International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Digital
Communication and Analog Signals
International Journal of Digital Communication andAnalog Signals is a comprehensive journal that covers
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Focus and Scope oftheJournal
! Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)
! Time division multiplexing
! Pulse code modulation
! Quantization
! Delta modulation
! Voice and data integration
! Baseband transmission
! Analogue processing circuits
! Digital signal processing
! Analog-to-digital converter
! Magnetic tape and magnetic recording
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Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering &
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Electronics Department Madhav Intitute
Technology Science Gwalior, Madhya
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Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department, MANIT Bhopal, India
Amitav Pani
IPER Business School,
Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Vice-President, Alumni Association,Associate
Professor, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, India.
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School of Engineering & Technology
Sharda University
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Dr. Sanjay Pachauri
Tula's Institute,
Dehradun,
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Sandeep Kumar Kautish
Engineering North West Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Dhudike (MOGA)
Punjab, India
K.M. Mehata
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Anna University,Chennai,
India
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Engineering Department,
Faculty of Electronic Engineering,
Menoufia University, Egypt
Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla
Amity University Dubai Campus,
United Arab Emirates
Dr. Seyed Feraydune Kashefi
Khavaran Higher-education Institute,
Iran
V. Koushick
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Mookambigai College of
Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
Tanupriya Choudhury
Amity University,
Noida,
India
V. Sharmila Deve
Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore, India
Saurabh Rai Dhirendra Prasad
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE
Society's Textile and Engineering Institute,
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Department of Applied Chemistry,
Shahrood Azad University, Shahrood,
Iran

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal,InternationalJournalofDigitalCommunicationandAnalogSignals.This journal
is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope
of present Digital Communication and Analog Signals issues, from theoretical aspects to
application-dependentstudiesandthevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of
Digital Communication and Analog Signals as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely
recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of
the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners
inthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals in JournalsPub is to
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topublishedtheirpapers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals focuses on original high-quality
research in the realm of Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), Time division multiplexing, Pulse code
modulation, Quantization, Delta modulation, Voice and data integration, Baseband transmission,Analogue
processingcircuits,Digitalsignalprocessingetc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics
and TelecommunicationEngineeringandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who
supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be
followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of
ElectronicsandTelecommunicationEngineering.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. A Novel Energy-Efficient Min–Max Optimization (NEMO) With RSA Security in
Wireless Sensor Networks
R.S. Shudapreyaa, S. Anandamurugan 1
2. DC Voltage Regulation of UPFC Using Artificial Neural Network Controller
V. Sharmila Deve, B. Anupama 13
3. Synchronized and Asynchronized Comparative Analysis Channel-Hopping-Based
Communication Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Networks
P.S. Parihar, G. Sharma, G. Kapur, M. Gupta 21
4. Unified Communication
Aakash Mathew, Gurpreet, Kamal Kumar Ranga 27
5. A Technical Review on Comparison of Speech Enhancement Algorithms
Rajesh Kumar, Vinay Gupta 33
6. Impact Analysis of Big Data Prediction and Big Data Analysis in Distributed Environment
Ridhima Shekhawat, Sarang Sambharia, Aayush Pratap Singh, Avneesh Jha 40
7. Android Marshmallow: An Upgraded Way to Explore Smartphone
Vipul Dalal, Upasna Setia, Piyush Garg, Rajiv Munjal 46
Contents

IJDCAS (2016) 1–12 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journals Digital Communication and Analog
ISSN 2455-0329(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A Novel Energy-Efficient Min–Max Optimization (NEMO) With
RSA Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
R.S. Shudapreyaa*
, S. Anandamurugan
Department of Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, India
Abstract
A novel energy-efficient min–max optimization (NEMO) is proposed to improve the data
delivery performance and provide security in WSN. The NEMO scheme is applied in the
virtual grid environment to periodically collect the data from source node to the mobile sink
through the cell headers. Here the movement of sink is in controlled fashion and collects the
data from the border line cell headers. For efficient data delivery fruit fly optimization (FFO)
algorithm is applied here to find the best path by using the fitness value calculated between
the nodes based on the distance. The optimal path is chosen by first calculating the minimum
hop count paths and then finds the maximum of total fitness value along those paths. In that
way best path is selected by considering the shortest path which improves the data delivery
performance and also it minimizes the energy consumption. The proposed scheme enables the
sensor nodes to maintain the optimal path towards the latest location of mobile sink by using
the FFO algorithm which leads to maximize the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks.
RSA digital signature is used to provide the security between the intermediate nodes during
the data delivery. The source node generates the keys and broadcast it to all other nodes in
the network. Source node signs the data using its private key and the intermediate nodes
verifies the data using the source’s public key which is already broadcasted by the source
node. If the data is valid then it forwards to the next intermediate nodes and till the sink node
gets the data, forwarding takes place. Else the data packets are dropped and inform that
node as misbehaving node and the source chooses the next best path without having that
misbehaving node in the path.
Keywords: data delivery, energy, FFO, fitness value, intermediate nodes
INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless sensor network is a group of
specialized transducers with a
communication infrastructure intended to
monitor and record conditions at diverse
locations. Commonly monitored
parameters are temperature, humidity,
pressure, wind direction and speed,
illumination intensity, vibration intensity,
sound intensity, power-line voltage,
chemical concentrations, pollutant levels
and vital body functions. The application
of wireless sensor networks to reduce the
effort of human in various environments
such as disaster management, intelligent
transport system, battle field, healthcare
environment and so on. Especially for sink
mobility sensor nodes deployed at various
points on interest (junctions, car parks,
area susceptible to falling rocks) can
provide early warning to drivers (mobile
sink) in intelligent transport system. The
architecture diagram for sensor network is
shown in Figure 1.

International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
DC Voltage Regulation of UPFC Using Artificial Neural Network
Controller
V. Sharmila Deve, B. Anupama*
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract
A feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation control is proposed
to remove the peak over shoot of the DC capacitor voltage used in Unified Power Flow
Controller (UPFC). Proposed ANN controller is tested for the UPFC with wind energy
conversion system connected to grid using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are
compared with the PI controller. From the results, it is clear that ANN controller helps to
regulate the voltage fluctuations of the DC capacitor used in UPFC and reduces the settling
time of the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) after sag and swell.
Keywords: artificial neural network, FACTS, unified power flow controller, PI controller,
DC link voltage
INTRODUCTION
Wind energy has become one of the
important and promising sources of
renewable energy now in present years.
But incorporation of large amount of wind
energy in power network will result in
fluctuating real power injection in to grid
and varying reactive power absorption
which leads to voltage fluctuations and
affect the stability and power quality of the
grid system. Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) devices can provide
better solution for the variations created in
power system by such types of renewable
resources and helps to improve its stability,
power transfer capability and control of
power flow. FACTS controllers provide
the required dynamic reactive power
support and the voltage regulation at the
Point of Common Coupling. Here, the
Unified Power Flow Controller is chosen
as the solution for the power quality
problems because the UPFC allows
simultaneous control of parameters of
power system that is the line impedance,
magnitude of voltage and power angle. It
is primarily used for independent control
of real and reactive power in transmission
lines for flexible, fast, reliable and
economic operation.
In WECS most commonly used generators
are squirrel cage induction generators.
Induction generators draw the reactive
power from the main power grid and hence
might results the voltage drops at the point
of common coupling. Moreover, the input
power to these induction machines is
variable in nature and hence the output
voltages are unacceptably fluctuating in
nature. More research has been done on
FACTS devices and discussed on
controllers like Static Var Compensator
and STATic synchronous COMpensator to
improve voltage ride-through of induction
generators.[1]
The article[2]
gives an
approach based on Differential Evolution
for optimal placement and parameter
setting of UPFC for improving power
system security. Research on control

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Synchronized and Asynchronized Comparative Analysis
Channel-Hopping-Based Communication Rendezvous In
Cognitive Radio Networks
P.S. Parihar, G. Sharma*, G. Kapur, M. Gupta
Hindustan Institute of Technology and Management, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Rendezvous is an essential operation for a cognitive users to establish communication links in
cognitive radio networks (CRNs). To ensure the rendezvous in limited time, every single
existing rendezvous algorithms create CH (channel-hoping) successions utilizing the entire
channel set and endeavor meet on each of the channels (i.e., both accessible channels and
unavailable channels). We will present ETCH, productive channel-hopping-based
communication rendezvous protocols for CR systems. ETCH protocols incorporate
SYNC-ETCH and ASYNC-ETCH. SYNC-ETCH, which expect worldwide clock
synchronization, effectively use all the rendezvous in building up control channels constantly.
ASYNC-ETCH have the capacity to make a couple of nodes rendezvous without being
synchronized. Utilizing a mix of hypothetical investigation and simulations, we will
demonstrate that correlation in the middle of SYNC and ASYNC for communication
rendezvous in CR networks
Keywords: channel hopping, endezvous, random access protocol
INTRODUCTION
Communication rendezvous empowers CR
clients to speak with one another. A couple
of CR clients wishing to convey ought to
first concur on a particular channel called
control channel. Communication
rendezvous are utilized to build up a control
channel between CR clients. The greater
part of the current MAC protocols for CR
systems hand-off on a devoted worldwide
or nearby control channel.[1]
In any case,
those methodologies experience the
problem of control packet overhead, and the
dynamic way of range accessibility makes it
hard to depend on a CCC. In contrast,
channel hopping (CH) protocol is an
arrangement based control channel outline
that gives a powerful technique to
actualizing rendezvous without depending
on a CCC.[2]
One of the rendezvous
channels is doled out to be a control
channel. The CH grouping decides the
request with which the CR clients visit the
greater part of the accessible rendezvous
channels. The principle point of this outline
is to enhance the control channel
designation over range and time spaces
keeping in mind the end goal to minimize
the effect of PU movement. When two CR
users want to communicate with each other,
they hop to the same rendezvous channel
and subsequently this channel will serve as
a control channel between them. The main
and the most outstanding one is that in
synchronous QCH all nodes dependably
vie for only one rendezvous channel as
control channel, which would prompt a
high likelihood of car accident and low
activity throughput. We propose
SYNC-ETCH, a synchronous ETCH
protocol, which effectively uses the

IJMET (2016) 27–30 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 27
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Unified Communication
Aakash Mathew*
, Gurpreet, Kamal Kumar Ranga
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana,
Jhajjar, Haryana, India
Abstract
Unified communication will be very helpful in daily life for different puposes. It may be used
in different ways for communication. It can be excellent technical service for business. It will
be necessary to prepare an organization for success.
Keywords: augmentation, deployment, interoperability, real time communication,
transactional applications
INTRODUCTION
Unified communications is a set of
technologies that automates and unifies
human and device communications in a
common context and experience. It is also
called real time communication.
It is an industry term used to describe all
forms of call and multimedia cross -media
message- management functions
controlled by an individual user for both
business and social purposes.
It encompasses several communication
systems or models including unified,
collaboration, and interaction systems;
real-time and near real communications
and transactional applications.[1-4]
UC can encompass all forms of
communications that are exchanged via a
network to include other forms of
communications and more organizations
are blending networks, systems, and
business applications and reaping the
benefits of integrated channels for
enterprise communications and those
benefits are clear: UC improves how
employees collaborate.
CONCEPT
Organizations have become increasingly
dependent on digital communications. It
delivers complete communications
messaging, instant messaging, presence,
conferencing, and voice across the
applications and devices that people use
every day. It facilitate the interactive use
of multiple enterprise communications
methods.
It include the means to integrate real-time
or near-real time unified messaging and
interactive systems. For example, a single
user can access a variety of
communication applications such as E
Mail, SMS video, fax, voice, and others
through a single user mailbox.
It has expanded to incorporate
collaboration and other interactive systems
such as scheduling, workflow, instant
messaging and voice response systems. It
also provides the integration through
multiple devices.
For example, many service features,
options, and user accounts are as readily
available to you from your, laptop or other

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A Technical Review on Comparison of Speech Enhancement
Algorithms
Rajesh Kumar*, Vinay Gupta
Department of Electronics and Communication, BSA College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, India
Abstract
The use of mobile speech communication devices has increased by manifold. Mobile
communication technology is providing us the mobility and exhibility to communicate
irrespective of place and time. The result is that the mobile voice communication systems are
often used in high acoustic background noise environment. In such circumstances speech
communication suffers from lack of pleasantness and/ intelligibility. To make voice
communication intelligible and pleasant in such noisy environments, we investigate new
methods of enhancing background noise corrupted speech signal in this report. We consider
that the noisy speech signal is recorded using a close talking microphone (like the case of a
mobile phone). Various SE methods have been proposed over the last two decades differing
in statistical model used for the clean speech signal. The existing SE methods do not exploit
the dependency of among the transform domain coefficients. They enhance each coefficient
independent of the others. We compare the SE performances of the developed SE methods
with that of the state-of-art SE algorithms.
Keywords: noisy speech, reverberant speech, speech enhancement, spectral processing,
temporal processing
INTRODUCTION
Speech is the most natural form of human
communication. The advancement in
technology has revolutionized the way we
communicate. Speech has also become an
important means of human-machine
communication. Reliability and adorability
of mobile voice communication devices
has made anywhere and anytime
communication a reality. The freedom and
exhibility provided by mobile
communication has also introduced new
challenges, one of the most prominent
being the suppression of background
acoustic noise.
Often mobile voice communication
devices are used in an environment with a
high level of ambient noise, leading to
degraded speech quality.[1]
Some
important examples where severe speech
degradation occurs include: cellular radio
telephone systems which usually suffers
from back-ground noise. Air-ground
communication systems in which aircraft
cockpit noise corrupts the pilots’ speech.[2-
5]
Military voice communication systems,
which operates in noisy environment
created by fighter aircrafts, machine guns,
tanks, etc. Teleconferencing systems
where multi-talker babble noise comes into
play.
The perception of speech signal is usually
measured in terms of its quality and
intelligibility. The quality is a subjective

ISSN: 2455-0329 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Impact Analysis of Big Data Prediction and Big Data Analysis in
Distributed Environment
Ridhima Shekhawat*, Sarang Sambharia, Aayush Pratap Singh, Avneesh Jha
CSE Department, JK Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, India
Abstract
This paper primarily focuses on “Data Prediction and Data Analysis in Distributed
Environment”. Initially introduction regarding Data Prediction, Data Analysis and
Distributed Environment has been discussed. Afterwards, we have accumulated case studies
which prove the necessity of the concerned topic. Later, in this paper various parameters are
marked down which prove to be great assets. The concern of growing data and the
importance of its prediction and analysis motivated this paper which lists the parameters and
to bolster the online expectation of application behavior in order to optimize data access
operations on distributed systems. In today’s scenario, these parameters have become a
necessity for everyone.
Keywords: data analysis, data prediction, distributed environment, distributed systems
INTRODUCTION
Data prediction is a way of extracting out
information from existing data in order to
determine the patterns and predict future
trends. It does not tell us what will happen
in the future rather it forecasts what might
happen in the future with a very good level
of reliability, and includes what-if
scenarios and also risk assessment.
Predictive models and analysis are
typically used to forecast future
possibilities. It can be applied to business;
predictive models are used to analyze
current data and historical facts in order to
be able to understand the customers in a
much better way.[1]
Data Prediction uses a
number of techniques which includes data
mining, statistical modeling and machine
learning to help the various analysts to
make future business forecasts. A lot of
companies which includes SAS (Predictive
Analytics Suite), IBM (IBM SPSS
Statistics), and Microsoft (Microsoft
Dynamics CRM Analytics Foundation) are
providing solutions to enterprises using
Data Prediction techniques. Data Analysis
is a process of examining, cleaning,
changing, and displaying data with the
goal of achieving useful information,
suggesting conclusions, and supporting
decision-making. Data analysis is a
process of obtaining raw data and
converting it into information that is useful
for decision-making by various users
across the globe. Data is collected and
completely analyzed to answer questions,
test hypotheses or disprove/prove theories.
Predictive analytics is an area of data
mining which deals with extracting useful
information from data and using it to
predict trends and behavior patterns.
Predictive analytics is regularly
characterized as foreseeing at a more
itemized level of granularity, i.e., creating
prescient scores (probabilities) for every
individual hierarchical component. This
discriminates it from forecasting. The core

ISSN: 2455-0329(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Android Marshmallow: An Upgraded Way to Explore
Smartphone
Vipul Dalal1
, Upasna Setia1*
, Piyush Garg2
, Rajiv Munjal1
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana,
Jhajjar, Haryana, India
2
TCS, USA
Abstract
Whenever a user wants to explore anything, an operating system provides him with the
results based on the things he needs to manage in a smartphone. So, there are various
operating systems which can manage and gives the user a platform to run all the software’s
and per the hardware requirements needed. Android marshmallow is one such OS. It is an
upgraded way to manage your smartphones in a bit more ease with latest software’s and
applications in it.
Keywords: android, DOZE, operating system
INTRODUCTION
Android, INC. was established in PALO
ALTO , California in October 2003 by
Andy Rubin(co-founder of DANGER),
ironic driller(co-founder of WILD FIRE
COMMUNICATIONS), nick sears(once
V.P. at T-Mobile) and Chris White(headed
design and interface development at web
TV) to mature, in Rubin’s words, “ smarter
mobile expedients that are additional
conscious of its owners location and
inclinations”. The initial intensions of the
corporation were to grow a progressive
working system for arithmetical cameras.
However, when it appreciated for the
marketplace for the strategies was not
great sufficient, the corporation
unfocussed its hard work towards
producing a smartphone operating system
that would rival Symbian and Microsoft
windows mobile. Notwithstanding the past
happenings of the originators and early
staffs, android Inc. operated furtively
informative only that it was employed on
software for mobile phone. That similar
year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve
Perlman, a close friend of Rubin brought
him $10000 in cash in an wrapping and
refused a stick in the company.[1,2]
Android is a mobile operating system
grounded on the LINUX kernel and
presently industrialized by Google. With a
user border founded on direct
manipulation, android is intended
principally for touch screen mobile plans
such as smartphones and tablet computers,
with particular user interfaces for T.Vs,
cars and wrist watches. Characteristically
android usages touch inputs that insecurely
relate to real world actions like swiping,
tapping, pinching and opposite pinching to
operate on screen objects and a virtual
keyboard. Notwithstanding being mainly
intended for touch screen input, it has also
been used in game consoles, digital
cameras, regular PCs and other electronics.
As of 2015 android is the largest installed
base of all operating system.

International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals vol 2 issue 1