The document discusses the Zingiberaceae family of plants, which includes ginger and turmeric. It describes their characteristics such as aromatic rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Ginger and turmeric are highlighted as examples. They are perennial herbs that grow in tropical regions. Both plants' dried rhizomes are used medicinally as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and to treat various other conditions. The main active compounds in ginger are volatile oils and those in turmeric include curcuminoids which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

1. ZINGIBERACEAE

2.  It is a family of flowering plants consisting of
aromatic perennial herbs with creeping
horizontal or tuberous rhizomes
 comprising of 52 genera and more than 1300
species.
 HABIT:
Plants are perennial herbs with creeping
horizontal or tuberous rhizomes and
thickened roots which usually contain
secretion sacs which have volatile oil.

3. HABITAT:
It is widely distributed throughout
tropical Africa, Asia, and the
Americas

4.  STEM:
Frequently have sympodial (forked) fleshy
rhizomes (underground stems).
.
 LEAVES:
Leaves are either radical or alternate,
simple, elliptical, Pinnately veined or parallel
veined.
The petiole generally form a sheath. The leaf
sheaths are folded tightly around each other

5. so as to give the appearance of a stem
 INFLORESCENCE:
Raceme or spike or may be solitary
 FLOWER:
Trimerous , Epigenous, Hermaphrodite,
Zygomorphic
 COROLLA:
3 petals, elongated often fused below
and superior

6.  CALYX:
3 sepals, small green superior often
united.
 ANDROCEIUM:
6 stamens, abortive and petaloid only 1 is
functional
 GYNAECIUM:
Tricarpillary, syncarpous, trilocular may
be unilocular with parietal placentation and
terminal style inferior.

8.  FRUIT:
A capsule

9. CURCUMA

10.  BOTANICAL ORIGION: Curcuma longa
 Common Name: Curcuma, turmeric, Haldi,
Yellow root
 Part used: Dried Rhizome
 Habit: Perennial herb
 Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated in
India, China, Indonesia.
Constituents:
Contains volatile oil 5% , a crystalline
colouring matter; Curcumin I along with small
amount of

11. Curcumin II
Curcumin III
Resin
Volatile oil is composed of
Cineole
Borneol
Phellandrene
Sabinene along with other constituents
like turmerone, arabinose, fructose,
glucose.

12.  MEDICINAL USES
Analgesic
Carminative
Antispasmodic
Antioxidant
Anti inflammatory
Curcumin has a protective effect on liver tissue
exposed to liver damaging drugs
Its antibacterial action prevents the bacterial
wound infections thus helps in wound
healing.

13. GINGER

14.  BOTANICAL ORIGION: Zingiber officinale
 Common Name: Zingiber, Ginger root or
rhizome.
 Part used: Dried Rhizome or roots
 Habit: Perennial herb
 Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated
tropical countries like India, China, Japan, West
indies.
Constituents:
Contains volatile oil 1-2% , pungent
resinous mass and starch.

15. Oleoresin is reponsible for the aromatic
odour and pungency consisting of 2
ketones, zingerone and shogaol.
The principle constituents of volatile oil are 3
sesquiterpenes that is zingiberene,
zingiberol and bisabolene

16.  MEDICINAL USES
Carminative
Antispasmodic
Antioxidant
Antiseptic
As condiment
stimulant