This document contains summaries of several topics related to global freshwater resources: 1) It discusses groundwater hydrology, which is the study of water beneath the earth's surface, and how it is important for water supply, irrigation, and understanding water development and conservation. 2) Several sections summarize topics like the distribution of freshwater, depletion of resources, water salinization, and diseases caused by lack of access to clean water. 3) The document also covers policies like the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act and how stormwater runoff is regulated through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit program to prevent pollution of surface waters.

1. Unit 8: Global Water
Resources
APES

7. Distribution of Freshwater
Resources
Nicholas

13. Groundwater Hydrology
Karis Heidebrecht

14. Definition of Groundwater Hydrology
The study of the occurrence, circulation,
distribution, and properties of any liquid water
residing beneath the surface of the earth.

15. Groundwater Hydrology
● focuses on the distribution and movement of
water beneath the earth's surface.
● is important for use in water supply and
irrigation.
● helps farmers, rural homeowners, industrial
water supply leaders, well drillers and others
learn about the development, occurrence,
and conservation of groundwater.

16. World Demand for Water
Geoffrey

22. Depletion of Freshwater Resources
Victoria

27. Water Salinization
Daniel Monsalve

39. Schistosomiasis
Malaria

40. Skin and eye infections
Cholera and typhoid

47. Lead is a material
plumbers use when
making water
service lines

48. The study found that women living in communities in which many
homes had more than 10 micrograms of lead per liter of drinking water
were more likely to have a child with neuraltube defects. Overall, the
risk of such birth defects increased 25% for every 10% increase in lead
level.

49. Congress enacted the Reduction of Lead in
Drinking Water Act on January 4, 2011
To amend Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) regarding the use and
introduction into commerce of lead pipes,
plumbing fittings or fixtures, solder and flux.
The Act established a prospective effective
date of January 4, 2014, which provided a
three year timeframe for affected parties to
transition to the new requirements.

50. Stormwater~Maribeth <3
use this site
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?
program_id=6

51. ~Stormwater~

52. What is this so-called “Stormwater?”
Definition~ Surface water in abnormal quantity
resulting from heavy falls of rain or snow.

53. Are they connected to Storm Drains
?
YES! Storm Drains collect all of the fresh water
after storms!

55. No... not always.....
“As the runoff flows over the land or impervious
surfaces (paved streets, parking lots, and
building rooftops), it accumulates debris,
chemicals, sediment or other pollutants that
could adversely affect water quality if the runoff
is discharged untreated”. (U.S.E.P.A, 2012)

56. How can it become clean?
➔
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater
Program regulates stormwater discharges from three potential sources:
municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s), construction activities,
and industrial activities.
➔
This permitting mechanism is designed to prevent stormwater runoff from
washing harmful pollutants into local surface waters such as streams,
rivers, lakes or coastal waters.

57. Key Terms
Michaela