social pharmacy

1. SOCIAL PHARMACY
D-pharm 1st Year
Presented By
Pragati K. Mahajan
Preparation date :April 2024
Aug -2023

2. content
 Introduction to social pharmacy
 Scope, Role Of Pharmacist in public health
 Hygiene
 Concept of health
 Dimension of health
 Determinants of health
 Indicators of health
Pragati K. Mahajan

3. SOCIAL PHARMACY
Definition:
Social pharmacy can be defined as the branch of science that
deals with the scientific studies of treatment, monitoring
tools, patient behavior and its impact on patient health.
Pragati K. Mahajan

4. Scope of Social Pharmacy
1) The information present in social pharmacy is very important to link the clinical &
fundamental knowledge taught to the pharmacist
2) Social Pharmacy is the multidisciplinary field of education and research that
focuses on the role, provision, regulation, and use of medicines in society.
3) Investigate questions and themes concerning pharmacy practice and medicine use.
4) Disposal of unwanted or out of date medicine.
5) Advice on treatment of minor conditions and healthy living.
6) Medicine use and its review, New medicine service.
7) Health screening and treatment services, Emergency supply of medicines and
prescription orders.
8) Patient information leaflet preparation, Demonstration of devices.
Pragati K. Mahajan

5. Role of pharmacist in public health
 Pharmacists work with patients to ensure that they are taking their
medications safely and effectively.
 They also help to manage drug interactions and side effects, and
work with patients to optimize their medication regimen.
 Pharmacists are trained to help patients manage chronic conditions,
such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.
 They can provide education on healthy lifestyle habits, such as diet
and exercise and monitor patients' progress.
 Pharmacists can play an important role in promoting immunization
and increasing vaccination rates.
 They can educate patients about the importance of vaccines and
administer vaccines in a safe and effective manner
Pragati K. Mahajan

6. Role of pharmacist in public health
 Pharmacists can participate in public health initiatives, such as health fairs and disease
screening programs, to improve the health of the community.
 Pharmacists work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as doctors and nurses, to
provide comprehensive care to patients.
 They also collaborate with public health agencies and other organizations to address public
health concerns
 They conduct disease prevention and control programs in their institutions and communities.
 They collaborates with State and local authorities to Address local and regional the health care
needs.
 They contribute in health program promotion, and education- eg-smoking, Drinking, family
planning, AIDS, etc
Pragati K. Mahajan

7. Hygiene
Word 'Hygiene' is derived from Greek word 'Hygeia' meaning
'Goodness of Health’.
According to WHO, Hygiene refers to conditions and practices
that are used to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
Hygiene is defined as science and art, which is related to the
protection and promotion of good health.
pragati k. mahajan

8. Types of Hygiene
Industrial hygiene
It is defined as identification, anticipation, control, assessment and assurance of
occupational hazard or risk that may result in illness, injury or affect the health of the
employee.
Community hygiene
Community hygiene is a group of people. These people have a responsibility to
improve the quality of life of the community, to focus more on sanitation and the living
conditions in the village.
Personal hygiene
Personal hygiene can be defined as keeping one's body clean and hygienic
Pragati K. Mahajan

9. HEALTH
Definition
As per WHO “ health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely an absence
of disease or infirmity”.
Pragati K. Mahajan

10. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
Physical health
Mental health
Social health
Spiritual health
Emotional health
Occupational health
Pragati K. Mahajan

11. Pragati K. Mahajan
Holistic health
Social health
Mental health
Physical
health
Occupational
health
Spiritual
health
Emotional
health

12. Physical Health
 Physical health means that an individual should be physical
fit.
 The body organs are structurally (anatomical) and functional
(physiology) in a normal State and there is perfect co-
ordination between the organs and system that body as a
whole functions in perfect harmony.
 Physical health means that an individual should be free from
disease and injury.
Pragati K. Mahajan

13. Mental health
• Mental health defined as the ability of the individual to make
personal and social adjustments
• It refers to the person's ability to use their brain and think. This may
be to solve problems or to recall information.
• Mentally healthy person to think for himself and take his own
decisions.
• He faces problems and rise to solve them intelligently
• Mental health includes many mental health issues such as
Alzheimer's and dementia.
Pragati K. Mahajan

14. Social health
• combination of surrounding and society to develop economical and
professional growth well-being.
• The health of people depend upon society and environment conditions
under which they live and work
Pragati K. Mahajan

15. Spiritual health
• A person is said to be spiritual healthy when he possesses “sound mind
in a sound body”
• Spiritual health relates to our sense of overall purpose in life. People
often find this purpose from a belief or faith system, while others create
their own purpose.
• Spiritual health is connecting link between physiology and psychology.
• They include honesty (integrity) principles, rules. ethics and purpose of
life
Pragati K. Mahajan

16. Emotional health
• A person is said to be emotional healthy when he does not loose
temper or does not develop tension and should have self-control
• Those pursuing a path of emotional wellness will strive to:
1) Understand how to handle their symptoms.
2) Maintain a positive attitude.
3) Maintain awareness of their thoughts and feelings
4) Keep a sense of balance in their lives by establishing priorities
Pragati K. Mahajan

17. Occupational health
• The capacity to strike a balance between free time and work time while
efficiently managing stress from coworker relationships is crucial
• Because work takes up so much of a person's time, it's vital to find something
that they enjoy and that give take them a sense of purpose.
• It is critical to achieve occupational wellness by doing the following
1.Communicate openly with your boss and coworkers.
2. Have a good time at work.
3. Maintain a manageable workload.
Pragati K. Mahajan

18. Determinants of Health
 Policy Making
 Environment
 Gender
 Healthcare Services
 Life Style
 Genetics
 Culture
 Social Support Networks
 Income And Social Standing
 Education
Pragati K. Mahajan

19. Determinants of Health
Pragati K. Mahajan
Policy Making
 Policies at the local, state and federal level affect individual and population health.
 Increasing taxes on tobacco sales, for example, can improve population health by
reducing the number of people using tobacco products.
 For example, the 1966 Highway Safety Act and the National Traffic and Motor
Vehicle Safety Act authorized the Federal Government to set and regulate standards
for motor vehicles and highways. This led to an increase in safety standards for
cars, including seat belts, which in turn reduces rates of injuries and deaths from
motor vehicle accidents

20. Determinants of Health
Pragati K. Mahajan
Income and social standing:
 Higher income and social standing are associated with better health.
 The greater the disparity in health between the richest and poorest
people, the greater the disparity in health.
Education:
 A lack of education is associated with poor health, increased stress,
and a lack of self-confidence
Physical environment:
 Clean water and air, safe workplaces, safe homes, communities, and
roads all contribute to good health.
.

21. Determinants of Health
Pragati K. Mahajan
Social support networks:
 More support from family, friends and communities has been linked
to improved health
Genetics:
 The genetic characters inherited from parents are responsible for
giving rise to some kind of ill health. e.g. there are greater chances
that the children of diabetic parents may suffer from diabetes.
 Inheritance has an impact on lifespan, health, and the risk of getting
certain diseases.

22. Determinants of Health
Pragati K. Mahajan
Gender:
 Males and females are afflicted with different illnesses at various ages.
Life style:
 The way of life, attitude towards life and awareness regarding healthy living all
affect health of an individual.
 The life style affects in both the ways i.e., it may promote and maintain health or
it may adversely affect the health.
 For example, if health awareness is lacking then the habits (alcoholism, drug
addiction) may create problems in healthy living of an individual. Such habits not
only are detrimental to the individual but they become a social problem
endangering the community health.

23. Determinants of Health
Pragati K. Mahajan
Healthcare Services:
 Availability to and utilization of services that help stop and treat illness
has an impact on health.
 Lack of access or limited access to health services greatly impacts an
individual's health status. For example, when individuals do not have
health insurance, they are less likely to participate in preventive care
and are more likely to delay medical treatment.
Culture:
 Customs and traditions, as well as family and community beliefs all
have an impact on health

24. INDICATORS OF HEALTH
1) Mortality Indicators (Death Rate)
2) Morbidity Rate (Disease Rate)
3) Disability Rates
4) Nutritional status indicators
5) Healthcare Delivery Indicators
6) Utilization Rates
7) Indicator and social and Mental health
8) socio-economic Indicators
9) Health Policy Indicators
10)Other Indicators
Pragati K. Mahajan

25. INDICATORS OF HEALTH
Mortality Indicators (Death Rate)
• Mortality is defined as the number of deaths in the population in
each period of time
• These include:
 Crude death rate
 Expectation of life
 Maternal mortality rate
 Infant mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Under 5 proportionate mortality rates
 Disease specific mortality
 Proportional mortality rate
Pragati K. Mahajan

26. INDICATORS OF HEALTH
Pragati K. Mahajan
 Crude Death Rate may be defined as the number of deaths per 1000
populations per year in given community
 Death rate =
No.of deaths in the year
𝑚𝑖𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
x 1000
 Infant Mortality Rate ratio of death under 1 year of age to the live
number of birth in the same year usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live
births
 Current IMR :India- 40/1000live birth (SRS 2014)
 Haryana-41/1000live birth

27. Child Mortality Rate number of death at age 1-4 year in a given
year per 1000 children in that age group at mid point of the year
concerned
Maternal Mortality rate Ratio of number of deaths arising during
pregnancy or puerperal period per 100000 live births
 Current MMR - India -178/100000 live births Haryana
146/100000 live births (SRS 2013)
Disease specific mortality: is mortality rate which is computed for
specific diseases.
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

28. Life expectancy at birth:
 Male: 64 years (WHO Global Health Observatory 2012)
 Female: 68 years
Proportional Mortality Rate is the proportion of all
deaths attributed to the specific disease
Expectation of life is the average number of years that will
be lived by those born alive into a population if the current age
specific mortality rates persist.
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

29.  Morbidity Rate (Disease Rate)
 The mortality rate is the number of cases of a disease found to
occur in stated number of population
 Morbidity indicates are used to described the ill health of those who
actually suffering from disease.
o Incidence
o Prevalence
o Notification rate
o Attendance rate at OPDs, health centers, etc.
o Admission, readmission and discharge rates
o Spells of sickness absence from work or school
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

30. Disability Rates
 These are based on premises or portion that health implies a full
range of daily activities.
 These indicators are divided into two groups:
(i) Event type indicators:
 Number of days of restricted activity
 Bed disability days
 Work-loss days within a specified period
(i) Person-type indicators:
 Limitation of mobility
 Limitation of activity (ADL)
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

31.  Sullivan's Index: Expectation of life free of disability
 HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)
The equivalent number of years in full health that a newborn can
expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality.
 DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year)
Number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or ill-health.
 QALY (Quality adjusted life year)
Number of years of life that would be added by a medical
intervention.
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

32. Health Policy Indicators:
 These are important indicators of political commitment.
 Allocation of adequate resources
 Proportion of GNP spent upon health services
socio-economic Indicators:
 It include
 unemployment level
 family size
 Literacy rate
 Rate of population decrease
 Dependency ratio
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

33. Nutritional status indicators
 Nutritional indicators used for evaluating health at the
current time
e.g.:- Height and weight of children at school entry
 It include Anthropometric measurement of pre-school
children.
 Height of children at school entry.
 Prevalence of low birth weight
Healthcare Delivery Indicators
 Doctor : Populations ratio.
 Doctor :Nurse ratio
 population : bed ratio
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

34. Utilization Rates
 Utilization of healthcare services and health need & Status are inter
related. e.g. Proportion of infants who are fully immunized against the
7 EPI diseases.
 Percentage of population using the various methods of family
planning.
Indicator of social and Mental health:-
 These are the rates of suicides, homicide other act of violence alcohol
or drug abuse smoking, road traffic accidents, family violence
 These indicators provide guidance for social action thus aids in
improving the health status.
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH

35. Other Indicators:
 These include:
 Social indicators,
 Basic need indicators,
 Health for all indicators,
 Millennium development goal indicators,
 There is no single comprehensive indicator of nation's
health.
 Each of the available indicators reflects an aspect of health.
Pragati K. Mahajan
INDICATORS OF HEALTH