1. BLOOD

3. •Blood transports many substances through your body.
•blood carries oxygen to and carbon dioxide from your lungs.
•Blood also picks up nutrients in the small intestine and carries
them to all body cells.
•It transport hormones that are produced by the endocrine
system.
•Blood carries waste products to the excretory system.
•Most of the substances are dissolved in the liquid part of blood.
Functions of Blood: Transportation

4. •Some blood cells fight infection.
•They help protect you from harmful organisms, such as
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
•Blood also contains materials that help repair torn blood
vessels and heal wounds.
•When you get a cut or a scrape, materials in your blood help
protect your body from losing too much blood.
Functions of Blood: Protection

5. •Blood helps your body stay at a temperature of about 37C.
•Blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate or constrict
to release or retain body heat.
Functions of Blood: Temp. Regulation

6. •Blood is always red - bright red when it is oxygenated and a darker
red when it's lacking oxygen.
•Deoxygenated blood just “looks” blue because you're seeing it through
your skin.
•Oxygen poor blood is most definitely NOT blue. It is a sort of purplish/
maroon colour at best.
•To see the vein at all, light has to go THROUGH the skin and hit the
blood in the vein. The blood absorbs certain colours of light, and
reflects others back through the skin. For some reason, the
combination of these effects gives a blue color.
Colour of Blood: Red? Blue?

7. •Blood is always red - bright red when it is oxygenated and a darker
red when it's lacking oxygen.
•Deoxygenated blood just “looks” blue because you're seeing it through
your skin.
•Oxygen poor blood is most definitely NOT blue. It is a sort of purplish/
maroon colour at best.
•To see the vein at all, light has to go THROUGH the skin and hit the
blood in the vein. The blood absorbs certain colours of light, and
reflects others back through the skin. For some reason, the
combination of these effects gives a blue color.
Colour of Blood: Red? Blue?

8. •On average, about 8% of your body weight is blood.
•Therefore….60kg *0.08 = 4.8kg
•You have about 6.67 L of blood.
How much blood do you have?

9. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
What is in your blood?

10. What is in your blood?

11. What’s in your blood
•Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•Liquid part of blood
•Mostly water
•Makes up more than half the volume
of blood (55%)
•Nutrients, minerals, oxygen and
wastes are dissolved in plasma

12. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•Irregularly shaped cell fragments
•Help clot blood
▫They plug holes in small vessels.
▫They release chemicals that help form
filaments of fibrin.
•A cubic millimeter of blood has…..
•400,000 platelets
•Life span: 5-9 days
What’s in your blood

13. Blood Clotting
•What stops the bleeding?
•Platelets stick to the wound and release chemicals.
•Then clotting factors carry out a series of
chemical reactions.

14. •The reactions cause
threadlike fibers called
fibrin to form a sticky
net.
•The net traps escaping
blood cells and plasma
and forms a clot.
Blood Clotting

15. •The reactions cause
threadlike fibers called
fibrin to form a sticky
net.
•The net traps escaping
blood cells and plasma
and forms a clot.
Blood Clotting

16. •Once the clot becomes hard, skin cells begin to
reform under the scab.
•Eventually the scab is lifted off, revealing
fresh, new skin!
Blood Clotting

17. •What if you can’t clot??
•You have a genetic disorder called hemophilia.
•You lack one of the clotting factors that begin
the clotting process.
Blood Clotting

19. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
▫Red Blood Cells are disk-shaped blood
cells that have no nuclei and contain
hemoglobin.
▫Hemoglobin carries oxygen and some
carbon dioxide (the rest of the CO2 is
carried in the cytoplasm of the red blood
cell)
▫Hemoglobin is made of an iron compound
that gives blood its red colour.
What’s in your blood

20. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•The life span of a red blood cell is 120
days (4 months)
•They are made at a rate of 2-3 million
per second. WOW!!!
•Where are they made? Bone Marrow
•RBC are also destroyed at about the
same rate, 2-3 million per second
•1 cubic millimeter of blood has 5 million
red blood cells!!! WOW!!
What’s in your blood

21. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•We have approximately 25-30 trillion
RBC in our bodies at any given time.
•Each RBC has 250 million hemoglobin
molecules.
•Every hemoglobin can hold 4 O2
molecules.
•How many O2 molecules can one RBC
carry?
•One Billion!!!
What’s in your blood

22. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•1 cubic millimeter of blood has
only 5,000 to 10,000 white blood
cells.
•Function: fight bacteria, viruses
and other invaders.
•Your body produces more white
blood cells when invaders enter
your body.
What’s in your blood

23. •Plasma
•Platelets
•Red blood cells
•White blood cells
•WBC Leave blood through the
capillary walls and go into the
tissues that have been invaded.
•Here they fight the intruder.
•Life span: few days to many
months.
•There are several types, sizes, and
shapes of white blood cells.
What’s in your blood

24. Blood Types
•There are 4 different blood
types:
•a, b, ab and o
•Types a, b and ab have chemical identification tags
called antigens on their red blood cells. Type O red
blood cells have no antigens.

25. Blood Types
•Each blood type has specific antibodies in its plasma.
They are proteins in your plasma that destroy or
neutralize substances that do not belong to your body.
•Because of this, certain blood types cannot mix. If type
A is mixed with type B blood, the type A antibodies
determine that the type B does not belong there. The
antibodies will cause the type B red blood cells to
clump.

26. Blood Types
•What would happen if type AB had antibodies?

27. Blood Types

28. Rh Factor
•Another chemical id tag in blood is the Rh factor.
•If the Rh factor is on red blood cells, the person has Rh-
positive (Rh +) blood.
•If the Rh factor is not on the red blood cells, the person
has Rh-negative (Rh - ) blood.
•If an Rh- person receives a blood transfusion from an Rh
+ person, he or she will produce antibodies against the
Rh+ factor. Clots will then form in the blood vessels and
the person will die.

29. Rh Factor
•If an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby, the
mother might make antibodies to the child’s Rh factor.
Close to the time of birth, Rh antibodies from the mother
can pass from her blood into the baby’s blood.
•These antibodies can destroy the baby’s red blood cells.
•If this occurs, the baby will have to receive a blood
transfusion before or after the birth.

30. Rh Factor
•But at 28 weeks, the mother can receive an injection that
blocks the production of antibodies to the Rh+ factor.
•These injections prevent the life-threatening situation.

31. Diseases of Blood
•Leukemia
▫a disease in which one or more types of white blood cells
are made in excessive numbers.
▫These cells are immature and do not fight infections well.
▫they fill the bone marrow and crowd out the normal
cells.
▫Then not enough red & white blood cells and platelets
can be made.

32. Diseases of Blood
•Leukemia
▫Types of leukemia affect children or adults.
▫medicines, blood transfusions, and bone marrow
transplants are used to treat this disease.

33. Diseases of Blood
•Anemia
▫Anemia is a disease of the Red Blood CElls, in which body
cells can’t get enough oxygen and are unable to carry on
their usual activities.
▫Causes:
๏Loss of blood
๏diet lacking iron or certain vitamins
๏side effect of the treatment of another disease

34. Diseases of Blood
•Anemia
▫One type of anemia results from the disease Sickle Cell
Anemia, a recessive genetic disorder.
▫In sickle cell anemia the red blood cells are abnormally
shaped and cannot carry oxygen properly.