This document summarizes four plants from the Solanaceae family: belladonna, hyocyamus, stramonium, and capsicum. Belladonna, hyocyamus, and stramonium are perennial herbs that are indigenous to Europe and Asia. They contain alkaloids that are used as antispasmodics, narcotics, and to relieve asthma symptoms. Capsicum is a perennial shrub native to America and cultivated in tropical regions. It contains capsaicin and is used externally as a stimulant and internally to treat dyspepsia and flatulence. The document provides details on the botanical origin, common names, parts used, constituents, and medical uses of each plant.

1. SOLANACEAE

2. BELLADONNA

3. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Atropa
belladonna
• Common Name: Belladonna leaf, belladonna
herb, deadly nightshade leaf.
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering or
fruiting tops.
• Habit: Perennial herb
• Habitat: Indigenous to central and southern
Europe and to Asia Minor
Cultivated in England, Germany
India and United states.

4. • Constituents:
It contains alkaloids. The
prominent base is l- hyoscyamine. The
other alkaloids are
• Atropine
• Apotropine
• Belladonnine
Volatile bases
• Homatropine
• rutin

5. N-oxide
N-methylpyrroline

6. • MEDICINAL USES:
As adjunctive therapy in the treatment of
peptic ulcer, functional digestive disorders
including spastic, mucous and ulcerative
colitis.
Due to anticholinergic properties used to control
excess motor activity of GIT and spasm of
urinary tract.
As anticholinergic
Narcotic
sedative

7. • Diuretic
• Mydriatic
• Anodyne

8. HYOCYAMUS

9. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Hyoscyamus niger
• Common Name: Henbane, hyoscyamus
• Part used: Dried leaves with or without stem
and flowering or fruiting tops.
• Habit: Annual/biennial herb
• Habitat: Indigenous Europe, west Asia, Africa
Cultivated in England, Germany
Belgium.

10. • Constituents:
It contains alkaloid
hyoscyamine together with small quantities
of Atropine and Hyoscine ( scopolamine)
Other constituents are
• Hyoscytricin
• Mucilage
• Albumin
• Calcium oxalate

11. • MEDICINAL USES:
• Antispasmodic
• Narcotic
• Hypnotic
• Mild Diuretic

12. STRAMONIUM

13. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Datura
stramonium
• Common Name: Devil’s apple, Jimson weed,
• Part used: Dried leaves with or without stem
and flowering or fruiting tops.
• Habit: Annual/biennial herb
• Habitat: Indigenous Europe, west Asia, Africa
Cultivated in England, Germany
Belgium.

14. • Constituents:
It contains alkaloid
hyoscyamine and Hyoscine ( scopolamine)
It also contains
• Protein
• Atropine
• Albumin
• 6-hydroxyhyoscyamine
• Skimmianine

15. • Acetyl derivatives of caffeic, p-
coumaric and ferulic acid
• MEDICINAL USES:
• Antispasmodic
• Narcotic
• Anodyne
• Used to relieve spasm of bronchioles in
asthma
• Used to treat parkinsonism, boils, sores and
fish bite.

16. CAPSICUM

17. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Capsicum annum,
capsicum minimum
• Common Name: Chillies, red pepper, Mirch
• Part used: Dried ripe fruit.
• Habit: Perennial shrub
• Habitat: Native to America
Cultivated in tropical regions od
India, Japan, Europe, Sri Lanka

18. • Constituents:
It contains
• Fixed oils
• Oleoresin
• Carotenoids
• Thiamine
• Ascorbic acid

19. • The resin contain pungent principle
Capsaicin.
• Carbohydrates reported are
• Fructose, galactose and sucrose
• MEDICINAL USES:
• As external stimulant
• Counter-irritant
• Rubefacient
• Internally used as
• Carminative

20. • Stomachic
• Dyspepsia
• Flatulence