family 2nd prof

1. SCROPHULARIACEA

2. • Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a
family of flowering plants.
• The family name is based on the name of the
included genus Scrophularia L.
• Including about 275 genera and over 5,000
species
• HABIT:
The plants are annual or perennial herbs or
under-shrubs.

3. HABITAT:
Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a
cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority
found in temperate areas, including tropical
mountains.
• STEM:

4. • LEAVES:
Leaves are simple, alternate, opposite or
whorled exstipulate and some times exhibit
heterophylly.
• INFLORESCENCE:
Racemose (Raceme or spike) and
sometimes cymose. It can be axillary or
terminal. Flowers are solitary in some species.

5. • FLOWER:
Zygomorphic, two-lipped and some
times personate( two lips in the form of a
face ). Bisexual and Hypogynous. Bracts
and bracteoles are generally present.
• COROLLA:
5 petals, gamopetalous, often two lipped
and sometimes spurred or saccate (A bony
outgrowth or sac like). Zygomorphic and
rarely regular.

6. • CALYX:
5 sepals, gamosepalous five lobbed and
often imbricate (to overlap in a regular pattern)
• ANDROCEIUM:
4 stamens, didynamous, sometimes 2,
arching over in pairs.
• GYNAECIUM:
Bicarpillary, syncarpous, ovary superior,
bilocular. Placentation is axile.

7. • FRUIT:
Mostly capsule and sometimes berry.

8. DIGITALIS

9. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Digitalis lanata,
Digitalis purpurea
• Common Name: Grecian foxglove, Purple
foxglove, Digitalis
• Digitalis is from Latin word-----Digitus---
Finger (Finger shaped corolla)
• Purpurea is a latin word-------purple colour

10. • Part used: Dried leaves
• Habit: Biennial herb
• Habitat: D. lanata is found in Europe,
England and India.
D. purpurea is found in England,
Germany , France, India, Mexico,
Nepal.

11. Constituents: D. purpurea
It also contains primary and
secondary glycosides. Primary glycosides
are
Purpurea glycoside A (3 digitoxose,1glucose)
Purpurea glycoside B (3digitoxose, 1 glucose)
Glucogitaloxin.(3 digitoxose, 1 glucose)
Purpurea A and B are present in fresh leaves

12. • Digitoxigenin-------Purpurea glycoside A
• Gitoxigenin-------- Purpurea glycoside B
• Gitaloxigenin------Gluco-gitaloxin
D. lanata
• Digitoxigenin-------Lanatoside A
• Gitoxigenin----------Lanatoside B
• Gitaloxigenin--------Lanatoside E
• Digoxigenin------- Lanatoside C
• Diginatigenin-------Lanatoside D

14. • and on hydrolysis by the enzyme
digipuridase yield digitoxin and glucose or
gitoxin and glucose.
D. lanata
It also contains cardiac glycosides
like lanatoside A, B, C and E. Lanatoside A
and B are acetyl derivatives purpurea A and
B. On hydrolysis Lanatoside C yields
digoxin.

15. Constituents:

16. MEDICINAL USES
D.Purpurea
Used in chronic heart failure
Also used in the treatment of internal
hemorrhages, in inflammatory diseases , in
epilepsy and other diseases.
D lanata
has cardiac effect 3to 4 times greater than
purpurea.
Commercial source of digoxin
Used in the treatment of CHF

17. VERBASCUM

18. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Verbascum thapus
• Common Name: Mullein leaves
• Part used: Dried leaves
• Habit: Biennial herb
• Habitat: Found in Europe, Africa and Asia

19. Constituents
• Polysaccharides
• Iridoid glycosides
• Flavonoids
• Saponins
• Volatile oil

20. • MEDICINAL USES
• Demulcent, Emollient- the polysaccharide
mucilage and gums soothe irritated tissues
• Expectorant- saponins stimulate fluid
production
• Anti-inflammatory- iridoid glycosides and
flavonoids decrease inflammation
• Mild Diuretic
• Anti-viral