1. Excretion occurs in various ways across different organisms.
2. Sponges and hydra rely on diffusion and osmosis to excrete waste, while flatworms use flame cells for filtration.
3. Annelids possess nephridia, arthropods have malpighian tubules, and crustaceans use antennal glands and green glands for excretion.
1. Excretion occurs in various ways across different organisms.
2. Sponges and hydra rely on diffusion and osmosis to excrete waste, while flatworms use flame cells for filtration.
3. Annelids possess nephridia, arthropods have malpighian tubules, and crustaceans use antennal glands and green glands for excretion.
Employee relationship management (ERM) refers to managing the relationships between employees and employers within an organization. ERM aims to control core issues like communication, conflict management, and employee growth. An online ERM system allows all employee information, contacts, duties, and documents like tax forms to be in one place and editable by employees. It also facilitates communication, monitors employee growth and satisfaction, ensures timely salary payments, and generates various reports to analyze productivity and performance over time. The benefits of ERM include reduced time and manual work while increasing productivity, performance, and proper communication within an organization.
This document discusses different approaches to industrial relations, including the unitary approach, pluralistic approach, and Marxist approach. The unitary approach views conflicts as temporary and unnecessary, while the pluralistic approach sees conflicts as inevitable due to competing interests. The Marxist approach views all strikes as political and conflicts as a product of capitalism. The document also covers parties involved in industrial relations such as employees, employers, unions, courts, and government. It analyzes reactive and proactive strategies and factors affecting strategies. Finally, it discusses industrial relations decisions and the role of human resource managers in keeping employees satisfied to reduce conflicts.
