This document discusses water saving technology in the textile industry. It proposes using solophenyl dyes for dyeing cotton and cotton-polyester blends, which can save significant amounts of water compared to conventional reactive dyes. For 100% cotton fabrics, solophenyl dyes can reduce water consumption from 60-80 liters/kg to 20-30 liters/kg. For cotton-polyester blends, a one-batch dyeing process using solophenyl dyes has the potential to save water consumption from 120-140 liters/kg down to 30-40 liters/kg. Adopting these new dyeing techniques could help textile factories minimize their environmental impact and reduce production costs.

1. Water Saving Technology in Textile

2. Meaning of W.S.T
W.S.T means Water Saving Technology. It is a new concept
which we have implemented the complexity from the Fiber &
Yarn to the RMG (ready made garments).
- No investment is required for this Technology
- This technology is documented by significant reduction
of water, power, CO2, & also the cost.
- It will also meet the environmental compliances for
the industries.

3. Fiber & Yarn:
The fiber & yarn should be selected under such condition of using no
enzyme wash, which is harmful for the workers & the environment
as well.
Highlights of using Low TPI yarn: (17.5-19)
Advantage of Low TPI from fiber to RMG:
● Stand by time of needles & sinkers at least 10- 15% through the
softness of yarn
● Pick up rate (Exhaustion rate) of chemicals & dyes in fabric
increases 15%. That means we are saving this amount.
● Fabric is coming super soft with less softener.
● Because of super soft fabric, no chance for needle holes doing
sewing.

4. ● The fastness is becoming half grade better.
● Last but not the least we are avoiding the spirality of the RMG.
Highlight of using compacted yarn:
we can avoid enzyme during less hairiness.
Highlights of using Carded & Combed yarn:
Through singeing we can avoid the hairiness , but hand feel is not
significant
CVC Yarn:
● CVC has the same criteria like 100% cotton.
● In general there is 2 types of blended cotton with polyester
1. CVC contains disperse dye able polyester
2. CVC also contains cationic dye able polyester

5. Information collected by Water Ambassadors:
(**** Data from Landmark website)
Utility & services:
Sl No. Machine Name Brand Origin Model Capacity No of Machine
1 Boiler Cochran Scotland S23 7000 1
2 Boiler Cochran Scotland SKF20 10000 1
3 Air Compressor Boge Germany S40792 4000 cu.m/hr 3
4 Air Compressor Atlas Copco Belgium SKF20 4m3/hr 2
5 Diesel Generator Musgrove USA HC540 500 KVA 1
6 Diesel Generator Perkins USA HC646 720 KVA 1
7 GAS Generator Catterpiller USA M3516 1020 kw 1
8 GAS Generator Catterpiller USA 1174 kw 1
9 ETP Bio Chemical India N/A 150m3/w 1

6. Number of Dyeing machine for Bulk Production
Sl No Name/ Brand Origin
Capacity
(in Kg)
Liquor Ratio M/C Feature
1 Thies Germany 150 1:6 JET
2 Thies Germany 300 1:6 JET
3 Thies Germany 450 1:6 JET
4 Thies Germany 450 1:6 JET
5 Thies Germany 800 1:6 JET
6 Thies Germany 800 1:6 JET
7 Thies Germany 1200 1:6 JET
8 Fongs China 600 1:8 JET
9 Fongs China 800 1:8 JET
10 Fongs China 800 1:8 JET
11 Fongs China 1500 1:8 JET
Number of Sample dyeing Machine
Sl No. Name/ Brand Origin
Capacity
(in Kg)
Liquor Ratio M/C Feature
1 Thies Germany 15 1:6 S/ JET
2 Thies Germany 60 1:6 S/ JET
3 Santex Switzerland 40 1:6 S/ JET
4 Santex Switzerland 40 1:6 S/ JET

7. Machine of Finishing Section
Sl No. M/C Name Brand Origin Capacity (Ton/day)
1 Open Compactor Bruckner Germany 7
2 Tube Compactor Sperttorumar 6-7
3 Stanter Bruckner Germany 8
4 Stanter Alkan Turkey 10
5 Spliting Bainco Italy 10
6 Dewatering Santex Switzerland 8
7 Dryer Santex Switzerland 8
8 Swiding M/C Lafar Italy 7-8
9 Back Swing 6

8.  No. of Labor working in Dyeing to Finishing Section:
Dying Section- 88 (3 shift)
Lab Section- 12 (3 shift)
Quality Control Section- 12 (3 shift)
Finishing Section- 81 (3 shift)
Existing Total Dyes & chemical consumption for 15 tons Knit fabric/day for dyeing
Dyes 1347 Kg/day
Salt-8640 Kg/day
Soda Ash-2160 Kg/day
Water-1080000 Lts/day
How much water we can save by using Solophenyl Dyes:
Water saving for 15 ton Fabric in Landmark:
In existing Reactive dyeing process required water is 1351500 ltr
In solophenyl dyeing process required water is 402000 ltr
So we are saving 949500 ltr water per day.

9. Below is the graph of Classic Reactive Dye:
(In international Std. Time & water needed in RD 7-8 hrs, & 70-80 ltrs
but in Bangladesh time & water needed in RD 8-9 hrs, & 90-100 ltrs)

10.  Lab Dip report of R.D Dark Blue (100%Cotton) (1.5% shade)
G.S.M- 145
1. Dimensional Stability to washing (Machine wash at 40c)
After the 1st wash Requirement
Length (%) 5.5 % 5%
Width (%) 1%
2. Color fastness to washing (30 minutes wash at 40c in 0.4% detergent)
Color Change : 4
Color staining: 4-5
Acetate: 5
Cotton: 4-5
Nylon : 5
Polyester: 5
Acrylic: 5
Wool: 5

11. 3. Color fastness to rubbing (I.S.O. 105x12-1993)
Dry: 3
Wet: 2-3
4. Spiral: 5
5. Pilling test: 4-5
6. Exhaustion Rate: 65%

12. • Below is the Curve of Solophenyl Dyes: 1 Batch Dyeing
(International Std. Time & water needed 3-4 hrs, & 30-40 ltrs
& in our trial we met the international standard)

13.  Lab Dip report of S.D Black (100%Cotton) (4% shade) (2 Batch dyeing)
G.S.M- 150
1. Dimensional Stability to washing (Machine wash at 40c)
After the 1st wash Requirement
Length (%) 5.5 % 5%
Width (%) 1%
2. Color fastness to washing (30 minutes wash at 40c in 0.4% detergent)
Color Change : 4 -5
Color staining: 4-5 Acetate:
4
Cotton: 4-5
Nylon : 4
Polyester: 4-5
Acrylic: 4
Wool: 4

14. 3. Color fastness to rubbing (I.S.O. 105x12-1993)
Dry: 4-5
Wet: 3-4
4. Pilling test: 4-5
5. Exhaustion Rate: 90%

15. Difference between classic reactive & Solophenyl/Avitera Dyes
Item Reactive dyes Solophenyl/ Avitara dyes
1. Process time 8-10 hours/ batch 4-6 hours/ batch
2. Bath 10-12 / Batch 3-4/ batch
3. Water Consumption 94 ltr/ KG 28 ltr/ KG
4. Exhaustion Rate 60-70% 85-99%
5. Process Loss 10% 6-7%

16. Cost comparison of Classic Reactive & Solophenyl Dyes (LM)
Material 100% cotton
Yarn Count 30’ S
Color Blue
Item Classic Reactive Solophenyl Savings
Dyes 2.5% 1.5% 1.00%
Gluber Salt 54.50% 25% 29.50%
Enzym 0.5/ kg 0.00/ kg 100%
CO2 Emission 50%
Dyeing Cycle Hrs 10 4 6hrs dyeing cycle
Manpower Cost 62.50%

17. Fastness Report of Landmark
Sl No.
Fabric
Color
Fabric Type
Rubbing
fastness
Washing
Fastness
Color
Fastness
Pilling test
Perspiration
test
Hand feel
1 Yellow
Low Twist Yarn 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 4 to 5 Very good
Combed with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 to 5 4 Good
Combed without singeing 4 4 4 4 to 5 4 Medium
Carded with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 4 Medium
Carded without singeing 4 4 4 4 4 Medium
2 pink
Low Twist Yarn 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 4 to 5 Very good
Combed with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 to 5 4 Good
Combed without singeing 4 4 4 4 to 5 4 Medium
Carded with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 4 Medium
Carded without singeing 4 4 4 4 4 Medium
3 Blue
Low Twist Yarn 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 4 to 5 Very good
Combed with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 to 5 4 Good
Combed without singeing 4 4 4 4 to 5 4 Medium
Carded with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 4 Medium
Carded without singeing 4 4 4 4 4 Medium
4 Grey
Low Twist Yarn 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 to 5 4 4 to 5 Very good
Combed with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 to 5 4 Good
Combed without singeing 4 4 4 4 to 5 4 Medium
Carded with singeing 4 to 5 4 4 4 4 Medium
Carded without singeing 4 4 4 4 4 Medium

18. W.S.T Roadmap for 100% Cotton***
Year % Dyes Use Water Consumption (ltr/Kg) Time in hours
BD Intl' Minimizing BD Intl'
2012
60 Classic Reactive Dye 100 70 42 10 7 to 8
20 New Generation RD 30 6 4
20 Solophenyl 25 5 4
Total minimization of water if we follow International standard 53
2013
40 Classic Reactive Dye 100 70 28 10 7 to 8
30 New Generation RD 30 9 4
30 Solophenyl 25 7.5 4
Total minimization of water if we follow International standard 44.5
2014
30 Classic Reactive Dye 100 70 21 10 7 to 8
40 New Generation RD 30 12 4
30 Solophenyl 25 7.5 4
Total minimization of water if we follow International standard 40.5
*** All this depends on the fashion or on the color

19. Dyeing Proposal
1. For 100% cotton:
1.1) Classic reactive dyeing process, 95% used in BD.
– Water consumption 60 – 80 l/kg
– Process time 6-8 hours
– Exhaustion Rate 60 – 70 %
It has to be changed within few years because it is killing
Environmental compliance during very bad exhaustion rate & time
and water consumption is extremely high.
1.2) New generation reactive dyeing process, Avitera .
– Water consumption 30 – 40 l/kg
– Process time 3-4 hours
– Exhaustion Rate 80 - 90%

20. New generation dyes will replace step by step the classic reactive
dyes. Because these are Environmental friendly and has good
fastness, require less time and water, & excellent exhaustion rate.
1.3 Solophenyl Dyes
– Water consumption 20 – 30 l/kg
– Process time 3-4 hours
– Exhausting Rate 85 - 99%
This kind of Dyes are excellent for light and medium color as well as
for black and navy. It has high economical savings and excellent
fastness by using fixing agent Albafix E.
1.4 OBD (One Batch Dyeing): It is possible and recommended.

21. Cotton blended with polyester CVC/TC:
Classic 2 batch Dyeing (95% used right now)
– Water consumption 120 -140 l/kg
– Process time 12 -14 hours
– Exhausting Rate 60 – 70 %
This kind of Dyes has to be replaced very soon, because killing Environmental
compliance during very bad exhausting rate, time and water consuming extremely high.
Scour Dyeing (SD)
Option 1 - Disperse Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 60 – 80 l/kg
– Process time 6-8 hours
– Exhausting Rate 60 – 70 %
Step 1. Scouring and Polyester Portion by Temperature of 130 C.
Step 2. follows classic Reactive Dyeing Process.

22. Option 2 - Cationic Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 60 – 80 l/kg
– Process time 6-8 hours
– Exhausting Rate 60 – 70 %
Step 1. Scouring and Polyester Portion by Temperature below 100°C
Step 2. follows classic Reactive Dyeing Process.
Option 3 - Disperse Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 40 – 60 l/kg
– Process time 5 -6 hours
– Exhausting Rate 80 -90 %
Step 1. Scouring and Polyester Portion by Temperature of 130°C.
Step 2. follows new Generation Reactive Dyeing Process (AVITERA).

23. Option 4 - Cationic Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 40 - 60 l/kg
– Process time 5 -6 hours
– Exhausting Rate 80 - 90%
Step 1. Scouring and Polyester Portion by Temperature below 100 °C.
Step 2. follows new Generation Reactive Dyeing Process (AVITERA).
2.3 One batch Dyeing (OBD)
Option 1 - Disperse Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 30 -40 l/kg
– Process time 3 - 4hours
– Exhausting Rate 86 – 90 %
All in one Scouring, Cotton Solophenyl Dyes + Polyester Portion by
Temperature of 130° C.
High efficiency Process, high fastness in light & medium colors.

24. Option 2 - Cationic Dye able PE Fiber blended
– Water consumption 30 – 40 l/kg
– Process time 3 - 4 hours
– Exhausting Rate 86 – 90 %
All in one Scouring, Cotton Solophenyl Dyes and Polyester Portion by
Temperature below 100° C.
High efficiency Process, high fastness in light , medium and dark
Colors.