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Poisonous plants
- 2. POISONOUS PLANT Any plant possessing a property injurious to man or animal is a poisonous plant. Plant may be poisonous to touch. Example: Poison ivy, Poison Sumac Or orally toxic. Example: Poisonous Hemlock. Many poisonous plants have great medicinal value. Example: Digitalis Bellaadonna and Aconite.
- 3. Some have been used for hunting poisons Example: Strychinine For insecticides. Example: Pyrethrum.
- 5. •Scientific name: Gloriosa superba •Common name: Flame lily, tiger claw •Poisonous part: The entire plant •Poisonous content: Colchicine
- 6. Clinical features of poisoning : Initial symptoms develop within 6- 12 hours of ingestion •burning throat •numbness •itching •nausea •intense vomitting •diarrhoea with blood and mucous
- 7. These lead to ; electrolyte imbalance Dehydration • • • Tachycardia In severe cases there may be • • • • Respiratory depression Confusion Coma Death occurs due to respiratory failure.
- 8. Treatment: •Hopitalize the patient immediately •Induce vomitting / gastric lavage •Give repeated activated charcoal
- 10. • Scientific name: • • • • Conium maculatum Common name: Hemlock/ poison hemlock Family: Apiaceae Poisonous part: Leaves Poisonous content: Piperidine alkaloid connine, N-methyl connine, conhydrine, pseudoconhydrine
- 11. Descriptio n:It is a biennial herbaceous plant. Leaves are triangular. Flowers are small white and clustered. History: In ancient Greece hemlock was used to poison condemned prisoners. Fatal dose: Ingestion of 100mg (0.1g) of connine, about 6-8 fresh leaves can be fatal
- 12. Symptom s:•Disrupt the working of CNS •Bradycardia •Acute renal failure •Fatal neuromuscular blockage of respiratory muscles Treatment: Administration of active charcoal within one hr. of ingestion Sympathomimetics may be needed (benzodiazipine, atropine etc)
- 14. • Scientific name: • • • • • Strychnos nux-vomica Common name: Poison nut, bitter nut Family: Loganaceae Poisonous part: seed (although all parts are toxic) Poisonous content: Strychine, brucine Lethal dose: The quantity of strychine in one seed can be fatal
- 15. Toxicit y:Symptoms appear within 15-30 mins of ingestion •Suffocation •Twitching of the muscles of neck, body & limbs •Extreme contractions of al muscles in the body •Renal failure •Death is caused by muscular paralysis Treatment: •Activated charcoal •Support respiratory and cardiovascular functions •When convulsions and hyperactivity are completely controlled, gastric lavage can be performed safely
- 17. • Scientific name: • • • • • Hyacinthus orientalis Common name: hyacinth Family: Liliaceae Poisonous part: Bulb, flowers and leaves Poisonous content: oxalic acid Lethal dose:Bulb is most toxic and should not be ingeated under any circumstances
- 18. Descriptio n:It is a herbaceous flowering plant It bears purple flowers Flowers grow around the spike like stem Toxicity: •Nausea •Colic •Vomiting •Diarrhoea •Depression •Tremors Treatment: Always seek professional medical advice
- 19. IRIS VERSICOLOR
- 20. • Scientific name: • • • • Iris versicolor Common name: blue flag/ poison flag Family: Iridaceae Poisonous part: Rhizomes Poisonous content: irisin, iridin
- 21. Descriptio n:It is perenial herb With blue or purple flowers It may be 1-3 ft. tall Toxicity: •Minor skin irritation when touched If ingested, •Nausea •Vomitting •Abdominal pain •diarrhoea •Fever
- 23. • Scientific name: • • • • Euphorbia tirucalli Common name: Fire stick plant, pencil tree Family: Euphorbiaceae Poisonous part: Latex Poisonous content: Euphorbon
- 24. Descriptio n:Dioecious. Succulent cactus-like milky tree. Leaves are small Flowers are yellow in colour The plant grows in arid and mesophytic zones Toxicity: •Severe inflammation of walls of stomach and intestines on exposure to skin, •Skin irritation •Burning sensation Contact with eyes, •Severe pain •In some cases temporary blindness for several days
- 25. Treatment :For eye exposure, •Flushing eyes with fresh and cool water for atleast 15 mins. For skin contact, Over the counter anti histamine drugs .if swallowed , must seek medicalattetion
- 26. CALADIUM
- 27. • Scientific name: • • • • caladium Common name: elephant’s ears Family: araceae Poisonous part: entire plant Poisonous content:Calcium oxalate crystals, asparagine
- 28. Descriptio n:It is a topical plant Leaves are arrow shaped No flowers grow on this plant Toxicity: •Nausea •Diarrhoea •Burning of eyes •Vomiting •Swelling of mouth or tongue Treatment: •Rinse the affected area with milk or water •Induce vomiting
- 29. DATUR A METEL
- 30. • Scientific name: • Datura metel Common name: • • • Devil’s trumpet, downy thorn-apple Family: Solanaceae Poisonous part: All parts Poisonous content: Tropane alkaloids
- 31. Descriptio n:Its an annual shrub with large flowers Flower are white or yellow Leaves are simple an alternate Lethal dose: Ingesting even a single leaf could lead to severe side effects Symptoms: •Thirsty mouth •Blurred vision •Urinary retention Cardiovascular, •Tachycardia •Arrhythmia
- 32. Severe poisoning,•Disorientation •Hallucinations •Respiratory depression •Coma Treatment •Induce emesis or gastric lavage •Catheterization to empty bladder if necessary •Diazepam for hallucinations
- 33. CANNABI S SATIVA
- 34. • Scientific name: • • • • cannabis sativa Common name: Marijuana Family: cannabaceae Poisonous part: All parts Poisonous content: • canabiol, canabinolic acid, canabinoids Lethal dose: 0.035mg/kg
- 35. Descriptio n:Herbaceous plant Throughout source of seed oil, industrial fibre and medicine Toxicity: •Tachycardia •Increased systolic pressure •Acute irritative effect •Cough •Hallucinations •Fear •Confusion
- 36. Treatment :Intoxication within 4-6 hrs. In case of overdose medical supervision is needed.
- 37. URTIC A DIOICA
- 38. • Scientific name: • • • • • Urtica dioica Common name: Common Nettle Family: Urticaceae Poisonous part: Hair like strucutures on leaves Each stinging hair pierces the skin and injects histamine, causing itching and burning for 12 hrs.
- 39. Descriptio n:Poisonous tiny hair present on the edges of leaves Soft green leaves, 3-15cm long The hair of leaves cause a painful sting. Toxicity: •Skin reaction Treatment: •Anti-histaminics •Calamine lotion
- 41. • Scientific name: • • • • Thevetia peruviana Common name: yellow oleander, lucky nut Family: apocyanaceae Poisonous part: seeds (although all parts are toxic) Poisonous content: thevetin A , thevetin B
- 42. Toxicit y:Early symptoms, •Burning sensation in mouth •Tingling of tongue •Dry throat •Nausea •Vomiting •Diarrhoea Cardiovascular, •Bradycardia •Arrythmia Other, •Yellow vision •Anxiety •Convulsions •Coma
- 43. Treatment :•Induce emesis at home •Gastric lavage within 1 hr. •Atropine 0.5mg IV for bradycardia
- 45. • Scientific name: • • • • Ricinus cuminus Linn Common name: castor bean Family: Euphorbiaceae Poisonous part: seeds are most toxic, leaves are also poisonous Poisonous content: Ricin
- 46. Lethal dose:1mg/kg pure ricin in man •Ingestion of a single well chewed seed can cause death •1-3 seeds can be fatal to a child •2-4 seeds can cause severe poisoning in an adult •Poisoning is unlikely if the seeds are swallowed without chewing Toxicity: Early on, •Burning sensation of the mouth and throat After 3-6 hrs., •Nausea •Vomiting •Severe abdominal pain •Diarrhoea resulting in dehydration
- 47. Cardiovascula r,•Hypotension •Tachycardia Other, •Prostration •Blur vision •Loss of conciousness •Uremia Treatment: •Induce emesis •Immediate gastric lavage •Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance immediately
- 48. DIFFENBACHIA
- 49. • Scientific name: • Diffenbachia Common name:dumb cane, mother-in-law • • • Family: Araceae Poisonous part: leaves Poisonous content: calcium oxalate crystals
- 50. Descriptio n:It is a pernnial herbaceous plant. Simple and alternate leaves are present containing white spots and flecks Toxicity: Mastication and ingestion result in , •Intense numbing •Oral irritation •Excessive drooling •Localized swelling Treatment: •Analgesic agents •antihistamines
- 51. PLUMERI A RUBRA
- 52. • Scientific name:Plumeria rubra • • • • Common name: Red jasmine, temple tree Family: Apocynaceae Poisonous part: All parts Poisonous content: Alkaloids
- 53. Descriptio n:Large shrubs Reach high 30 to 40 inches Fragrant and clustered flowers Leaves are prolong, thick and branched Toxicity: •Irritant to skin •Mild stomach ache Treatment: •Wash the effected area with soap •If accidently eaten, induce vomiting
- 54. Rosary pea The rosary pea, which is the source of abrin, is common to many tropical areas throughout the world and is sometimes used as an herbal remedy. The seeds of the rosary pea have been used to make beaded jewelry, which can lead to abrin poisoning if the seeds are swallowed.
- 55. Deadly nightshade Deadly nightshade, belladonna, Devil's cherries (Atropa belladonna) The original range of Atropa belladonna was from southern Europe to Asia but today is naturalized in many parts of the world. Photo credit: Smithsonian Institution. This extremely poisonous plant has a long and colorful history of use and abuse.
- 56. Castro bean Castor is a plant that produces seeds (beans). Castor oil is produced from ripe seeds that have had their outer covering (hull) removed. Castor oil has been used as a medicine for centuries.
- 57. datura Datura is a genus of nine species of poisonous vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. They are commonly known as thornapples or jimsonweeds but are also known as devil's trumpets (not to be confused with angel's trumpets, which are placed in the closely related genus Brugmansia). Rank: Genus Lower classifications: Jimsonweed Displayed higher classification: Nightshade
- 58. dieffenbachia Dieffenbachia tolerates a wide range of light conditions. They will grow in heavy shade and can be used in dark areas of the home, but growth will be slowed. Best growth is achieved in bright indirect light. Best growth occurs between 65º and 75ºF.
- 59. oleander Nerium oleander, most commonly known as nerium or oleander, is a shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, cultivated worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas as an ornamental and landscaping plant. It is the only species currently classified in the genus Nerium.
- 60. foxglove Description. Foxglove, also called Digitalis purpurea, is a common biennial garden plant that contains digitoxin, digoxin, and other cardiac glycosides. ... During the first year, foxglove produces only leaves. In its second season it produces a tall, leafy flowering stalk that grows 3–4 ft (0.9–1.2 m) tall.
- 61. Strychnine tree Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, also known as nux vomica, poison nut, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium- sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are ovate and 2–3.5 inches (5.1–8.9 cm) in size.
- 62. Daffodil Daffodils, the flowers symbolizing friendship, are some of the most popular flowers exclusively due to their unmatched beauty. Daffodils belong to the genus Narcissus. Daffodil flowers have a trumpet-shaped structure set against a star- shaped background. Often the trumpet is in a contrasting color from the background.
- 63. Lily of the valley Lily of the valley, (Convallaria majalis), fragrant perennial herb and only species of the genus Convallaria in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). Native to Eurasia and eastern North America, lily of the valley is cultivated in shaded garden areas in many temperate parts of the world.
- 64. Bleeding heart Bleeding heart is deciduous plant. It discards leaves at the end of the summer. Bleeding heart develops pink, heart- shaped flowers (petals are white from the inside) with small, white, drop-like hanging part on the bottom side (hence the name "bleeding heart"). ... Bleeding heart blooms during the spring and summer.
- 65. Azalea The two main groups of azaleas include evergreen and deciduous. These two varieties drop their leaves in the fall and can be found almost anywhere in North America. ... There are some azaleas that grow five petals on their blossoms and some that have 10 to 12 petals.
- 66. Frangipani Frangipani is commonly used as a specimen tree making a fantastic impact on its own or in a tropical garden design. They're also great in large pots in courtyards or on balconies too. Height: they can grow up to 8 metres high but dwarf varieties are also available. Width: up to 4 metres wide.
- 67. wisteria Wisteria is a long-lived vining plant with cascades of blue to purple flowers that look spectacular hanging from a pergola or archway in spring and early summer. However, this vine is a fast and aggressive grower—often reaching 30+ feet long—and is known to grow quite heavy.
- 68. Hydrangea Hydrangeas are among the easiest flowering plants for a backyard garden, but they can grow into very large shrubs. Those with smaller gardens can still enjoy these plants by planting smaller varieties. Learn more about dwarf hydrangea varieties here.
- 69. Anthurium The Anthurium Plant Has More Than 1000 Species Anthurium are also the largest genus in the arum family, Araceae. Characterized by their bright tropical appearance , anthurium can be as diverse as they are beautiful
- 70. Rosary pea Deadly nightshade Castro bean datura dieffenbachia oleander
- 71. foxglove Strychnine tree Daffodil Lily of the valley Bleeding heart Azalea Frangipani wisteria Hydrangea Anthurium