This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to forensic medicine and legal aspects of medicine. It discusses different types of injuries like hurt, wounds, and homicide. It also defines legal terms around compensation and inquiries into unnatural deaths. The document categorizes different types of hurt like dismemberment and bone fractures. It distinguishes between justifiable and culpable types of homicide.

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2. FORENSIC MEDICINE:
It is a branch of medicine which deals with the application of the
principles of medical knowledge to the purpose of law and to
furthering of justice.
It is that branch of medicine which deals with medical aspects of
law.
It is also called as legal medicine.

3. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE:
(Juris: law; prudentia: knowledge)
 It is the knowledge of law in relation to practice of
medicine. or
 It deals with legal aspects of medicine.
 e.g.
 Doctor-patient relationship,
 Doctor-doctor relationship, and
 Doctor state relationship.

4.  STATE MEDICINE:
It is that branch of medicine which is concerned
with public, community and environmental health.
 It deals the application of medical knowledge to
prevent the spread of diseases.

5. Accordingly, a registered medical practitioner has
certain statutory duties that he must inform the
public health authorities.
Births
Deaths
Cases of food poisoning
so that appropriate medical statistics are
maintained and spread of diseases prevented.
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6.  A registered medical practitioner has certain statutory
duties that he must inform the public health
authorities.
a. Births
b. Deaths
c. Cases of food poisoning
 So that appropriate medical statistics are maintained and
spread of diseases prevented.
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7. INQUEST: It means a legal inquiry into the cause of death
which is not apparently due to natural causes.
The death due to unnatural cause or suspicious deaths must be
reported to the authorities.
such as:
I. Sudden deaths due to unknown cause.
II. Suicide, homicide and infanticide.
III. Death due to accidents, poisoning.
IV. Deaths under suspicious circumstances.
V. Hospitals deaths due to negligence i.e. anesthesia,
operative, postoperative, etc.
VI. Death in police custody.

8. POLICE INQUEST:
This means an inquiry by a police officer into the
cause of any unnatural or suspicious death.

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QISAS & DIYAT
ORDINANCE (1991)
 Pertaining to various types of Hurt & Qatl.

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Arsh
Compensation for causing hurt which is specified in law, to
be paid by the offender to the victim or his heirs.
Daman
Compensation for causing hurt not liable to Arsh, to be
determined by the court and to be paid by the offender to
the victim or his heirs.
Diyat
Compensation for causing death which is specified in law
payable by the offender to the heirs of the victim.

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Wound (surgically)
Any lesion where there is breach of continuity of skin, mucus
membrane or conjunctiva called wound (surgically).
Wound (medico-legally)
Any lesion, external or internal, caused by violence with or without
breach of continuity of tissue called wound (medico-legally).
Trauma
It is an insult either physical or mental affecting one’s state of well
being.
Injury
Any harm caused illegally to any person in body, mind, property or
reputation.

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Hurt
Causing pain, harm, disease, infirmity, injury or
impairing, disabling or dismembering any organ of
the body without causing his death.
The following are the kinds of hurt:-
a) Itlaf-i-udw
b) Itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-udw
c) Shajjah
d) Jurh

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Itlaf-I-udw
Causing dismemberment, amputation, severement of
any limb or organ of the body.

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Itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-udw
Destroying or permanently impairing the
function or capacity of an organ of the body,
or causing permanent disfigurement.

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Shajjah
Hurt on the head or face
which does not amount to itlaf-i-udw or itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-
udw.
kinds of Shajjah :-
a) Shajjah-i-khafifah.
b) Shajjah-i-mudihah.
c) Shajjah-i-hashimah.
d) Shajjah-i-munaqqilah.
e) Shajjah-i-ammah.
f) Shajjah-i-damighah.

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Shajjah Khafifah
Hurt without exposing bone.
Shajjah-i-mudihah
Exposing of bone without causing fracture.
Shajjah-i-hashimah
Fracture of bone without displacement of the
bone.

18. Shajjah-i-munaqqilah
Fracture of the bone with displacement.
Shajjah-i-ammah
Fracture of the skull and the wound touches the
membrane of the brain.
Shajjah-i-damighah
Fracture of the skull with rupturing the
membranes of the brain.
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Jurh
 Hurt on parts of the body other than the
head and face bearing mark of a wound
which may be temporary or permanent.
 Two types:-
a. Jurh Jaifah
b. Jurh Ghayr-jaifah.

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Jurh Jaifah
Wound extending to the cavity of the
trunk.

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Jurh Ghayr-jaifah
 Jurh not amounting to jurh jaifah.
 Kinds of jurh ghayr-jaifah, namely:-
a. Damiyah
b. Badi’aah
c. Mutalahimah
d. Mudihah
e. Hashimah
f. Munaqqilah

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 Jurh ghayr-jaifah:
 damiyah. Rupturing of the skin with bleeding.
 badi’aah: Cutting of flesh without exposing the bone.
 Mutalahimah.: lacerating the flesh.
 Mudihah: Exposing of bone.
 Hashimah: fracturing of a bone without displacement.
 Munaqqilah. By fracturing of a bone with its displacement.

23.  Qatl (homicide)
 The killing of a human being by another human being.
 Types:
1. Culpable (deserves blame)
2. Non-culpable ( justifiable and excusable)
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24. Non-culpable
 Justifiable homicide:
Causing of death in pursuance of the law ( judicial
hanging).
and also killing by police during law enforcement.
 Excusable homicide:
Causing of death in excusable circumstances like in self
defense.
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Isaqt-I-Haml
Causing a woman with child whose organs have not
been formed, to miscarry, without good faith for the
purpose of saving life of the woman or providing
necessary treatment.

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Isqat-I-Janin
Causing a woman with child some of whose limbs or
organs have been formed to miscarry, without good
faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman.

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Qatl-i-amd
Killing of specific person with intention and knowledge
of causing death.
Qatl shibh-i-amd:
Killing with intention only to harm, but the death occurs
which is unlikely.

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Qatl-i-khata
Killing without any intention to kill or harm but death
occurs by mistake of act or fact.
Qatl-bis-sabab:
Killing without intention to cause harm or death, but
dath occurs during the course of an unlawful act.

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