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! System Level Design
! Analogue Design, Simulation & Layout
! Digital Design, Simulation & Synthesis
! System Simulation & Verification
! Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
! Two transistor amplifiers
! Current Mirrors and active loads
! Output Stages
! Operational Amplifiers
! Frequency Response of Integrated Circuits
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YMT College of Management,
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Electrical Engineering, NIT
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Batanagar Institute of Engineering
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Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, I.I.T. Roorkee,
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Harshith College of Engineering and
Technology, India

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8. 1. Review on Network Layer Attacks and Counter Measures in MANET
V. Muthupriya, K.M. Mehata 1
2. Modeling & Simulation of DVR for Power Quality Improvement by Compensation of
Voltage Sag & Swells on the Distribution Network
Akanksha Shukla, Khushboo Agrawal, Girijapati Sharma 20
3. Design and Analysis of Low Voltage DC Grid for Domestic Supply
Shailendra Singh, Rajat Sahu, Niharika Yadav, Pushpam 28
4. An Analytical Approach for Optimal Siting and Sizing of Distributed
Generation in Radial Distribution Systems
Prem Prakash, Dheeraj K. Khatod 36
5. Modelling and Simulation of Complex Power System Network to Prevent Blackouts
Anisul Islam, Imran Khan 43
6. Symmetrical 7-Level Multilevel Inverter with RV Topology
Amit Khemariya, Praveen Bansal, Anmol Ratna Saxena 50
7. Grid Interconnection of RES at the Distribution Level with Power-Quality Enhancement Features
Anand Kaurwar, Vijay Bhuria 58
Contents

9. IJAIC (2016) 1-19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Review on Network Layer Attacks and Counter Measures in
MANET
V. Muthupriya, K.M. Mehata*
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, India
Abstract
A security is one of the major issues in the MANET. The major security goals for any network
are confidentiality between the sender and receiver, authenticity in transmitting the packets
through intermediate hops, integrity in packet transmitted i.e. the original data remain
unaltered, network availability during link failure and non-repudiation, where sender or
receiver cannot deny on the message sent or received. These security goals are not easily
attained in MANET due to its characteristics like unguided communication media, dynamic
nature, no fixed infrastructure and centralized network management. Many proactive and
reactive protocols have been proposed for routing in MANET but still they are vulnerable to
several attacks. In this paper we will discuss in detail about such attacks and the research
works carried out to overcome them.
Keywords: MANET, network management, proactive and reactive protocols
INTRODUCTION
MANET-Mobile Ad hoc NETwork
The MANET[1,2]
is a group of wireless
nodes which are dynamic and
infrastructure less. They are not fixed
network and so they does not have any
centralized control. Also they use
unguided media for communication. The
main applications of this type of networks
are in dynamic business meetings, mining
operations, robot data acquisition, rescue
operations in battle fields and during time
of natural disasters.
The Figure 1 is an example showing
example for MANET, where the nodes are
not connected and dynamic in nature. The
nodes which are in same transmission
range can communicate directly with one
hop, whereas the nodes which are not in
same range can communicate only through
intermediate nodes. For example node S is
in direct link with nodes A, B, H, I and
they are called one hop neighbors whereas
node F is not in direct link can be
communicated only through any of the one
hop neighbors. Figure 2 shows a link
representation (i.e. with edges between the
nodes having direct communication
between them) for a MANET in a Figure
1. Hereafter in the following explanations
link representation of MANET will be
used for better understanding.
Fig. 1. Example for a MANET.

10. IJAIC (2016) 20–27 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Modeling & Simulation of DVR for Power Quality Improvement
by Compensation of Voltage Sag & Swells on the Distribution
Network
Akanksha Shukla*
, Khushboo Agrawal, Girijapati Sharma
Department of Electrical Engineering, BSA College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, India
Abstract
Power quality on the distribution network is a big issue in the present era. Power quality
problem is mainly occur due to nonstandard voltage, current or frequency ,voltage
imbalance, voltage sag & swells and harmonics that results in a failure of end use equipment.
To cope up with these problem custom power devices are used. One of the custom power
device has been discussed in this paper is DVR, which is the most efficient and effective
modern custom power devices for the power quality improvement for the power distribution
network. This paper proposes a compensation technique for voltage sag and swells by using
DVR technique. Simulation is carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: DVR (Dynamic voltage restorer), power quality, PCC (point of common
coupling), voltage sag
INTRODUCTION
The electric power system is composed of
three functional blocks-generations,
transmission and distribution. For a reliable
power system, generation unit must
produce adequate power to meet
customer’s demand; transmission system
must transport bulk power over long
distances without overloading and
distribution system must deliver electric
power to each customer’s premises from
bulk power system.
Distribution system locates at the end of
the power system and is connected to the
customer directly, so the power quality
mainly depends on distribution system. In
the earlier days, the power system
reliability was on generation and
transmission only as these more capital
cost is involved in these. But now a day’s
distribution system had begun to receive
more attention for reliability assessment.
To enhance the skills of the distribution
system, custom power devices are used.
One of the best custom power devices is
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is
most efficient and effective modern custom
power device for the power quality
improvement. Transmission lines were the
major concern to analysis the fault where
the sending end voltage and the receiving
end voltage never remain the same. To
rectify this problem the FACTS devices
were introduced such as STATCOM, SVC,
UPFC, IPFC, etc. These FACTS devices
were designed for the transmission system,
but eventually distribution system draws
attention to rectify this major concern, to
improve the modern power quality. These
FACTS devices are modified and known as
the Custom Power Devices. The term,
“custom power devices” defines as the
value-added power quality which is
directly providing for the consumers
through the electrical equipment’s. The

11. IJAIC (2016) 28–35 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 28
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Design and Analysis of Low Voltage DC Grid for Domestic
Supply
Shailendra Singh, Rajat Sahu, Niharika Yadav*
, Pushpam
Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Electrical and Electronics Department, Greater Noida, Uttar
Pradesh, India
Abstract
The fast development of DC power based devices has led to increased involvement of AC to
DC converters. A large scale research work is being conducted on increasing the efficiency
of these converters to save energy. But DC microgrids are significantly more energy efficient
when implemented with distributed generation or on-site generation from photovoltaic
panels, wind turbines, fuel cells or micro turbines. This paper discusses the advantages and
disadvantages of DC for a domestic household and includes a comparison between the
outputs derived from the power supplied to the DC loads from low voltage DC grid and AC
power supply under same operating conditions. In distribution system the technical and
economic benefits of DC represents an alternative to the application in AC system. DC can
be easily stored in batteries just with the use of voltage regulator thus considerable amount
of power can be saved by the use of DC grid.
Keywords: DC micro-grid, DC-DC converter, efficiency
INTRODUCTION
The key element in design and
construction industry is energy efficiency.
DC power distribution systems allow for
more efficient integration of energy
storage and distributed renewable
generation through the elimination of some
rectification and inversion power
electronics converter stages.[1]
Considering
distribution, the world suffers from an
illness of wasteful energy conversions
from AC to DC and vice-versa. Instead of
increasing conversion efficiency, the
conversion processes can be removed and
DC distribution can be utilized with
increasing DC loads in this technologically
advanced society.[2]
Today, other than
energy efficiency, topics of concern also
include use of green technologies such as
fuel cells and photovoltaic which
produces DC instead of AC. Unfortunately
the current power system infrastructures
need to convert DC power produced by
these technologies to AC if they wish to
incorporate them. This conversion requires
power converters which not only reduces
efficiency but also adds to complexity of
the power system. This paper proposes the
use of DC distribution system. The only
concern with DC grids is occupant safety
however with proper regulation and design
standards, building occupants never
encounter voltage higher than 24 V DC,
which is significantly safer than existing
220 V AC in India.[3]
In this paper, an
analysis on low voltage DC grid and a
comparison between AC and DC
distribution system is presented.
BACKGROUND
Thomas Edison, one of the founders of
electricity supported DC but AC has been
considered better choice for power
transmission and distribution. Since the

12. IJAIC (2016) 36–42 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 36
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
An Analytical Approach for Optimal Siting and Sizing of
Distributed Generation in Radial Distribution Systems
Prem Prakash*, Dheeraj K. Khatod
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, I.I.T. Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
In this study, an analytical approach based technique is presented for optimal sizing and
siting of distributed generation (DG) units in balanced radial distribution system. The
formulations of developed technique are based on reducing the active and reactive
components of system loss related to branch currents. In the proposed technique the
magnitude of branch current is reduced by installation of DG units at various positions in
distribution system. According to present technique, it identifies a group of buses where DGs
are to be placed. Further, the loss saving formulations is used for obtaining optimum size of
DG units by classical optimization technique. An algorithm is also developed to optimum
placement of DG in distribution system. The developed method is relatively simple it needs
the solution of base case load flow only. The developed technique has been checked on a 15-
bus radial test distribution network. The developed analytical method is very much effective
to reduce the system losses as it can be seen from results.
Keywords: analytical technique, distribution system, loss reduction, optimal sizing and siting
INTRODUCTION
DG is described as “an electric power
generation unit direct coupled with loads
or customer side of meter”.[1-6]
The range
of output power of DG units typically
varies from a few kWs to a few MWs. The
use of DG technologies in existing
distribution network is increasing rapidly
because of their small sizes, local
availability and environmental
friendliness. Since DGs may be powered
by renewable and non-renewable energy
sources, DG would contribute nearly 20%
of total power generation in upcoming
days.[1]
The insertion of DG in distribution
system is always committed to reduce the
system losses, enhancement of profile of
system voltage improvement system
stability margin, system reliability and
power quality of power supplied, if DG
placement is planned strategically.
On the basis of available research on
optimum placement and sizing of DG in
distribution system by earlier researchers it
is observed that their main focus on to
discuss various concerns like, reduction of
system losses,[1-4,8]
enhancement profile of
system voltage,[7]
system voltage stability
margin and system loadability.[2,7]
Furthermore, the cost or investment
minimization or maximization of benefit to
cost ratio and cost reduction, reduction of
energy losses,[4,9]
further, the objective of
the investigators to formulate the
methodology for installation and sizing of
DG units in distribution network. Several
techniques, like direct mathematical
analysis by classical optimization
approaches.[1,3]
Mixed integer non-linear
programming based optimization
technique is highlighted in.[7-9]
Index based
methods (various indices are used for DG
siting such as voltage sensitivity, power

13. IJAIC (2016) 43–49 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 43
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Modelling and Simulation of Complex Power System Network
to Prevent Blackouts
Anisul Islam*, Imran Khan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Azad Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Abstract
A complex power system network consists of different elements of the power system such as
generators, motors, transformers, transmission and distribution lines, relays, circuit
breakers etc. In this, a complex network is being modeled and simulated accordingly in order
to prevent unwanted blackouts occur due to various climatic as well as system disorders.
This aims to prevent such unwanted blackouts that cause very harmful effect to every stage of
human kind. Losses occurs which leads to downfall of the system and the country. In this we
study various dynamics and reasons of blackouts. Power system main critical loading effects
are to be analyzed and in order to model a system network which will be effective in order to
prevent such blackouts. In this we will study main causes of blackouts and how they can be
reduced. It is done through the model analysis software ”power world simulator” in which
various curves, and outputs show the reduced effect of the loading of the power system
transmission and distribution line. Thus, the system will be analyzed with and without the
effects of the overloading and the factors which leads to blackouts. Various relays such as
fast recovery relays, frequency fast acting relays, shunt capacitors or series capacitors also
be used in order to reduce harmonics and may help the system to work in better condition.
Therefore, the model analysis is best option to analyze and simulate the power system
network in order to predict the system to be well defined work and prove so that the system
could be installed as per the analyzed version to which the cost and time could be reduced
and better efficiency could be harvested.
Keywords: Grid, power system, overloading currents
INTRODUCTION
Power system comprises of various losses
due to transmission and distribution from
grid to the consumers. During
transmission and distribution of the power
various probabilities faults occur due to
certain reasons which finally results into
the large blackout system. These faults
occurrence reasons are overloading
voltages, overloading currents, voltage
instability conditions, over frequency
conditions, cascading processes etc. these
conditions make the system to work
asynchronously which makes the system
unstable and thus grid fails to operate
further. Thus, power system network main
causes of blackout are voltage collapse,
cascading, voltage instability.[1-3]
Voltage collapse is the process by which
the sequence of events accompanying
voltage instability leads to a low voltages
in the power system network. This voltage
collapse condition arises when demand is
more than the supply and due to which the
grid reaches its maximum potential to
meet the demands and further demands to
fulfill make the grid to fail and thus

14. IJAIC (2016) 50–57 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 50
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Symmetrical 7-Level Multilevel Inverter with RV Topology
Amit Khemariya1*
, Praveen Bansal1
, Anmol Ratna Saxena2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Abstract
A multilevel inverter is a power electronic device which is capable of providing desired
alternating voltage level at the output using multiple lower level DC voltages as an input.
Multilevel inverter is widely used for high-power high-voltage applications. It can eliminate
the need for the step-up transformer and reduce the harmonic content and lower EMI and
higher dc link voltages. However, it has some disadvantages such as increased number of
components, complex pulse width modulation control method, and voltage-balancing
problem. The harmonic content of the output voltage waveform decreases as the number of
output voltage increases. This paper presents a new topology with a reversing-voltage
component in order to improve the multilevel performance by compensating the
disadvantages as mentioned. The propose topology is implemented in single-phase and three-
phase with different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, which requires less number
of components, less carrier signals and gate drive circuit as compared to conventional
multilevel inverters.
Keywords: multilevel inverter (MLIs), reversing voltage (RV), topology and PWM
techniques
INTRODUCTION
Multilevel inverters have strained
incredible interest in the power industry.
Increasing the number of voltage levels in
the inverter without necessitating higher
ratings on specific devices can
intensification the power rating. A
multilevel inverter is a power electronic
device that is used for high-power high-
voltage applications. Whereas
conventional two level inverter have some
limitations in high-power high-voltage
applications due to switching losses and
power ratings.[1,2]
There are several
advantages to this approach when
compared with the conventional power
conversion approach: they have higher
efficiency because the devices can be
switched at a low frequency, power factor
is close to unity for multilevel inverters, no
EMI problems exist, no charge unbalance
problem results when the converters are in
either rectification or inversion mode.
An equivalent depiction of one phase leg
of inverters with different levels shown in
Figure 1, and power semiconductors is
represented by an ideal switch with several
positions.[3]
a
Vc
Vc
+
-
+
-
Vc
Vc
+
-
+
Vc -
+
Vc
-
+
Vc -
n
a
a
(a) (b) (c)
+
-
nn
Fig. 1. One Phase Leg of Inverter (a) Two
Level, (b) Three Level, (c) n-Levels.

15. IJAIC (2016) 58–66 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 58
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Grid Interconnection of RES at the Distribution Level with
Power-Quality Enhancement Features
Anand Kaurwar*
, Vijay Bhuria
Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,
India
Abstract
This paper describes enhanced technique of power quality at utility end in a network
framework associated with renewable source of energy for power generation. With
advancement of new functionalities sunlight based vitality based Photovoltaic cells are
forthcoming energy source with higher efficiency. With the increase in load demand, the
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are increasingly connected in the distribution systems
which utilizes power electronic Converters/Inverters. The Photo Voltaic (PV) Panel is
modeled based on associated equations. The utilization of non-linear loads in the power
system will prompt the era of current sounds which thusly break down the power quality. The
Problems like current unbalance current harmonics and also of injecting the energy
generated by renewable energy source. The inverter is controlled on the basis of hysteresis
control and thus it can be utilized as a power converter injecting power generated from RES
to the grid. When the power generated from RES is more than the total load power demand,
the grid-interfacing inverter with the proposed control approach not only fulfills the total
load active and reactive power demand but also delivers the excess generated sinusoidal
active power to the grid at unity power factor. This work is completed utilizing
MATLAB/Simulink software.
Keywords: active power filters, distributed generation, grid interconnection, grid interfacing
inverter, photo voltaic cell
INTRODUCTION
This paper exhibited here shows one of a
kind and compelling procedure for
arranging a grid connected to renewable
source of energy as solar energy and
Harmonic Mitigation in system using
Active Filter on utility side. Solar power is
harnessed through PV panels and
harmonic distortion is filtered using Shunt
Active filter. Because of expanding air
pollution, global warming concerns,
diminishing fossil fuels and their
expanding cost have made it important to
look towards Renewable Energy Sources
(RES) as a future vitality arrangement. In
discovering answers for beat a worldwide
energy emergency, the Photograph Voltaic
(PV) framework has pulled in critical
consideration as of late. The legislature is
giving motivating forces to assist
expanding the utilization of grid-connected
PV frameworks. Renewable Vitality
Sources are progressively incorporated at
the dispersion level because of expansion
in burden request which use power
electronic converters. Because of the broad
utilization of power electronic gadgets,
aggravations happen on the electrical
supply system. These unsettling influences
are because of the utilization of non-

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