This document discusses the importance of water conservation and watershed management, highlighting the challenges posed by increasing population, industrialization, and pollution on water resources. It outlines strategies for sustainable water management, including rainwater harvesting, and emphasizes the role of local communities in planning and implementation. The integrated watershed management program aims to restore ecological balance in Andhra Pradesh by conserving and developing natural resources for sustainable livelihoods.

1. Water Conservation &
Watershed Management

2. Water
Resources
Water is the second precious recourse after air to sustain our life on
earth. Clean water is the necessity of every living thing.
We have only 1% water in the form of surface water or
Groundwater.
We utilize the water in our daily activities such as
Drinking
Washing Cloths
Cooking
Toilet flushing
Increase the demand of water as population is increasing
Industrialization and urbanization also cause to deteriorate the
quality of water

4. According to UN report, The population of India expected to surpass China and
become the largest country in population size by 2022.
Water-related challenges including water scarcity and water quality deterioration
where the pace of urbanization is fastest and the local governments have limited
capacity to deal with the rising water supply and sanitation challenges.
Industrial growth is completely related to the addition of a large number of toxic
pollutants that are harmful to the environment, hazardous to human health.

6. Water Conservation
(Save Water)
• Water conservation includes all the policies,
strategies and activities to sustainably manage the
natural resource of fresh water, to protect the
hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future
human demand.
• Population, household size, and growth and
affluence all affect how much water is used.
• Factors such as climate change have increased
pressures on natural water resources especially in
manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.

7. Strategies
Rain water harvesting
Protecting groundwater resources
Practicing sustainable methods of utilizing groundwater
Excess pumping of groundwater leads to a decrease in groundwater levels and if continued it can
exhaust the resource
In coastal regions, over pumping groundwater can increase saltwater intrusion which results in
the contamination of groundwater water supply.

8. Watershed Management

9. Watershed: An Overview

10. What do you mean
by WATERSHED?
• A watershed is an area of land that drains
to a common body of water. Any area of
land within the watershed may contribute
runoff and associated pollutants to that
lake, river, stream, or wetland.
• A watershed is the area that drains to a
common outlet. It is the basic building
block for land and water planning.

11. What do you mean
by WATERSHED?
• The water quality in a given lake,
river, stream or wetland is
directly affected by the land use
in the watershed.
• Studies show that as intensity of
land use increases, the potential
for water resource degradation
increases.
• This is because as we change the
landscape, human activities
disrupt the natural movement of
water through the watershed.
• These changes result in increased
runoff to surface waters,
decreased
infiltration to groundwater, and
increased movement of
pollutants
into all waters.

12. What is
watershed
management?
• Watershed management
employs a wide variety of
tools to ensure lakes, rivers,
streams, wetlands, and
groundwater supplies are
protected or restored to meet
stake holder goals.
• Efforts to minimize impacts
by land use changes like
farming, logging, and
development become a
focus of many watershed
plans.

14. Principles of
Watershed
Management

15. Principles of
Watershed
Management
An adequate amount of water available in a sustainable
manner for future years has to be provided for the population.
The quality of drinking water has to be maintained at a standard
which allows all inhabitants to live in physical and mental well-
being.
The natural resources within the watershed has to
be stabilised, protected and kept free from pollution.
The productivity of resource utilisation has to be increased in an
environmentally, economically and also institutionally sustainable
manner.
The economic development within the watershed has to take
place in harmony with the environment.
The local community has to participate in all stages of
planning and implementation of development measures

16. Techniques of
Watershed Management
Conservation Design and Low Impact
Development:
• Conservation Design focuses on
techniques to preserve existing
natural areas and minimize new
impervious surfaces.
• LID is a collection of innovative
storm water management tools that
encourage water to soak into the
ground or be used by plants as it
would under natural conditions.
• LID treats storm water as a valuable
resource, incorporating rain
gardens, green roofs and pervious
alternatives to pavement.
• These techniques minimize storm
water runoff and nonpoint source
pollution, and maintain/restore
the natural water flow (hydrology)
of the landscape.

17. Techniques
of Watershed
Management
Buffers protection and development:
Buffers, which are uncut zones of vegetation adjacent
to water bodies, are the last line of defense against
nonpoint source pollution.
Plants filter pollutants out of storm water and they
reduce the amount of water and the speed at which
it flows into wetlands, streams, rivers, and lakes.
Buffers also provide habitat diversity, stabilize
shorelines, and provide visual interest.
To maximize effectiveness, buffers should use native
vegetation and be as wide as possible

18. Techniques of
Watershed Management
Conventional Stormwater
Management:
• Conventional storm water
management treats rain
water as a waste product by
piping it through storm
sewers to our lakes and
rivers.
• Infiltration of rain water is
critical to recharge
groundwater supplies,
reduce flooding, and filter
the water through the soil.

19. Techniques
of Watershed
Management
Erosion Control:
Soil erodes when construction sites, logging,
agriculture, and other activities disturb the land.
Eroded soil, or sediment, reduces water clarity and
smothers aquatic habitat.
Moreover, it carries other pollutants like bacteria,
nutrients, and toxic contaminants, which degrade
waterbodies and make them unsafe for human use.
Erosion control, which employs a wide range of
practices and products, is one of the most effective
watershed protection tools available.

21. Degradation
of Watersheds
Degradation of watersheds in recent decades
has brought the long-term reduction of the
quantity and quality of land and water
resources.
Changes in watersheds have resulted from a
range of natural and anthropogenic factors,
including natural soil erosion, changes in
farming systems, over abstraction of water,
overgrazing, deforestation, and pollution.
The combination of environmental costs and
socioeconomic impacts has prompted
investment in watershed management in many
developing countries.

22. Importance of
Watershed
• Watershed management is the integrated use
of land, vegetation and water in a
geographically discrete drainage area for the
benefit of its residents, with the objective of
protecting or conserving the hydrologic services
that the watershed provides and of reducing or
avoiding negative downstream or groundwater
impacts.
• Watershed management approaches need to be
adapted to the local situation and to changes in
natural resource use and climate.

23. IWMP
Integrated watershed management program.
Operational area: Andhra Pradesh
Aim: To restore Ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural
resources to create sustainable lively hood.
Managed by rural development body.
Under common guidelines on watershed management, 2008
Old programs: IWDP, DPAP (Merging)

24. Thank you