The document covers the fundamental concepts of cell theory, detailing that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life. It distinguishes between prokaryotic cells (without a nucleus) and eukaryotic cells (with a nucleus), and outlines the various parts of eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus, organelles, and cell membrane. Additionally, it highlights the vital functions that differentiate living from non-living things, emphasizing the roles of nutrition, interaction, and reproduction.

1. THE CELL The Cell Theory. Types of cells. Parts of a cell. Fernando Gómez A cell by * quick2004

2. All things on earth can be classified into 2 groups. Can you group these items into these 2 main groups? LIVING or NON LIVING Record your answers in your journal.

3. All things on earth are either living or non-living .

4. All living things are made of one basic unit. Can you name it?

5. In your journal, write a paragraph about how living things are different from non-living things. Be sure to include information about the basic unit of life.

6. The Vital Functions : When speaking about the difference between living and non-living things we have to appeal to the vital functions , that is: Nutrition Interaction and Reproduction.

7. Cells are the basic unit of life . This is a single cell of a living thing.

8. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

9. Cells Cells are the basic units of all living things… if it is alive it has cells

10. Cells pictures

11. Cell size

12. Hooke´s microscope

15. CELL THEORY A theory resulting from many scientists’ observations & conclusions Slide from: http://www.worldofteaching.com Schwann Schleiden Virchow

16. CELL THEORY 1. The basic unit of life is the cell . ( Hooke ) In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls Hooke named what he saw "cells" Slide from: http://www.worldofteaching.com

17. CELL THEORY 2. All living things are made of 1 or more cells . Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants) Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals) stated that all living things were made of cells Schleiden Schwann Slide from: http://www.worldofteaching.com

18. CELL THEORY 3. All cells divide & come from old cells . ( Virchow ) Virchow

19. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes CELLS Cell membrane Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell = with nucleus Prokaryotic cell = without nucleus Prokaryotic cell

20. What are the main parts of a cell? Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

21. Plant Cell Section 7-2 artists rendition of the plant cell Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole

22. artists rendition of an animal cell Animal cell

25. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

26. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Without nucleus With nucleus

27. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

28. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

29. “ Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

30. “ Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

31. A section through a liver cell (animal cell)- Guess the function of… Slide taken from clickbiology.com controls what enters and leaves the cell metabolic (chemical) reactions occur here contains the DNA and so controls the cell contains the coded instructions to make proteins cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus DNA

32. Section through a palisade cell of a leaf (plant cell). Slide taken from clickbiology.com cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm chloroplast large sap vacuole cellulose cell wall

33. Comparing animal and plant cells Slide taken from clickbiology.com Found in both animal and plant cells Found only in plant cells cell membrane cellulose cell wall nucleus large sap vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast

34. Cell Parts Organelles

35. Surrounding the Cell

36. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

37. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria It is made of cellulose. It supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

38. Inside the Cell

39. Cytoplasm Collective term for cytosol and organelles

40. Cytoskeleton - Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

41. Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

42. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

43. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

44. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

45. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

46. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

47. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

48. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

49. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

50. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

51. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage , digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

52. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

53. Centrioles Centrioles are found in animal cells and help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division .