International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing vol 2 issue 1

International Journal of
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International Journal of ComputerAided Manufacturing reports new research as well, new application of the
technology that could be of use in the ongoing research and in framing an educational ground for the
students.The focus of the journal broadly covers computer-aided manufacturing software and automation of
machiningprocesses.
Focus andScopeoftheJournal
! High Speed Machining, including streamlining of tool paths
! Multi-function Machining
! 5 Axis Machining
! Feature recognition and machining
! Automation of Machining processes
! Computer-aided manufacturing software
! Automate manufacturing processes
! Manufacturing process and usage complexity
! Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Direct numerical control (DNC) systems
! Modern enterprise integration
! Machine process automation
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Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Arindam Kumar Chanda
G. B. Pant Govt. Engineering College, Okhla
New Delhi, India
Dr. Xiaojun Chen
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Dr. Jagadeesh P Ganjigatti
Siddaganga Institute of Technology,
Tunkur, India
Dr. S Ramabalan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, E. G.
S. Pillay Engineering College Nagapattinum,
(Tamil Nadu), India
Dr. S. John Alexis
Department of Automobile Engineering,
Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore, (Tamil Nadu), India
Dr. Siva Prasad Kondapalli
Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology &
Sciences, Visakhapatnam, India
Dr. N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi, India
Dr. R S Jadoun
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture &
Technology, Pant Nagar, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing. This journal is part of
the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Computer Aided
Manufacturing issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Computer Aided
Manufacturing as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science
community,addressing researchersandpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing in JournalsPub is to propagate
novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional
research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Aided Manufacturing in
general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at
excellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing focuses on original high-quality research in the
realm of Multi-function machining, 5 axis machining, feature recognition and machining, Automation of
machiningprocesses, computer-aidedmanufacturingsoftware,etc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer
AidedManufacturingandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical
Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
newdevelopmentsinthefieldofComputerAidedManufacturing.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofComputerAidedManufacturing.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Thermal Analysis of Nonvented (Solid) Disc Brake Using ANSYS Software (A Review Paper)
H. Nimhal, C. Agarwal, S. Jindal, M.A. Saloda 1
2. Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: The Review
V. Malhotra 7
3. Review on HSM of Titanium Alloys in Aerospace Industry
Priyanka Garg 10
4. Research Insight: Compensation and Calibration Methods for Mechanical Backlash in CNC Machines
S. Sharmila 15
5. Research Insight: Highlights on CAM Applications in Production
D. Siddharth 21
Contents

IJCAM (2015) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing
Vol. 1: Issue 2
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Thermal Analysis of Nonvented (Solid) Disc Brake Using ANSYS
Software (A Review Paper)
H. Nimhal*, C. Agarwal, S. Jindal, M.A. Saloda
College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses and heat during routine braking. The
extraordinary thermal stresses, tremendous heat occurred in the disc during hard braking.
The aim of the project or research work is to design and analysis of disc. The modelling or
design of the disc is done using solid works software. The Thermal analysis of disc brakes is
to be done on the Non-vented condition using ANSYS software with different materials. The
thermal analysis is done to analysis the thermal properties e.g. Thermal deformation and
Heat flux. The comparison can be done for temperature distribution between different
materials. In this analysis, the different materials to check which material are best. Solid
works is a 3d modelling software widely used in the design process. The ANSYS software is
general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software package for analysis. Finite Element
Analysis is a numerical solution method of deconstructing the complex system into very small
pieces called elements.
Keywords: ANSYS, rotor brake, solid works, structure and thermal analysis
INTRODUCTION
The Brakes are the most important safety
parts of the vehicles. The disc brake is a
mechanical device to stop or slowing the
rotation of the wheel. The braking pads are
forced mechanically against the both
surfaces on the rotor or disc which causes
friction is always generated between the
disc and pad. Friction causes the disc and
attached wheel to slow or stop the vehicle.
Due to the friction the heat is generated in
the disc, but if the brakes get too hot, they
will cease to work because they cannot
dissipate enough heat. Disc brakes are
exposed to huge thermal stresses or heat
during routine braking. In short, the brakes
change the kinetic energy of the car into
heat energy, thus slowing its speed.
Compare to the drum disc brake, the non-
vented (solid) disc brakes get back to the
normal temperature. In the case of non-
vented disc, the disc is allow to additional
air flow as compared to the drum brakes
offer better stooping performance, because
the disc is more readily cooled.[1]
LITERATURE OF REVIEW
Enderson et al. (1990) investigated the hot
spotting in automotive friction system.
When the sliding bodies of disc brake
occurred significant frictional heating,
thermo elastic deformation of the disc
brake may lead to a change from smoothly
distributed severity contact to a condition
where the surfaces are supported by few
thermal asperities. This situation may be
associated with a change to a condition of
severe wear because of the exalted contact
pressure and temperature, and it is also
because of production of tensile stresses.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: The Review
V. Malhotra*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana,
India
Abstract
The advanced manufacturing systems help to improve the production processes and various
management techniques. Advanced manufacturing Technology (AMT) involves the innovative
integration and optimization of new technology. This helps to increase the productivity and
flexibility. In this research paper several factors have been studied from the literature review.
Keywords: advanced, manufacturing, factors, production
INTRODUCTION
An advanced manufacturing production
system is capable of furnishing a mix of
products in small, medium and large
quantities with both the efficiency of
productivity and flexibility of custom
manufacturing to respond quickly to
customer demand. [1]
The importance of
flexibility and efficiency has increased in
the manufacturing fields. The rising level
of uncertainty in consumer preferences
has caused many organizations to
aggressively search for cost reductions
and other sources of competitive
advantage. [2]
The small and medium
scale industries are the backbone of the
industrialization process in developing
and developed countries. They play a
crucial role in increasing the country’s
economy. With globalization and free
trade agreements, the SMIs are under
increasing pressure to adopt advanced
manufacturing technologies to be
competitive or simply to survive. From
the literature review it has found that
AMT can be implemented in smaller
firms and are more successful than bigger
firms, the implementation of AMT
requires the SMIs to adopt new ways of
thinking and doing work. The successful
implementation of AMT will require the
companies to have a workforce with
higher level of skills, a flexible
organizational structure and a new
culture in managing and training. [3]
LITERATURE REVIEW
Park et al. (1990) stated that
implementation of automation
technologies entails a large initial
investment under a long-term, uncertain
environment. They also observed that the
decisions to implement AMT must be
determined by expectations concerning
factors of demand such as the breadth of
the variety of products, thequantity of
demand, and also the quality of products.
Mohanty (1993) indicate that successful
selection and implementation of AMT
requires a thorough understanding of
various issues. Researchers have
identified and classified these attributes.
For example, Tayyari and Kroll (1990)
have divided AMT issues into two
categories, namely direct cost benefits,
and intangible (hidden) benefits.
Mohanty (1993) has classified
implementation issues into six categories:

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Review on HSM of Titanium Alloys in Aerospace Industry
Priyanka Garg*
University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Despite of good strength-to-weight ratio and superior corrosion resistance of titanium
alloys, it is very difficult to machine them due to their poor machinability. Productivity
and efficiency of the titanium alloys can be improved by means of high speed machining
tools. Eventually, it is a much needed technology to complement the advancements in
aerospace manufacturing applications. A bulk of literature is accounted for the purpose
that simply suggest that different methods are being employed by researchers to improve
the machinability of Titanium alloys in numerous aerospace as well as other engineering
applications. In the present paper, a brief review is made on several past research works
related to enhancement of conventional machining of titanium alloys and it was affirmed
that HSM is one of the most preferable techniques to serve the purpose.
Keywords: titanium, high-speed machining (HSM), machinability, aerospace
applications, corrosion, thermal conductivity
INTRODUCTION
Significant advances have been made
in understanding the behavior of
engineering materials when machining
at higher cutting conditions from
practical and theoretical standpoints.
By their very nature, aerospace
applications demand parts that are
both very light and extremely strong,
titanium remains one of few metals
capable of meeting the high standards
required by modern aerospace
applications.
In the paper by Mustafizur Rahman et
al. discussed about HSM of titanium
alloys, that on machining titanium
alloys with conventional tools, the
tool wear rate progresses rapidly, and
it is generally difficult to achieve a
cutting speed of over 60m/min. Other
types of tool materials, including
ceramic, diamond, and cubic boron
nitride (CBN), are highly reactive
with titanium alloys at higher
temperature. However, binder-less
CBN (BCBN) tools, which do not
have any binder, sintering agent or
catalyst, have a remarkably longer
tool life than conventional CBN
inserts even at high cutting speeds. In
order to get deeper understanding of
high speed machining (HSM) of
titanium alloys, the generation of
mathematical models is essential. The
models are also needed to predict the
machining parameters for HSM.
Nabhani conducted turning tests on
rolled and annealed TA48 (Ti-5Al-
4Mo-(2-2.5) Sn-(6-7) Si-2Fe max:
0.015H, 0.5O, 0.05N) using PCBN,
Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) &
Coated WC at a surface sped of
75m/min, feed rate 0.25 mm/rev,
depth of cut 1.0 mm without cutting
fluid. They investigated
tool/workpiece interaction, wear rate,

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Research Insight: Compensation and Calibration Methods for
Mechanical Backlash in CNC Machines
S. Sharmila
University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
BACKGROUND
One of the main reasons CNC
machine loses its accuracy, is due to
backlash. Backlash is the mechanical
loss of motion that can result from a
mechanical or electrical problem.
Basically backlash is the amount the
screw has to rotate when reversing
directions before the table or turret
start to move. Exploiting backlash free
mechanisms and gearboxes, the
stiffness of servo axes in CNC
machines can be improved. In fact, the
rigidity of these axes will be
increased, so that different types of
feedforward control can be
implemented.
Furthermore, backlash free
mechanisms facilitate designing
foolproof systems without challenging
with the instability and nonlinear
behavior of backlash. However, any
mechanical failure and looseness
causes backlash which in turn may
lead to severe vibrations.
INTRODUCTION
Backlash detection and exploiting
efficient preventive maintenance (PM)
to prevent interrupt in the production
line is of interest, but, in most cases,
due to physical limitations production
and design techniques cannot solely
improve the machine tool accuracy.
So, identification, characterization and
compensation of these error sources
are necessary to improve machine tool
accuracy cost-effectively. EungSuk
Lee et al. used the interferometer in
measuring 19 of the 21 components
on a three-axis CNC milling machine
with the exception of angular roll.
Ni et al. developed an optical system
consisting of a laser interferometer,
beam splitters, flat mirrors and dual-
axis lateral effect photo detectors to
facilitate simultaneous on-line
measurement of five errors on each
axis, which are linear and vertical
straightness, roll, and pitch and yaw
errors. Shin, Ertekin et al. also
presented the results of accuracy
characterization of a CNC Machining
Center using laser interferometer.
Other techniques such as disc checks
and double ball bar (DBB)
measurements are also used in the
position error measurement.
Knapp et al. listed a few tests for
assessing the quality of machine tools
on a periodic basis. The diagonal
displacement test was one of the
means adopted to estimate the
volumetric accuracy of the machine
tool through evaluation of the
positioning accuracy and repeatability
along the body diagonals. The circular
test can also be used in assessing the
accuracy of the machine tools and the
identification of backlash error, a
software strategy that is able to
compensate the backlash error.
Backlash error can be obtained
through some kinds of methods, it is
either time-costly (laser

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Research Insight: Highlights on CAM Applications in
Production
D. Siddharth
Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
INTRODUCTION
Most machines need control systems to
operate. There are many kinds of
control systems available for example,
manual control, automatic control,
computer control and remote control.
For the convenience of mass
production, machines need to repeat
precise, speedy and automatic actions
continuously. These machines may use
mechanical, pneumatic and electrical
systems to control. However, some
fixed procedures, changing procedures
or tools may need a lot of time to
restore the whole system. Tests and
productions can start immediately. This
simplifies the procedures from the
designing to manufacturing of the
product.
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
(CAM)
CAM is a computer application, based
on software tools that assist engineers
and machinists in manufacturing or
prototyping product components and
tooling, in purpose to create a faster
production process and tooling with
more precise dimensions and material
consistency.
Computer aided machining can
programming the tools in a way that
create possibility to manufacture
physical models to be able to use
computer aided design (CAD) programs
with computer aided manufacturing
(CAM), creates real life versions of
components designed within a software
package. Elanchezhian et al. (2007)
expressed a more simplified definition
of CAM to be the use of computer
system in non-design activities but in
manufacturing process. CAM is closely
related to the computer-aided design
(CAD) because the output information
about the products from the CAD can
assist the composing of production
program.
Numerical Control (NC)
As technology advances, electronic and
computer technologies have been
applied to a lot of production machines
to reduce the production time and
increase both the quality and efficiency.
So, modern factories usually use
numerical control machines, simply
called NC machines. Moreover, CAM
has been considered as a numerical
control (NC) programming tool wherein
three-dimensional (3D) models of
component generated in CAD software
which can use to generate G- code to
drive numerically controlled machine
CNC.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
An NC machine that comes along with
a computer is called a computer control
numerical machine, simply CNC
machine. It uses digital information to
control the movements of tools and
parts, for example, the spinning speed,
the cutting speed, the moving direction
of tools etc. So, we can change quickly
the production procedures simply by

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing vol 2 issue 1