The document discusses two plants from the Papaveraceae family - Papaver somniferum and Sangunaria canadensis. P. somniferum, or opium poppy, is a source of opium which contains alkaloids like morphine and codeine that are used medicinally to relieve pain and as hypnotics. S. canadensis, or bloodroot, contains isoquinoline alkaloids like sanguinarine and is used as an emetic, expectorant, and in toothpaste for gum diseases. Both plants contain various alkaloids that have medical applications but can also be toxic in large doses.

1. PAPAVERACEAE FAMILY

2. • The Papaveraceae, or the poppy family
• Many plants in the Papaveraceae are
economically important plants, widely grown
for their attractive flowers .

3. • Papaveraceae plants are mostly herbaceous.
It comprises comprising about 44 genera and
770 species
• HABIT:
The plants may be annual, biennial, or
perennial herbs with milky or yellowish latex.
• HABITAT:
It is widely distributed all over the
temperate regions. Most species are found in
Northern hemispheres.

4. • STEM:
Herbaceous, erect, cylindrical, and
branched.
• LEAVES:
Radical rather large, alternate or the upper
one sometimes opposite, simple lobed or
deeply divided or compound.

5. • INFLORESCENCE:
The terminal flowers solitary in most species. In
others the terminal inflorescence is cymose or
racemose
• FLOWER:
Hermaphrodite, actinomorphic or zygomorphic,
Hypogynous, di or trimerous. Ebracteate and
pedicellate, large and showy
• CALYAX:
Sepals 2-3, free, caducous, inferior

6. • COROLLA:
Petals 4 or more, free in two whorls.
• ANDROCEIUM:
Stamens numerous occasionally 4 or 2, free,
alternating, whorls.

7. • GYNAECIUM:
Polycarpillary, syncarpous, uni locular
ovules usually numerous, placentation
parietal.
• FRUIT:
Capsule dehiscing by pores or valves.

8. PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM

9. •
• BOTANICAL ORIGION: Papaver
somniferum
• Common Name: Crude Opium, Gum opium,
post, Afim.
• Part used: Dried milky latex obtained by
incision from unripe capsules.
• Habit: Annual herb
• Habitat: Found in Turkey, India, Pakistan,
Iran, Thailand.

10. COLLECTION
• OCT – MARCH
• Unripe capsules are
incised longitudinally
up to 1mm depth.
• Latex turns brown
when come in contact
with air

11. • Constituents:
It contains more than 30
alkaloids and 6 main ones are6 main ones are
• MorphineMorphine
• CodeineCodeine
• ThebaineThebaine
• NoscapineNoscapine
• NarceineNarceine
• papaverinepapaverine

12. • Morphine Type:
of benzyl isoquinoline system.
Morphine
Pseudo or oxymorphine
Codeine
Thebaine
belongs to phenantherene ring system
Codeine is an ether of morphine and is used
medicinally

13. • Phthalide Isoquinoline Type:
Noscapine
Oxynarcotine
Narceine
Narcotoline
• Benzyl Isoquinoline Type:
Papaverine
Codamine
Laudanidine

14. • Cryptopine Type:
Protopine
Cryptopine
It also contains
Meconic acid(free and in combination with
morphine)
Sugars
Salts
Albumins
Colouring matter

15. • MEDICINAL USES:
Opium & Morphine:
Relieve pain
Hypnotics (affect the sensory nerve cells of the
cerebrum).
Opium (closely resembles morphine) – exerts
action more slowly – preferable to morphine
(e.g in diarrhoea).
Opium: also a diaphoretic

16. Codeine
Milder sedative
Relieve cough
Habitual use may cause constipation
Both Morphine & Codeine decrease
metabolism
Codeine – was used to treat diabetes (before
the introduction of insulin

17. SANGUNARIA CANDENSIS

18. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Sangunaria
canadensis
• Common Name: Blood root, Red root
• Part used: Dried rhizomes and roots
• Habit: Perennial herb
• Habitat: United states of America and Canada
• Constituents:
Mainly contain
Isoquinoline alkaloids

19. That is
Sanguinarine
Chelerthrine
Protopine
Allocryptopine
Other constituents are
Starch
Resin

20. • MEDICINAL USES:
Emetic
Expectorant
Extract is used as tooth paste in gingivi and
periodical diseases.
It is toxic if taken in large doses(more than
125mg)