The document discusses different types of autopsies including medical, anatomical, psychological, virtual, and medico-legal autopsies. It describes the objectives and procedures for a medico-legal autopsy, which is performed to determine cause and manner of death and rule out foul play. The pre-autopsy formalities discussed include identification of the body, examination of police papers, and use of an autopsy register to document details of the examination.
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.
Thanatology
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Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
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Algor Mortis ......
Reference
Deals with the post-mortem examination (autopsy) particularly the internal examinations of the various organs based on Virchow's technique of organ removal.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Starvation is defined medically in two parts that is: The act or process of starving and the condition of being starved, while ‘Neglect’ is defined as – to fail to give due care, attention, or time to someone an adult/ a child especially.
Thanatology
Types of transplants
Cause, Mechanism of Death
Manner of death
Anoxia
Signs of Death
Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
Early Changes (Molecular Death)
Algor Mortis ......
Reference
Deals with the post-mortem examination (autopsy) particularly the internal examinations of the various organs based on Virchow's technique of organ removal.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Starvation is defined medically in two parts that is: The act or process of starving and the condition of being starved, while ‘Neglect’ is defined as – to fail to give due care, attention, or time to someone an adult/ a child especially.
this is a powerpoint presentation on external examination at autopsy, presented during pg program.. useful for both undergraduate and postgraduate students
in this topic of autopsy and embalming, various topics like definition of autopsy and embalming, purposes, steps, procedure, role of nurse is discussed.
We saw the infamous 26/11 at Mumbai, India. We lost some brave-hearts. Hence, we look into the forensics behind firearm injuries. We shall also discuss the JFK assassination case in brief. I would recommend downloading the presentation and view it in power point 2010 or above to see all the effects flawlessly.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
"Deadman speaks always" to solve a case police required cause and time of death of an unknown body.
By analyzing the insects it would be easy and Breakthrough for a case as concerned.
The are the notes for the newly added subject in B.Sc. Nursing Curriculum in 5th Semester and the subject is Forensic Nursing here is the 1st Unit as per the new 2024 INC Syllabus.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. 4
Auto --- Self
Opis --- view / Examination
(self examination)
It may be defined as, The detailed scrutiny of
both external surfaces and internal
contents of dead body after opening its
cavities including further examination,
such as histology, biochemistry and
toxicology of collected material.
AUTOPSY
5. NECROPSY
Necro ---- Dead
Opsy---- examination / to see
(Examination of Dead)
Thanatopsy:
Thantopsy: Thantose means death opsy view or
to see.
5
6. AUTOPSY
TYPES:
i. Medical /clinical/ pathological / hospital autopsy.
ii. Anatomical autopsy
iii. Psychological autopsy
iv. Postmortem examination
v. Virtual Autopsy
vi. Medico-legal autopsy
6
8. Objectives
1. To determine the cause of death.
2. To confirm or establish the clinical diagnosis
3. To evaluate the effects of treatment given
during life.
Performed by a pathologist with consent of
relatives.
8
9. II.ANATOMICAL AUTOPSY
It is performed to study normal structure of human
body.
Mostly on unclaimed dead bodies
Anatomist and medical students perform this.
9
10. III. PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY
10
It is undertaken on alleged cases of
suicide to know about the mental
status of deceased at the time of
death.
It is perform to know about:
Background of person
His habits ,mental status, personality,
character.
Relation to others
Sources of collection of information
are
Family members, friends, professional
colleagues, teachers and physicians
NOT THE POLICE ..
11. IV.POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION
Examination of external surfaces of corpse by
inspection without giving incision for systemic
examination.
However specimen of body fluids like blood bile
urine may be collected.
11
12. V. VIRTUAL AUTOPSY
It is a postmortem examination without
compromising the integrity of the body, even
without collection of sample.
Due to some reason or disease the autopsy of dead
body is not possible then by the help of radiological
examination we can detect the cause of death.
Methods
X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan
MRI.
12
14. II. MEDICO-LEGAL AUTOPSY
14
It is perform in pursuance of law
to establish the cause and
manner of death and also to
establish or rule out foul play.
15. HISTORY:
The medicolegal autopsy was first time
introduced in 1302 AD in ITALY.
This procedure was carried out by physician
(BARTOLONEO DE VARIGNANA) and
surgeons.
Autopsy Performed by specialists in
developed countries.
In Spain, Germany, Scotland, by two
specialists.
In Pakistan mostly by
Untrained medical officers.
15
16. OBJECTIVES OF MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY
TO ESTABLISH
1. To determine identity of deceased.
2. To establish cause and manner of death,
3. To establish and rule out foul play.
4. To determine time since death.
5. To identify weapon, person or poison
responsible for death.
6. In case of new born infant to determine
issue of live or still birth and viability.
16
17. CORPUS DELICTI
17
In a criminal charge of
homicide.
A. Positive identification of
victim
B. Proof of death by criminal
act of accused .
This is collectively termed as
CORPUS DELICTI.
18. It is performed by medicolegal expert but due to
lack of qualified experts, all authorized medical
officer of Govt. can perform it.
It is performed under section 174 CrPC of
Pakistan and police rules 1934 section 25.34 and
25.36
18
19. AUTOPSY RATE
AUTOPSY RATE
It is proportion of autopsies carried out on
deaths notified to the authorities.
AUTOPSY INDEX
It is the proportion of medico-legal autopsies
carried out on total deaths in a community.
19
20. PRE AUTOPSY FORMALITIES/
PROTOCOL OF AUTOPSY
1. VISIT OF SCENE OF CRIME
2. TRANSPOSITION OF CORPS
3. REGISTRATION OF DEAD BODIES
4. STORAGE OF DEAD BODIES
5. LEGAL FORMALITIES
6. OTHER FORMALITIES
7. PLACE OF PERFORMING AUTOPSY
20
21. A. VISIT OF SCENE OF CRIME
21
Not done in our country
but in European countries
the autopsy surgeon
visits the scene of crime.
The action done there
are
1. Cordening of scene.
2. Position in relation to
surrounding objects
3. Presence of or position of
weapons, blood
stains, marks of struggle
4. Preservation of foot prints
and other trace
evidence.
5. Photography of scene.
22. B.TRANSPOSITION OF CORPSE
The dead bodies should be transported to mortuary
rapped in plastic bags ,tied on both ends, with all its
belongings
22
23. C.REGISTRATION OF DEAD BODIES
On receipt of corp. authorized staff should make
entries in two registers
1. General Register
2. Autopsy Register
23
24. COLUMNS OF GENERAL REGISTER ARE
1. Serial numbers
2. Date and time of receipt of corpse
3. Name and ID of diseased
4. Name and No of police officials and his police
station
5. Date and time of delivery of corpse
24
25. COLUMNS OF AUTOPSY REGISTER ARE
1. Yearly No.
2. Autopsy No.
3. Name, date and time of autopsy.
4. Details about specimen collected and lab where
sent.
5. Provisional /final conclusion regarding cause of
death.
25
26. STORAGE OF DEAD BODIES
There are two types of storage..
Long term at -20 0C [for preservation]
Short term +4 0C[for autopsy purpose]
26
27. LEGAL FORMALITIES
SECRUITINY OF POLICE PAPERS
1. Authorization orders /police docket
2. Inquest report
3. The copy of FIR
4. Form ,,,,,(alf. bay. Jeem.)
5. Initial MLC /treatment notes/ hospital notes.
Lab/X-ray/ MRI etc. reports. Any operation notes.
(All papers must be examined & signed).
27
29. Examination of police papers
Police docket police request for autopsy or
it is a requisition submitted by the investigating
police officer to a medical officer while handing
over the dead body for a postmortem
examination.
CONTAINS:
FIR
Complete information name, age, sex, height
Number of injuries & location
State of body, State of clothing's
Site of recovery, Sketch of area
Weapon, Apparent cause of death.
29
30. INQUEST REPORT
Inquest report is a report which contains
1. Available Hx of the case.
2. Circumstances under which body was found.
3. Opinion of witnesses & the police officer regarding
injuries, manner of their causation, cause of death &
any indication of suspected foul play.
30
31. INQUEST REPORT
Three types of printed forms
depending upon apparent manner of death
1. Form A. For those types of deaths which
appear to be natural
2. Form B. For those cases in which death
has occurred due to assault.
3. Form C. For those cases in which death
appears to be due to poisoning
31
32. OTHER FORMALITIES
Identification:- The dead body should be identified
prior to autopsy, this is necessary because in a
mortuary where serial autopsies are done chances
of performing autopsy on wrong body do exist.
This can be prevented by appropriate identification.
If known confirm identity by police or by relatives
always take signature of identifiers.
Write name with address, & No of police officer with
police station.
32
33. IDENTIFICATION
IF UNKNOWN
1Ask the police to take photographs
2.Note particular of dress worn and tailor tag,
belongings ,facial features, and identification
marks
3.Note the finger print details
Giving an advertisement on newspaper.
33
34. INITIAL MLR / TREATMENT NOTES
Where there has been a period of treatment
between an act of violence or between the accident
and death.
Such documents are necessary as to enable the
doctor to concentrate on the organ or the part of
body most suspected & likely to serve as a guide to
retain or send appropriate part to FSL
34
35. PLACE OF PERFORMING AUTOPSY
MORTUARY: is a room or a building usually part of the
hospital to which dead bodies are taken to be kept for until
their burial or some other disposal. Autopsy room is that part
of the mortuary where dead bodies are dissected.
35