The document discusses several key properties of water including its polarity, hydrogen bonding, and resulting high heat capacity and surface tension. It also describes water's role in moderating temperatures on Earth and its importance as the universal solvent for biochemical reactions and life. Water's density peak at 4°C allows ice to float, preserving aquatic ecosystems.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHRIMP HATCHERYKartik Mondal
Shrimp is a valuable aquatic food resources high In protein and command good export markets. The tiger shrimp P.indicus and p.merguiensis are important candidate or aquafarming.The seed requirement presently meet from the wild and insufficient to meet growing demand. Hence there is a good potential for hatchery production of shrimp seed.
The success of a shrimp hatchery depend on:
1.The choice of suitable site
2.Effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery design
3.Experience of hatchery technicians
4.Efficiency of operational management.
In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills, however lung fish respiration takes place through lungs. Gills are present on both the sides of the head of fish. The gills are covered by gill covers also called operculum. When the fish open its mouth, water is drawn into the buccal cavity and passed through the gills. The gills contain special type of cells that absorb the oxygen present in water. The absorbed oxygen is then supplied to all the cells of body through blood. In the cells, oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide and returned back to gills through blood. Ultimately, the gills release the carbon dioxide in water passing through them.
Respiration in Fish
The gills of fish are very efficient; it is estimated gills can extract about 80% oxygen dissolved in water. In addition to the respiratory organs, the gills have an important role in maintaining the right balance of salts in the body.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHRIMP HATCHERYKartik Mondal
Shrimp is a valuable aquatic food resources high In protein and command good export markets. The tiger shrimp P.indicus and p.merguiensis are important candidate or aquafarming.The seed requirement presently meet from the wild and insufficient to meet growing demand. Hence there is a good potential for hatchery production of shrimp seed.
The success of a shrimp hatchery depend on:
1.The choice of suitable site
2.Effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery design
3.Experience of hatchery technicians
4.Efficiency of operational management.
In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills, however lung fish respiration takes place through lungs. Gills are present on both the sides of the head of fish. The gills are covered by gill covers also called operculum. When the fish open its mouth, water is drawn into the buccal cavity and passed through the gills. The gills contain special type of cells that absorb the oxygen present in water. The absorbed oxygen is then supplied to all the cells of body through blood. In the cells, oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide and returned back to gills through blood. Ultimately, the gills release the carbon dioxide in water passing through them.
Respiration in Fish
The gills of fish are very efficient; it is estimated gills can extract about 80% oxygen dissolved in water. In addition to the respiratory organs, the gills have an important role in maintaining the right balance of salts in the body.
Metabolism: the word to describe the totality of energy consuming, manipulative and storage chemical reactions by organisms.
Second law of thermodynamics dictates that all processes increase amount of entropy in the universe. Thus, a highly ordered entity like a fish can only exist with a constant input of energy that allows it to remain ordered.
Therefore, initial requirement of fish survival is to obtain sufficient energy to offset this universal randomization process by: maintaining ion gradients and renewing proteins (Chabot et al., 2016). “Respiration is nothing but a slow combustion of carbon and hydrogen, similar in all respects to that of a lamp or a lighted candle, and from this point of view, animals which breathe are really combustible substances burning and consuming themselves” (Lavoisier & Laplace, 1783).
All animals must supply their cells with oxygen and rid their body of carbon dioxide.
The physiological process by which an animal exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.Most fish have external gills that are ventilated by a unidirectional flow of water, by pumping or swimming.
Fine sieve structure of gills very efficiently extracts O2 from water.
Efficient O2 uptake is vital to fish because of its low water solubility.
Solubility decreases with increased temperature & salinity!
Also, metabolic rate (demand for O2 ) increases as temperature rises.
‘Branchia’ in greek = ‘gills’
In boney fish (Teleosts):
Gills lie in a branchial cavity covered by the operculum:
Usually two sets of four holobranchs.
Each holobranch consists of two hemibranchs (‘half gill’):
Anterior and posterior
Hemibranchs consist of a row of long filaments (primary lamellae) with semilunar folds (secondary lamellae).
Lamellae or filaments:
Connective tissue scaffold (epithelial cells) framing a vascular network providing blood flow primarily used for gas and ion exchange.Fish employ the countercurrent system to extract O2 from the water.
This system moves water flowing across the gills, in an opposite direction to the blood flow creating the maximum efficiency of gas exchange. Blood flow through lamellae is from posterior to anterior
(back to front).
Water flow over lamellae is from anterior to posterior
(front to back).
Counter-current allows for diffusion from high O2 in water to low O2 in blood across entire length of lamella.Gas gland is location of action in wall of swim bladder (rete mirabile “wonderful net” and surrounding tissues)
Need to pry O2 molecules from Hb molecules in gas gland
Need to accumulate enough O2 (>pO2) in solution in blood plasma to generate a diffusion gradient from distal end of rete mirabile into lumen of swim bladder
Change of pH in blood causes change in bond strength of Hb for O2
Bohr effect--decrease in affinity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2 affinity: strength of attraction of Hb for O2
Root effect--decrease in capacity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2
what is Fish blood.reading this you will know about fish blood.a short description about fish blood
source:<a>bd tips tech</a> the best bangla tech site http://www.bdtipstech.com
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adultsDebiprasad1997
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
Metabolism: the word to describe the totality of energy consuming, manipulative and storage chemical reactions by organisms.
Second law of thermodynamics dictates that all processes increase amount of entropy in the universe. Thus, a highly ordered entity like a fish can only exist with a constant input of energy that allows it to remain ordered.
Therefore, initial requirement of fish survival is to obtain sufficient energy to offset this universal randomization process by: maintaining ion gradients and renewing proteins (Chabot et al., 2016). “Respiration is nothing but a slow combustion of carbon and hydrogen, similar in all respects to that of a lamp or a lighted candle, and from this point of view, animals which breathe are really combustible substances burning and consuming themselves” (Lavoisier & Laplace, 1783).
All animals must supply their cells with oxygen and rid their body of carbon dioxide.
The physiological process by which an animal exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.Most fish have external gills that are ventilated by a unidirectional flow of water, by pumping or swimming.
Fine sieve structure of gills very efficiently extracts O2 from water.
Efficient O2 uptake is vital to fish because of its low water solubility.
Solubility decreases with increased temperature & salinity!
Also, metabolic rate (demand for O2 ) increases as temperature rises.
‘Branchia’ in greek = ‘gills’
In boney fish (Teleosts):
Gills lie in a branchial cavity covered by the operculum:
Usually two sets of four holobranchs.
Each holobranch consists of two hemibranchs (‘half gill’):
Anterior and posterior
Hemibranchs consist of a row of long filaments (primary lamellae) with semilunar folds (secondary lamellae).
Lamellae or filaments:
Connective tissue scaffold (epithelial cells) framing a vascular network providing blood flow primarily used for gas and ion exchange.Fish employ the countercurrent system to extract O2 from the water.
This system moves water flowing across the gills, in an opposite direction to the blood flow creating the maximum efficiency of gas exchange. Blood flow through lamellae is from posterior to anterior
(back to front).
Water flow over lamellae is from anterior to posterior
(front to back).
Counter-current allows for diffusion from high O2 in water to low O2 in blood across entire length of lamella.Gas gland is location of action in wall of swim bladder (rete mirabile “wonderful net” and surrounding tissues)
Need to pry O2 molecules from Hb molecules in gas gland
Need to accumulate enough O2 (>pO2) in solution in blood plasma to generate a diffusion gradient from distal end of rete mirabile into lumen of swim bladder
Change of pH in blood causes change in bond strength of Hb for O2
Bohr effect--decrease in affinity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2 affinity: strength of attraction of Hb for O2
Root effect--decrease in capacity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2
what is Fish blood.reading this you will know about fish blood.a short description about fish blood
source:<a>bd tips tech</a> the best bangla tech site http://www.bdtipstech.com
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adultsDebiprasad1997
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
Properties of water and aqueous solutionssabir shah
Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute Of Research Science and
Technology.....
This video is a course context of 1st prof Bs (hons) biotechnology.. which is prepared by momin khan niazi...........
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
21. Problem How much greater is the [ H + ] in a solution with pH 2 than in a solution with pH 6? Answer: pH of 2 = [ H + ] of 1.0 x 10 -2 = 1/100 M pH of 6 = [ H + ] of 1.0 x 10 -6 = 1/1,000,000 M 10,000 times greater
22.
23.
Editor's Notes
2 corners are orbitals with unshared electrons and a weak negative charge 2 are occupied by hydrogen atoms that have polar covalent bonds
Only a hydrogen ion is actually transferred The transferred proton binds to an unshared orbital of the second water molecule. The water molecule that loses the proton
There is only 1 molecule out of 554,000,000 water molecules that is dissociated.
![Properties of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)