Measures practiced by health care personnel to prevent spread, transmission and acquisition of infection between clients, from health care providers to client and from client to health care providers.
-definition
-why is infection control important in health care facilities
-nosocomial infection
-standard precaution
-additional precaution
-role of infection control nurse
- donning of Ppe kit
- doffing of ppe kit
All these are explained in details with images
Measures practiced by health care personnel to prevent spread, transmission and acquisition of infection between clients, from health care providers to client and from client to health care providers.
-definition
-why is infection control important in health care facilities
-nosocomial infection
-standard precaution
-additional precaution
-role of infection control nurse
- donning of Ppe kit
- doffing of ppe kit
All these are explained in details with images
Environmental cleaning depends on Infection Control risk Assessment as High, Moderate & Low Risk Areas. This document includes Procedures & Practices in Hospital for Environmental Cleaning & Disinfection based on cheapest hospital grade disinfectant i.e Clorox / Household Bleach available for especially third world countries.
Pathogenic microorganisms proliferate and invade bodily tissue, causing tissue harm and disease.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites those are not normally present within the body.
An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide).
Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections.
For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
Infection prevention policies and practices are used in hospitals and other health care facilities to reduce the spread of infections.
Hepatitis B infection in Chronic KidneydiseaseAJISH JOHN
Hepatitis B infection is common among CKD patients especially those on dialysis. The various issues regarding its management and approach to renal transplantation
Environmental cleaning depends on Infection Control risk Assessment as High, Moderate & Low Risk Areas. This document includes Procedures & Practices in Hospital for Environmental Cleaning & Disinfection based on cheapest hospital grade disinfectant i.e Clorox / Household Bleach available for especially third world countries.
Pathogenic microorganisms proliferate and invade bodily tissue, causing tissue harm and disease.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites those are not normally present within the body.
An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide).
Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections.
For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
Infection prevention policies and practices are used in hospitals and other health care facilities to reduce the spread of infections.
Hepatitis B infection in Chronic KidneydiseaseAJISH JOHN
Hepatitis B infection is common among CKD patients especially those on dialysis. The various issues regarding its management and approach to renal transplantation
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospitals by Dr DeleKemi Dele-Ijagbulu
Infection prevention and control is everybody's business! It is an essential, though often under-recognised and under supported part of the infrastructure of health care. However it saves lives and prevents avoidable morbidity and mortality. This presentation highlights the importance and the practical components of infection prevention and control in the hospital setting.
updated guidelines of hospital infection control, as mentioned in the ppt. its not all the guidelines but yes a brief overview and for further details refer to hospital infection control guidelines pdf.which is available in my uploads.
This document help to hand hygiene; use of gloves, gown, mask, eye protection or face shield, depending on the anticipated exposure; and safe injection practices
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
This focuses on the Consensus Recommendations on the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infections in the Philippine Setting by Saguil, Bermudez, Antonio and Cochon, PJSS 2017.
International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in some of the most problematic areas of patient safety.
International-Patient-Safety-GoalsGoal 1: Identify patients correctly
Goal 2: Improve effective communication
Goal 3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications
Goal 4: Ensure safe surgery
Goal 5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
MR. MOHAMMAD TALAL AL JOHANY
RESPIRATORY THERAPIST
Meqaat Hospital Madina
POST TEST
https://forms.gle/apSH6sR5mRTwRvjJ6
https://youtube.com/channel/UCUlJw6wef_dhQi3TXNTkn6g
OVID-19 Management experience
What we learned from bedside experience in COVID-19 treatment
Dr. Essam A. Salem, ICU Registrar, Meeqat GENERAL.HOSPITAL, Head OF ICU Unit Meeqat General Hospital
Hassan Mohamed Ali
Associate professor of anesthesia and pain management, Anesthesia department, Cairo University.
MB.B.ch, M Sc, M.D, FCAI, DESA
Meeqat General Hospital, Madinah Munawarah
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The importance of infection control in patient care
1. THE IMPORTANCE OF INFECTION CONTROL
IN PATIENT CARE
Dr. Satti M. Saleh
Chief of Infectious Diseases Department
CBAHI SIT Member
Medical Director MGH
2. PEARLS OF WISDOM
QUALITY OF CARE
IS
AS IMPORTANT AS
QUALITY OF TREATMENT
3. International Patient Safety Goals
IPSG
IPSG.1 Identify Patients Correctly
IPSG.2 Improve Effective Communication
IPSG.3 Improve the Safety of High-Alert Medications
IPSG.4 Ensure Correct-Site, Correct-Procedure,
Correct-Patient Surgery
IPSG.5 Reduce the Risk of Health Care–
Associated Infections
IPSG.6 Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm Resulting from
Falls
5. THE PARADIGM OF STRUCTURE , PROCESS & OUTCOME
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE , PROCESS &
OUTCOME IS A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP “DONABEDIAN “
ARRANGEMENT OF
PARTS OF CARE STRUCTURE
SYSTEM OR
ELEMENT OF CARE
LEADS TO
CLINICAL
CARE DELIVERY PROCESS
ADMINISTRATIVE
LEADS TO
REFERES TO
•CLINICAL
RESULTS OF CARE
OUTCOME •FUNCTIONA
(ADVERSE OR
•PECEIVED
BENIFICIAL )
6. Infection Control Programme Structure
1) INFECTION CONTROL UNIT :-
Independent
IPP's all patient care areas
Infection control policy standard
2) CURRENT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
3) ICP : FULL TIME
4) QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
5) IC MANUAL
6) CONTINUE EDUCATION.
InfectionControl Personnel
Staff Orientation
Staff Continuous Education
7) IC COMMITTEE
7. GOAL FOR HOSPITAL INFECTION
PREVENTION &CONTROL PROGRAMMS
PROTECT THE PATIENT .
PROTECT HCWS VISITORS &OTHERS IN THE
HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT
ACCOMPLISH PREVIOUS GOALS
,WHEREVER POSSIBLE , IN A COST
EFFECTIVE MANNER
11. INCREASE PROBLEMS DUE TO :-
1-ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY
2-OVERCROWDING
3-POOR RESOURCES
4- USES OF ANTIBIOTICS
5-INCREASE INVASIVE
PROCEDURES
6-IMUNOSUPRESSION
7-SHORTAGE OF TRAINED STAFF
12. MISCONCEPTIONS ?
1-IC IS EXPENSIVE
2-DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT
3-NO RISK TO STAFF
4-BLOOD BORN PATHOGENS
5-SCREENING IN EMERGENCY
6-SCREEING IS COSTLY
13. Surveillance Program
CONTINUOUS OR PERIODIC.
DIRECTED TO ALL INFECTIONS OR TARGETED
SITES / DEVICES.
ALL NEED TO BE SUPPLEMENTED BY
MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY BASED SYSTEMS.
TECHNIQUES:
REVIEW ANTIBIOTIC RECORDS.
PATIENT / NURSING CARE RECORDS
MICROBIOLOGY RESULTS
AUGMENT BY AFTER ICU FOLLOW UP.
AUTOPSY REPORTS
14. Surveillance
INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM CLOSELY MONITORS THE
FOLLOWING:
PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF INFECTION.
PATIENTS WITH ALREADY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS.
PERSONNEL/PATIENTS EXPOSED TO COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES, CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT, OR
HAZARDOUS REAGENTS.
PATIENTS IN CERTAIN AREAS OF THE HOSPITAL OR IN
CERTAIN ROOMS.
PATIENTS IN AMBULATORY SETTINGS: HOME OR LONG-TERM
CARE FACILITIES.
SURVEILLANCE IS ALSO INVOLVED IN CLASSIFYING INFECTIONS
ACCORDING TO PREVALENCE RATES AND MONITORING
EMPLOYEE HEALTH INCLUDING SCREENING FOR DISEASES
AND OFFERING IMMUNIZATIONS.
Phlebotomy Handbook: Blood
Collection Essentials, Seventh Edition Pearson Education
Diana Garza • Kathleen Becan-McBride Copyright 2005
17. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2- PPE .
3- ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE
DISPOSAL.
18. HAND HYGIENE
. HAND HYGIENE IS THE SINGLE MOST
IMPORTANT PRACTICE TO REDUCE THE
TRANSMISSION OR INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS .
.THE TERM “HAND HYGIENE” INCLUDES :
HAND WASHING WITH EITHER PLAIN OR ANTISEPTIC
CONTAINING SOAP AND WATER .
USE OF ALCOHOL-BASED PRODUCTS ( GELS,
RINSES, FOAMS) CONTAINING AN EMOLLIENT
THAT DO NOT REQUIRE THE USE OF WATER.
19. RATIONALE
TRANSIENT FLORA (Contaminating or non –
colonizing)
Attached to the superficial layer of skin.
Microbes isolated from skin not consistently
present in majority of persons associated with
HCAI .
RESIDENT FLORA
Attached to deeper layer of the skin
persistently isolated from skin of most persons
(cons, diphtheriods )
20.
21. TYPE OF HAND HYGIENE
1) Intensity of contact .
2) Degree of contamination .
3) Susceptibility of patient to infection .
4) Prove dure to be performed .
22.
23. HAND HYGIENE
In the absence of visible soiling of hands,
approved alcohol-based products for hand
disinfection are preferred over hand
washing with water and antimicrobial or
plain soap because of their superior
microbiocidal activity, reduced drying of
the skin, and convenience.
24. HAND HYGIENE
In observational studies of opportunities for
hand washing in health care workers in U.S.A
The overall compliance was 40% (range 5 –
81%) .
Compliance was highest among nurses and
lowest among physicians, in intensive care
units, and when required intensity of care was
greater .
25. HAND WASHING STUDY IN RIYADH
MEDICAL COMPLEX-GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Overall frequency of hand washing .
23.7% after patient contact .
6.7% before patient contact .
26. HAND WASHING
Health care infection control practices
advisory committee (HICPAC) former
recommendations
Plain soap and water was recommended for
routine hand washing.
Antimicrobial soaps (e.g. : chlorhexidine) was
recommended for :
- Patients under contact precautions .
- During instances of epidemic or hyperendemic
spread of infections.
27. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2-Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
.
3- ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE DISPOSAL.
28. What are Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)?
Items specified for
protection of many parts
of body (to reduce risks to
the health and safety of
HCWs, and to minimize
risks of cross infection
between patients, staff,
visitors) e.g. gloves,
masks, respirators,
goggles, specialized
clothing (aprons & gowns)
29. Common PPEs
Gloves
Aprons and gowns
Face, mouth, nose, eye Protection
Foot protection
Head coverings
30. Evidence shows hand washing
prevents infections, but does PPE?
If health workers currently use PPE that
doesn’t mean it is effective.
One role of Infection Control Staff is to
assess the changing risks and practices.
◦ Stop practices that are ineffective, expensive.
◦ Help institute cost-effectiveness practices of
proven efficacy.
31. Last reminder
Don’t assume current PPE use is effective
Assess where and how employees are getting
exposed to body fluids and harmful exposures.
Assess how patients are getting disease from
staff
Select PPE that rationally protects patients
and staff.
Measure costs.
32. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2- PPE
3- ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE
DISPOSAL.
33. ASEPSIS (ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE)
REFERS TO PRCEDURES PERFORMED
UNDER STERILE CONDITION
DEFINED AS A SET OF SPECIFIC PRACTICES
& PROCEDURES PERFORMED UNDER
CAREFULLY CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
WITH THE GOALOF MINIMIZING
CONTAMINATION BY PATHOGENS
e.g. DRAIN REMOVAL & CARE
RESPIRATORY SUCTION
34. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2- PPE
3- ASEPTICTECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OFINSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE DISPOSAL.
35. REPROCESSING OF REUSABLE INSTRUMENTS
CLEANED & MAINTAINED ACCORDING
TO MANIFACTURER INSTRUCTIONS
SINGLE USE DEVICES DISCARDED
AFTER ONE PATIENT
DEVICES FLOW FROM HIGH
CONTAMINATION TO STERILE AREA
DEVICES STORED IN A MANNER TO
PROTECT FROM DAMAGE
36. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2- PPE .
3- ASEPTICTECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE
DISPOSAL.
37. 5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING
SURFACE CLEANED & DISINFECTED
CLEANERS & DISINFECTANTS ARE
USED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
MANIFACTIORER INSTRUCTIONS.
38. A-ESSENTIAL STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
1- HAND HYGIENE.
2- PPE .
3- ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
4- REPROCESSING OF INSTRUMENT
/STERILE SERVICES
5- ENVIROMENTAL CLEANING.
6- PROPER SHARPS &WASTE DISPOSAL.
39. Factors which increase risk of
infection
Deep injury.
Visible blood on the device.
High viral titer.
Artery or vein device.
Combined factors.
Un-immunized against hepatitis B.
No post exposure prophylaxis with Zidovidine
(prophylaxis decrease risk by 80%).
1/21/2013 39
40. Risk of Transmission of
Blood born Infection
Occupational Risk of
Exposure Transmission
Hepatitis B Virus 2-40%
Hepatitis C Virus 2.7-10%
HIV 0.3% (1 in 300
chance of infection)
1/21/2013 40
41. Hazards of Needle stick injuries
Hepatitis B and C.
HIV.
Brucellosis.
Malaria.
S. aureus and S. pyogenes.
Toxoplasmosis.
Tuberculosis.
1/21/2013 41
43. B-Transmission-Based
Precautions
Three categories of Transmission-
based Precautions :
Contact Precautions .
Droplet Precautions .
Airborne Precautions .
44. Contact transmission
Examples of organisms spread by contact:
Multi-drug-resistant organisms in the
gastrointestinal tract, sputum, or wounds
(MRSA, MDR Gram –ve, VRE).
Clostridium difficile.
Herpes simplex virus (mucocutaneous).
Scabies.
45. Contact precautions
. Wash hands with antimicrobial soap before leaving
the patient's room .
. Minimize risk or environmental contamination
during patient transport (e.g. patient can be
placed in a gown ).
. Patient’s care devices ( e.g. thermometer , BP
cuffs , stethoscopes ) should be dedicated to use
for a single patient if possible , otherwise, they
should be rigorously cleansed and disinfected
before use for other patients .
46. Contact precautions
. Private room preferred; cohorting allowed if necessary .
. The door of the room may remain open .
. Gloves :
- upon entering room .
- change gloves after contact with contaminated secretions .
- should be removed before leaving the room .
. Gown:
- if clothing may come into contact with the patient or environmental
surfaces .
- should be removed before leaving the room .
47. DROPLET TRANSMISSION
Respiratory droplets are large particles (>5 micron) expelled
during :-
- Coughing .
- Sneezing .
- Talking.
- During procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscope .
Droplets travel < 1,5 meter from the source patient .
Example :
• Neisseria meningitides .
• Haemophilus influenza type b ( invasive ) .
• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) .
• Mycoplasma pneumonia .
48. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
Private room preferred; cohorting allowed if
necessary.
Special air handling and ventilation are
unnecessary .
The door of the room may remain open .
Wear a mask when within 1 meter of the
patient .
Mask the patient during transport .
49. AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
Airborne spreads upon aerosolization of small particles
(=< 5 micron) of the infectious agent that can then
travel over long distances through the air .
Most common nosocomial pathogens transmitted by
this route :
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
- Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) .
- Measles .
- Smallpox.
- ? SARS .
50. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
Place the patient in a negative pressure room
with at least 6 – 12 air exchanges per hour .
Room exhaust must be appropriately
discharged outdoors or passed through a
HEPA ( high – efficiency particulate aerator )
filter before recirculation within the hospital .
The door of the room should be kept closed .
51. Precautions Needed for Cases
Condition Type Duration
Pulmonary TB S+A Till sputum Negative
Chicken Pox S+A Till rash crusted
M-meningitis S+D 24 Hrs
HIV S Duration of stay
Clinical Syndromes:
Empiric precautions as per clinical presentation
62. a) CSSD
b) House Keeping
c) Mortuary & Postmortem
Written policy disinfection & cleaning morgue temperature (2-8) logged daily
d) Kitchen
Environment & function Food container Food protection PPE Staff health & screening Written policy
e)Laundry
Linen management Laundry structure & function
f)Haemodialysis Staff knowledge
-PPE Standard precaution Structure Patient Medical Records (Screen Vaccination) Staff Medical
Record
-Haemodialysis water dialysate Water treatment -Written policy
g) Operating Room
Structure Traffic Control Pressure gradient & air cycle Cleaning Written policy
64. STERILIZATION OF REUSABLE INSTRUMENTS
&DEVICES
STERILIZATION
PROCESS OF ELIMENATING
(REMOVING)OR KILING MICROBIAL
ORGANISMS PRESENTING ON THE
SURFACE OR IN FLUID OR MEDIA
METHODS:-
◦ HEAT
◦ IRRADIATION
◦ CHEMICAL
◦ HIGH PRESSURE
◦ RADIATION
65. DISINFECTION
THE PROCESS OR ACT OF
DISTROYING PATHOGENIC MICRO-
ORGANISMS OR MAKING THEM
INERT (SOME CERTAIN BACTERIA
SPORES MAY SURVIVE)
COULD BE CHEMICAL OR BY HEAT
67. CLEANING
REMOVAL OF VISIBLE SOIL FROM
OBJECT & SURFACES
IT’S A FORM OF DECONTAMINATION
68. OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION
OUTBREAKS ARE RECOGNIZED BY:-
◦ PRACTITIONER
◦ PATIENT &PATIENT FAMILY
◦ PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
◦ LOCAL DATD-MEDIA
69. OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION
REASONS TO INVESTIGATE :-
◦ PREVENT ADDITIONAL CASES
◦ PREVENT FUTURE CASES OUTBREAK
◦ LEARN ABOUT NEW DISEASES
◦ LEARN SOMETHING NEW ABOUT OLD
DISEASES
◦ REASSURE THE PUBLIC
◦ ECONOMIC &SOCIAL REASONS
70. OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION
CONDUCTING AN OUTBREAK
INVESTIGATION:-
◦ CASE INVESTIGATION
◦ CAUSE INVESTIGATION
◦ CONTROL MEASURES SHOULD BE DONE
EARLY
◦ CONDUCT ANALYTIC STUDY IF NECESSARY
◦ CONCLUSIONS
◦ CONTINUE SURVEILLANCE
◦ COMMUNICATE FINDINGS eg.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL,CLINICAL,FORENSIC
INVESTIGATION