Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (high levels in bone and kidney) and the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta).PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes. It has a molecular mass of 9.4 kDa.
Parathyroid hormone (The Guyton and Hall physiology)Maryam Fida
Parathyroid hormone
Calcium salts in bone provide structural integrity of the skeleton
Calcium ions in extracellular and cellular fluids is essential to normal function of a host of biochemical processes
Neuoromuscular excitability
Blood coagulation
Hormonal secretion
Enzymatic regulation
The important role that calcium plays in so many processes dictates that its concentration, both extracellulary and intracellulary, be maintained within a very narrow range.
Normal level of calcium is about 9.4 mg/dl.
0.1 % extracellular fluid
1 % stored in cells (mitochondria and ER)
99% stored in bones in hydroxyapatite crystals. Very little Ca2+ can be released from the bone– though it is the major reservoir of Ca2+ in the body.
Calcium in Plasma is present in three forms:
1. Ionized and diffusible calcium 50%
2. Protein-bound calcium 41% non diffusible form
90% bound to albumin
Remainder bound to globulins
3. Calcium complexed to serum constituents 9%
Citrate and phosphate
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (high levels in bone and kidney) and the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta).PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes. It has a molecular mass of 9.4 kDa.
Parathyroid hormone (The Guyton and Hall physiology)Maryam Fida
Parathyroid hormone
Calcium salts in bone provide structural integrity of the skeleton
Calcium ions in extracellular and cellular fluids is essential to normal function of a host of biochemical processes
Neuoromuscular excitability
Blood coagulation
Hormonal secretion
Enzymatic regulation
The important role that calcium plays in so many processes dictates that its concentration, both extracellulary and intracellulary, be maintained within a very narrow range.
Normal level of calcium is about 9.4 mg/dl.
0.1 % extracellular fluid
1 % stored in cells (mitochondria and ER)
99% stored in bones in hydroxyapatite crystals. Very little Ca2+ can be released from the bone– though it is the major reservoir of Ca2+ in the body.
Calcium in Plasma is present in three forms:
1. Ionized and diffusible calcium 50%
2. Protein-bound calcium 41% non diffusible form
90% bound to albumin
Remainder bound to globulins
3. Calcium complexed to serum constituents 9%
Citrate and phosphate
Parathyroid hormone by Dr. Amruta Nitin Kumbhar, Asst. Professor Dept. of Phy...Physiology Dept
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS
Histological structure
STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PTH
REGULATION OF PTH SECRETION
MECHANISM OF ACTION AND ACTIONS OF PTH
Applied physiology
Physiology of Parathyroid glands
Outline :
- Location of Parathyroid glands.
- Who discovered the glands.
- Some info. about it.
- Parathyroid hormone.
- Histology of the gland.
- PTH biosynthesis.
- The calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR)
- Why Calcium is so Important?
- Calcitonin
- vitamin D
-Metabolic bone diseases (Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia)
Parathyroid hormone by Dr. Amruta Nitin Kumbhar, Asst. Professor Dept. of Phy...Physiology Dept
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS
Histological structure
STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PTH
REGULATION OF PTH SECRETION
MECHANISM OF ACTION AND ACTIONS OF PTH
Applied physiology
Physiology of Parathyroid glands
Outline :
- Location of Parathyroid glands.
- Who discovered the glands.
- Some info. about it.
- Parathyroid hormone.
- Histology of the gland.
- PTH biosynthesis.
- The calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR)
- Why Calcium is so Important?
- Calcitonin
- vitamin D
-Metabolic bone diseases (Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia)
Hyperparathyroidism exists in three different forms: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the most frequent pathological condition of the parathyroid glands and one of the most frequent endocrine disorders overall. The most probable location of parathyroid gland is posterior to the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is important for maintaining calcium, phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis, and ultimately bone health.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by increased production and secretion of parathyroid hormone. This condition causes nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal disturbances, neuromuscular manifestation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Parathyroidectomy is the only curative treatment for pHPT. pHPT is typically caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma (80%-90%), hyperplasia (10%) and less frequently parathyroid carcinoma (5%).
Secondary hyperparathyroidism develops as a consequent to a chronic hypocalcemic condition that can be caused by renal failure, gastroinstinal malabsorption, dietary rickets and ingestion of drugs. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a frequent and serious complication in haemodialysis patients. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a condition where parathyroid hyperplasia, secondary to chronic hypocalcemia, becomes autonomous with development of hypercalcemia. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is used to designate hyperparathyroidism that persists or develops after renal transplantation.
Localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue (adenomas or hyperplasia) in primary hyperparathyroidism is useful before surgery to help the surgeon localize the lesion, thus shortening the time of the procedure. Parathyroid glands can be imaged with multiple modalities, including scintigraphy, high-resolution ultrasonograhy, thin-section CT and MRI. Parathyroid scintigraphy may also be indicated for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients with persistent or
recurrent disease. For this situation scintigraphy is superior to any other radiological modalities, including MRI, CT scan, ultrasonography combined with needle aspiration and also some invasive techniques like arteriography, selective venography and mediastinoscopy.
This presentation is about Parathyroid Disorders which are hypo and hyperparathyroidism and their relationship to teeth and oral cavity including oral and dental manifestation of these disorders , and correct management patients seeking dental care with these disorders.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in PregnancySujoy Dasgupta
lectured delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the CME on "High Risk Pregnancy" organized by the BOGS (Bengal Obettric snd Gynaecological Society) and Wanburry Pharma
Describe the regulation of PTH
Describe the effect of PTH on bone
What is Osteocytic Osteolysis
Explain the mechanism of bone resorption by PTH- RANKL/OPGL
Describe the role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)
Describe the actions of PTH on kidney and intestine
Describe Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
Describe the effect of Calcitonin on calcium homeostasis
Describe Osteoporosis & Osteopetrosis
Calcium metabolism/ oral surgery courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism / dental implant courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
51. A 36-year-old woman has a parathyroid
hormone (PTH)-secreting tumor. Which of the
following might be expected to increase as a
result of chronic PTH elevation?
◦ Bone resorption *
◦ Bone deposition
◦ Ca2+
excretion from the intestines
◦ PO4
3+
absorption from the intestines
◦ PO4
3+
reabsorption from the kidneys
52. The normal serum calcium level is ___mg/100 ml?
a) 4-6
b) 6-8
c) 9-11
d) 14-16
53. Normal daily calcium excretion in urine is ___mg?
a) 50
b) 100
c) 200
d) 300
54. For calcium metabolism, all of the following are
required except?
a) vitamin D
b) parathyroid hormone
c) calcitonin
d) thyroxine
55. cholecalciferol is?
a) vitamin D3
b) precursor of vitamin D3
c) occurs in skin
d) physiologically active
56. The active form of vitamin D is?
a) calcium
b) 1,25 DHCC
c) parathyroid hormone
d) cholecalciferol
57. The primary site of 1,25 DHCC formation from its
immediate precursor is?
a) bone
b) liver
c) kidney
d) skin
58. The following statement about calcium
absorption from small intestine are true
except?
(A)It occurs by active transport.
(B) It requires vit. D and parathormone.
(C)It occours by passive diffusion from upper
small intestine.
(D)It is decreased by excess phosphate and
oxalate in food
