Cell structure 7th grade chapter 8
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This document describes the structures and organelles found within cells. It compares the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and then defines and explains the functions of various cell organelles including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, vacuoles, and lysosomes. It concludes by explaining how cells work together in tissues, organs, and organ systems within multicellular organisms.
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This document discusses the organelles and their functions in cells. It identifies the key organelles as the cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, chromosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, and plastids. It then provides more details on the locations and functions of each organelle, such as that the nucleus controls the cell and contains chromosomes and nucleoli, mitochondria produce energy, and chloroplasts trap sunlight and produce food in plant cells.
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The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles and have a nucleus. The main organelles of a eukaryotic cell and their functions are: the nucleus which contains the cell's DNA; mitochondria which produce energy; the endoplasmic reticulum which transports materials; and lysosomes which digest waste. Plant cells also contain chloroplasts which perform photosynthesis and a large central vacuole for storage.
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Cell organelles have specialized functions within cells. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins and detoxifies toxins, and mitochondria produce energy through respiration. Other organelles like chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the cell membrane have important roles in photosynthesis, digestion, storage, and boundary definition.
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All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
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– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
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1. All living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest units capable of performing life functions.
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Cell structure & functions for class 9 by Susanta Kumar Panda
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Similar to Cell structure 7th grade chapter 8
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The document discusses cellular structure and function. It covers the history of cell discovery from Leeuwenhoek to Virchow. It describes the key components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, and differences between plant and animal cells. It also explains different types of cellular transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
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Cells are small to maintain a high surface area to volume ratio which allows for efficient exchange of substances. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are smaller and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are larger and have membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Key organelles in eukaryotic cells include the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, and vacuoles.
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The document outlines the key organelles found within plant and animal cells and their functions. It describes the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and lysosomes. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The mitochondria produce energy for the cell and are abundant in muscle cells. Plant cells contain organelles like chloroplasts and vacuoles not found in animal cells.
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This document provides an overview of eukaryotic cell structure and organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells. The organelles each have specific functions like the cytoskeleton providing structure, mitochondria generating energy, and the Golgi complex packaging and transporting materials within the cell. Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall and central vacuole in addition to these common eukaryotic organellar structures and functions.
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The document describes the organelles found in animal and plant cells. In animal cells, the nucleus contains DNA, the cytoplasm protects cell parts, and the cell membrane controls movement into and out of the cell. Other animal cell organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum which transports materials, lysosomes which digest materials, vacuoles which store materials, mitochondria which produce energy, ribosomes which make proteins, and the Golgi body which sorts and packages materials. Plant cells have additional organelles including a cell wall which protects the cell and allows movement of materials, and chloroplasts which produce food for the plant cell using chlorophyll.
Cell part powerpoint
The document describes the major organelles found within cells and their functions. It discusses the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, lysosomes, and cell wall. The key roles of these organelles include controlling transport into and out of the cell, housing genetic material, distributing materials, producing proteins, generating energy, photosynthesis, storage, and structural support.
Physiology of Cell, Tissues, Membranes and Glands.ppt
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. They come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The main parts of a cell include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. The cytoplasm contains cytosol and various organelles that carry out important functions. Organelles can be non-membranous like the cytoskeleton or membranous like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria. The plasma membrane separates the intracellular and extracellular environments and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Cells and their organelles
There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound organelles and eukaryotic cells which contain organelles enclosed in membranes. Eukaryotic cells can be either animal or plant cells. Both contain organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts and have a cell wall and central vacuole, while animal cells do not have these structures. The organelles work together to carry out essential functions like DNA storage, protein production, photosynthesis, and transport within the cell.
Biology 189 the_cell_spring_2012.ppt
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It covers several key points:
1) Cells are the fundamental unit of life, and there are two main types - prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells which do have organelles like the nucleus.
2) Both cell types contain ribosomes for protein synthesis, but eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and lysosomes which carry out specialized functions.
3) The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, and the cytoskeleton provides structure and allows movement within the cell
Inside the cell
There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei, while eukaryotic cells are more complex with organelles and nuclei. All cells share some basic components, including a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes. Eukaryotic cells contain additional specialized structures called organelles that carry out specific functions.
4a Cell Structure and Function
Cell organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, vacuoles, the Golgi body, and the nucleus are described and their functions outlined. Mitochondria produce energy, chloroplasts perform photosynthesis, and ribosomes build proteins. The main differences between plant and animal cells are that plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells do not.
2.1 Cells
Cells have a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and organelles. The cytoplasm contains a cytoskeleton that maintains the cell's shape. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, and lysosomes perform specialized functions inside the cell. Plant cells additionally have a cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells rely on mitochondria to produce energy from food.
Cell Organelles
The document summarizes the structure and function of key cell organelles. It describes that plant, fungi, and algae cells have cell walls made of cellulose that provide support. All cells have a cell membrane that acts as a protective barrier and encloses the cell. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that helps cells move and maintain their shape. The nucleus contains DNA and is the control center of the cell. Ribosomes produce proteins and are found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria and chloroplasts generate energy and sugars through cellular respiration and photosynthesis respectively.
2.1 Cells
Cells have a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and organelles. The cytoplasm contains a cytoskeleton that maintains the cell's shape. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound structures, and eukaryotic cells which have organelles enclosed in membranes. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles and lysosomes each have specific functions like processing energy and materials, transporting substances and recycling cellular wastes.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their structural organization. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have bacterial chromosomes not associated with histones, while eukaryotic cells have organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts enclosed in membranes. Another key difference is that prokaryotic cells like bacteria are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells and lack internal compartmentalization. However, both cell types share basic chemical and metabolic similarities as living organisms.
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Cell structure 7th grade chapter 8
- 1. Chapter 8, Section 3
- 2. EUKARYOTIC Membrane bound structures PROKARYOTIC No membrane bound structures
- 3. Take in nutrients Store, produce, and breakdown substances Take in and use energy
- 4. Cell Organization Tough, rigid outer covering Protects cells; gives them shape Found in plants, fungi, most bacteria Made up mostly of cellulose (threadlike fibers that allow materials to pass through) May also contain pectin and lignin CellWall
- 5. Pectin Aids in cell growth Development Defense Strength Thick texture in jams and jellies Lignin Compound Makes cell walls rigid Help with support
- 6. Cell Organization Outermost covering of a cell (if no cell wall) Regulates interactions between cell and environment Allows nutrients to move into cell, while waste products leave Cell membrane
- 7. Cell Organization Gelatin- like substance Constantly flows inside cell Most of cells life processes occur here Hereditary material here in prokaryotic cells Framework called cytoskeleton Cytoplasm
- 8. Thin, hollow tubes of protein combined with solid protein fibers Helps maintain shape Helps some cells move
- 9. Organic molecules made up of amino acids Part of cell membranes Needed for chemical reactions in the cytoplasm Cells make protein on ribosomes---float freely in the cytoplasm Ribosomes receive directions from the hereditary material on the manufacturing of proteins
- 10. Cell Organization Usually the largest organelle in the cell. Directs all cell activities Contains DNA (chemical that contains the code for the cell’s structure and activities. Nucleolus inside—where most ribosomes are made Materials go in and out through membrane Nucleus
- 11. Cell Organization Organelle that process energy Plant cell only Contain green pigment called chlorophyll Chlorophyll captures light energy used to make glucose. The light energy is changed and stored in glucose as chemical energy. Contain ribosomes and hereditary material Chloroplasts
- 12. Cell Organization Organelle that processes energy Energy is released when food is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Some cells have more mitochondria than others In animal cell Contain ribosomes and hereditary material Mitochondria
- 13. Cell Organization ER Series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside of cell Process organelle May be smooth or rough Extend from nucleus to cell membrane= takes up a lot of space. Ribosomes attach to rough ER Smooth ER processes lipids and other substances Endoplasmic reticulum
- 14. Cell Organization Stacked, flattened membranes After proteins are made, they are transferred here Sort proteins and other substances and package them into vesicles. Golgi bodies
- 15. Cell Organization Deliver cellular substances to areas inside the cell Carry substances to the cell membrane where they are released to the outside of the cell. Vesicle
- 16. Cell Organization Membrane bound space Temporary storage of materials Stores water, waste products, food, and other materials. In plant cells it makes up most of the cell’s volume Vacuole
- 17. Cell Organization Organelle that recycles Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, worn-out cell parts, and viruses and bacteria that enter Membrane prevents chemicals inside from leaking into the cytoplasm and destroying the cell Cell dies-membrane disintegrates releasing digestive chemicals …why? Lysosomes
- 18. Cells in these organisms do not work alone Each cell carries on life functions, while depending on other cells Tissue—group of similar cells that work together to do one job Tissues make up organs—like the heart Organs make up an organ system— cardiovascular system