhans cells interact with white blood cells
called "helper T cells" in immune responses and are easily
damaged by UV radiation
Merkel Cells: Merkel cells are located in the deepest layer
(stratum basale) of the epidermis of hairless skin, where they
are attached to keratinocytes by desmosomes.
Dermo-epidermal JunctionThe Epidermis and Dermis are
separated by the Dermo-Epithelial Junction. This junction holds
the epidermis and dermis together and this is achieved by
various fibers including collagen and desmosomes.
.

6. Muscle
Muscle is composed of thousands of muscle fibers,
each composed of a single muscle cell. A muscle cell
contains a series of ultramicroscopic filaments called
myofibrils. Each myofibril is a muscle cell that
contains units called sarcomeres.
Sarcomerescontain thick microfilaments composed of
the protein myosin. Sarcomeres also contain thin
microfilaments composed of the protein actin. The
actin and myosin filaments are arranged parallel to
one another, with the myosin filaments' molecular
“heads” protruding toward the actin filaments.
.

7. Blood
NEUTROPHIL
This granulocyte has very tiny light staining
granules. The nucleus is frequently multi-lobed
with lobes connected by thin strands of nuclear
material. These cells are capable of
phagocytizing foreign cells, toxins, and viruses.

8. Blood
T
EOSINOPHIL
his granulocyte has large granules (A) which are
acidophilic and appear pink (or red) in a stained
preparation. This micrograph was color
enhanced to illustrate this feature. The nucleus
often has two lobes connected by a band of
nuclear material.

9. Blood
BASOPHIL
The basophilic granules in this cell are large, stain deep
blue to purple, and are often so numerous they mask the
nucleus. These granules contain histamines (cause
vasodilation) and heparin (anticoagulant).

10. Blood
LYMPHOCYTE
The lymphocyte is an agranular cell with very clear
cytoplasm which stains pale blue. Its nucleus is very large
for the size of the cell and stains dark purple. (Notice that
the nucleus almost fills the cell leaving a very thin rim of
cytoplasm.) This cell is much smaller than the three
granulocytes (which are all about the same size). These
cells play an important role in our immune response.

11. Blood
MONOCYTE This cell is the largest of the
leukocytes and is agranular. The nucleus is most
often "U" or kidney bean shaped; the cytoplasm
is abundant and light blue. These cells leave the
blood streamto become macrophages. As a
monocyte or macrophage, these cells are
phagocytic and defend the body against viruses
and bacteria.

12. Blood
ERYTHROCYTE The background cells in
this micrograph are erythrocytes (red blood
cells). These cells are non-nucleated, biconcave
discs that are filled with hemoglobin. The primary
function of these cells is to carry oxygen from the
lungs to the body cells.

13. Blood
THROMBOCYTES – PLATELETS
Platelets, which are cell fragments. Platelets are important
for proper blood clotting. Each cubic millimeter of blood
should contain 250,000 to 500,000 of these. If the number
is too high, spontaneous clotting may occur. If the number
is too low, clotting may not occur when necessary.

14. Intestine
Along the whole length of the gut in the glandular
epithelium are goblet cells. These secrete mucus
which lubricates the passage of food along and
protects it from digestive enzymes.

15. Ovum
The ovum is one of the largest cells in the human
body, typically visible to the naked eye without
the aid of a microscope or other magnification
device.
The human ovum measures 120 µm in diameter.

16. Sperm
Motile sperm cells of algae and seedless
plants.Motile sperm cells typically move via
flagella and require water in order to swim toward
the egg for fertilization. These cells cannot swim
backwards due to the nature of their propulsion.
Non-motile sperm cells called spermatia lack
flagella and therefore cannot swim. Spermatia
are produced in a spermatangium.

17. Kidney
Kidney glomerulus parietal cell
Kidney glomerulus podocyte
Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Loop of Henle thin segment cell
Thick ascending limb cell
Kidney distal tubule cell
Kidney collecting duct cellInterstitial kidney cell

18. Neuron
Nucleus : contains genetic material (chromosomes) including information
for cell development and synthesis of proteins necessary for cell
maintenance and survival. Covered by a membrane.
Nucleolus : produces ribosomes necessary for translation of genetic
information into proteins
Nissl Bodies : groups of ribosomes used for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum : system of tubes for transport of materials within
cytoplasm. Can have ribosomes (rough ER) or no ribosomes. With
ribosomes, the ER is important for protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus : membrane-bound structure important in packaging
peptides and proteins (including neurotransmitters) into vesicles.
Microfilaments/Neurotubules : system of transport for materials within a
neuron and may be used for structural support.
Mitochondria : produce energy to fuel cellular activities.

19. Stomach
Mucous cells: secrete an alkaline mucus that
protects the epithelium against shear stress and
acid
Parietal cells: secrete hydrochloric acid!
Chief cells: secrete pepsin, a proteolyticenzyme
G cells: secrete the hormone gastrin

20. Thank You