This document discusses the importance of proper hand hygiene for healthcare workers. It explains that hands can transfer pathogens between patients through the resident and transient bacteria on the skin. Failure to properly cleanse hands between patients or during patient care can lead to cross-contamination and healthcare-associated infections. The document provides guidance on when handwashing and hand antisepsis is required, such as before and after patient contact, after using the restroom, or if hands are visibly soiled. It also describes proper handwashing technique and highlights frequently missed areas that require special attention during cleansing.

1. HAND HYGIENE
Dr. Kanwal Deep Singh Lyall

3. Hand Hygiene
• Hand hygiene: A general term that applies to either
handwashing, antiseptic handwash, antiseptic hand
rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.
• Hand antisepsis: Refers to either antiseptic handwash
or antiseptic hand rub.
• Handwashing: Washing hands with plain (i.e., non-
antimicrobial) soap and water.

4. WHY DO WE NEED IT ?

5. The Microbial Flora Of The Skin Can Be
Divided Into Two Categories:
a. Resident microorganisms
b. Transient microorganisms
• Associated with HAI
• Non-colonizing flora are easily removed by routine
hand washing

6. Transmission Of Pathogens By HandsTransmission Of Pathogens By Hands

7. Organisms present on patient skin orOrganisms present on patient skin or
the immediate environmentthe immediate environment

8. Organism transfer from patient toOrganism transfer from patient to
HCWs’ handsHCWs’ hands

9. Organism survival on HCWs’ handsOrganism survival on HCWs’ hands

10. Incorrect hand cleansingIncorrect hand cleansing

11. Failure to cleanse hands results inFailure to cleanse hands results in
between-patient cross-transmissionbetween-patient cross-transmission

12. Failure to cleanse hands results inFailure to cleanse hands results in
between-patient cross-transmissionbetween-patient cross-transmission

13. Failure to cleanse hands during patient careFailure to cleanse hands during patient care
results in within-patient cross-transmissionresults in within-patient cross-transmission

14. When do we require to wash hands ?

15. Indications
Wash hands with soap and water :
•Visibly dirty or contaminated with proteinaceous material
•Visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids
•After using the restroom.
•Preferably use an alcohol-based hand rub for routine hand
antisepsis if hands not visibly soiled.

16. Routine Hand Wash After…….Routine Hand Wash After…….
• Invasive procedures
• Taking care of particularly susceptible patients
• Dealing with wounds, whether surgical, traumatic, or by an
invasive device.
• Situations where contamination of hands is likely to occur
• Touching inanimate sources likely to be contaminated
• Using the toilet or latrine
• Removing gloves
• BEFORE and AFTER contact with patients

17. Types Of Hand HygieneTypes Of Hand Hygiene

18. Agents

19. Spectrum

21. Hand Washing TechniquesHand Washing Techniques

22. Hand Wash Technique

23. Your 5 Moments for Hand HygieneYour 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene

24. Frequently Missed Areas When HandwashingFrequently Missed Areas When Handwashing

25. Before And After HandwashBefore And After Handwash

26. Other Aspects Of Hand HygieneOther Aspects Of Hand Hygiene
• Do not wear artificial fingernails or extenders when
having direct contact with patients.
• Keep natural nails short (tips less than 0.5 cm long).

28. Thank You

30. Year HCV – RNA HBV - DNA
2008 302 183
2009 1277 493
2010 1267 567
2011 1139 603
2012 1228 597
2013 1219 649
TND <25 >25 - <3.9 x
108
>3.9 x
108
TND <6 ≥29 - ≤ 1.1
x 108
1.1 x
108
428 21 770 - 106 68 433 42