Topic: Motivation Needs & Drives
Student Name: Rubina
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Motivation is the process of encouraging people to accomplish goals. It comes from both internal desires (intrinsic) and external rewards/incentives (extrinsic). Motivation is important because it leads to improved employee performance and productivity, helps achieve organizational goals, builds relationships, and reduces turnover. Managers are responsible for motivating subordinates through both financial and non-financial means like recognition, opportunities for growth, and engaging meaningful work. Proper motivation results in maximum utilization of human resources.
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
Motives are the reasons that drive human and animal behavior. They arise from biological needs like hunger, thirst, and homeostasis, as well as social and personal factors. Biologically, motives work to maintain equilibrium in the body. Socially, motives include achievement, aggression when frustrated, power over others, acquiring property, curiosity, affiliation with groups, seeking approval, and ensuring security. Unconscious motives also influence behavior. Motives energize, direct, sustain, and stop behaviors, and can help explain and predict actions. As a nurse, it is important to understand patients' motives to provide appropriate care and note how motives manifest in behaviors.
The document discusses motivation and the motivation cycle. It defines motivation as internal and external factors that stimulate interest and commitment to goals. The motivation cycle has four phases - need, drive, incentive, and reward. A need is a physical or psychological lack that creates internal tension (drive) to be fulfilled by an incentive, leading to a rewarding feeling of satisfaction upon achieving the goal. The motivation cycle repeats as new needs arise after previous needs are met. Examples of the cycle in action are a student studying for an exam or employee working hard to achieve work goals.
The document discusses arousal and the arousal theory of motivation. The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people take actions to either decrease or increase their levels of arousal in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Examples provided include a youngster who feels low going to hang out with friends to increase arousal, and feeling curious about a crush's comment on social media causing high arousal. The document also asks if the reader enjoys high-arousal activities like rollercoasters, skydiving, and challenges.
Topic: Motivation & Its Types
Student Name: Sumera Khan
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses different theories of motivation. It defines motivation and explores the concepts of need, drive, incentive, and motive. It then covers several theories of motivation including:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs which proposes humans have physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
- Herzberg's two-factor theory which distinguishes between job satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors.
- Social learning theory which suggests behaviors can be learned through observation.
- Instinct theory which proposes behaviors are driven by innate biological instincts.
- Drive reduction theory which views motivation as a process of reducing biological needs.
- Incentive theory which states external stimuli regulate
This document summarizes several theories of motivation. It discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Porter and Lawler's model, equity theory, attribution theory, and goal setting theory as ways to understand what motivates individual and workplace behavior. It also covers how motivation relates to job design and performance management in organizations.
Motivation is the process of encouraging people to accomplish goals. It comes from both internal desires (intrinsic) and external rewards/incentives (extrinsic). Motivation is important because it leads to improved employee performance and productivity, helps achieve organizational goals, builds relationships, and reduces turnover. Managers are responsible for motivating subordinates through both financial and non-financial means like recognition, opportunities for growth, and engaging meaningful work. Proper motivation results in maximum utilization of human resources.
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
Motives are the reasons that drive human and animal behavior. They arise from biological needs like hunger, thirst, and homeostasis, as well as social and personal factors. Biologically, motives work to maintain equilibrium in the body. Socially, motives include achievement, aggression when frustrated, power over others, acquiring property, curiosity, affiliation with groups, seeking approval, and ensuring security. Unconscious motives also influence behavior. Motives energize, direct, sustain, and stop behaviors, and can help explain and predict actions. As a nurse, it is important to understand patients' motives to provide appropriate care and note how motives manifest in behaviors.
The document discusses motivation and the motivation cycle. It defines motivation as internal and external factors that stimulate interest and commitment to goals. The motivation cycle has four phases - need, drive, incentive, and reward. A need is a physical or psychological lack that creates internal tension (drive) to be fulfilled by an incentive, leading to a rewarding feeling of satisfaction upon achieving the goal. The motivation cycle repeats as new needs arise after previous needs are met. Examples of the cycle in action are a student studying for an exam or employee working hard to achieve work goals.
The document discusses arousal and the arousal theory of motivation. The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people take actions to either decrease or increase their levels of arousal in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Examples provided include a youngster who feels low going to hang out with friends to increase arousal, and feeling curious about a crush's comment on social media causing high arousal. The document also asks if the reader enjoys high-arousal activities like rollercoasters, skydiving, and challenges.
Topic: Motivation & Its Types
Student Name: Sumera Khan
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses different theories of motivation. It defines motivation and explores the concepts of need, drive, incentive, and motive. It then covers several theories of motivation including:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs which proposes humans have physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
- Herzberg's two-factor theory which distinguishes between job satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors.
- Social learning theory which suggests behaviors can be learned through observation.
- Instinct theory which proposes behaviors are driven by innate biological instincts.
- Drive reduction theory which views motivation as a process of reducing biological needs.
- Incentive theory which states external stimuli regulate
This document summarizes several theories of motivation. It discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Porter and Lawler's model, equity theory, attribution theory, and goal setting theory as ways to understand what motivates individual and workplace behavior. It also covers how motivation relates to job design and performance management in organizations.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines intrinsic motivation as motivation coming from within an individual, such as enjoying an activity. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside rewards like money or grades. While extrinsic motivation can be effective, over-reliance on it may undermine intrinsic motivation. The document advocates using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to encourage student autonomy and enhance performance.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like physical survival and safety before moving on to social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Self-actualization involves fulfilling one's potential and achieving a sense of accomplishment. While influential, Maslow's theory has been criticized for oversimplifying human motivation and lacking evidence that needs must be fulfilled sequentially as proposed. Overall, the theory suggests that self-actualized people are problem-focused, accept reality and themselves, act autonomously, and pursue creativity and fulfilling their potential.
Nature and functions of motivation
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Psychology: Motivation,Types of Motivation & Theories of MotivationPriyanka Nain
This presentation is basically about Motivation,categories & types of Motivation. It also consists of two theories of Motivation- McClelland's Theory of Needs and Maslow's Theory of Self Actualization.
Motivation is the reason for people's actions, willingness and goals. Motivation is derived from the word motive which is defined as a need that requires satisfaction.
This document provides an overview of different theories of motivation, including:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs from humanistic theories, which proposes humans satisfy basic needs before higher needs.
- Instinct theories which view motivation as arising from innate biological instincts.
- Incentive theories which propose external rewards and punishments motivate behavior.
- Drive reduction theories view motivation as arising from a drive to reduce physiological and psychological needs.
- Arousal theories link motivation to an optimal level of psychological arousal.
- Expectancy theories propose motivation depends on expecting increased effort will lead to better performance and rewards.
This document introduces several important methods used in psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, survey methods, clinical methods, and case study. Introspection involves self-observation of one's own inner thoughts and behaviors. Observation collects data by watching subjects externally. Experimentation uses controlled conditions to analyze outcomes. Surveys distribute questionnaires or interviews to gather information from people. Clinical methods diagnose and address individuals' behavioral issues. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific person or group.
Motivation refers to factors that direct and energize behavior. There are two categories of motives: primary motives related to basic biological needs, and secondary motives related to psychological needs. Motivation comes from both intrinsic factors within an individual and extrinsic factors outside the individual like rewards and incentives. Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivators like achievement, recognition, and responsibility that improve job satisfaction, and hygiene factors like salary, status, and job security whose absence can cause dissatisfaction. The ideal situation has high levels of both motivators and hygiene factors.
This document discusses motivation in education. It defines motivation and differentiates between needs, drives, and motives. Motivation is described as a process involving energy, direction, and persistence towards a goal. Theories of motivation discussed include content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and process theories like Vroom's expectancy theory. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are also defined. Educational implications of effectance motivation theory and epistemic curiosity theory are provided. In conclusion, motivation activates and directs behavior towards a goal and in education affects learning by increasing effort and energy. Motivation theories can help understand human motivation and enhance learning.
This document discusses aptitude, including definitions, characteristics, types of aptitude (sensory, mechanical, artistic, professional, scholastic), and aptitude testing. It defines aptitude as a combination of characteristics indicating an individual's ability to acquire skills or knowledge in a specific area. Aptitude depends on heredity and environment and predicts potential success. The document also covers individual differences in intelligence and aptitude.
This document discusses the topic of frustration. It defines frustration as the emotional tension that results from blocked desires or needs. Some key points made include:
Frustration can cause negative feelings like depression, fear, anxiety or anger. It arises when a person encounters obstacles to their goals from external factors like other people or their environment, or internal factors like a lack of abilities. Frustration is an unpleasant emotional state where failures tend to outnumber successes and basic needs are left unsatisfied. The document also outlines different types and sources of frustration and common reactions people have when experiencing frustration.
Motivation refers to internal and external forces that drive behavior toward a goal. Internal factors include needs, drives, and motives that arise from within a person. External factors consist of incentives and rewards from outside. Several theories attempt to explain motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's achievement theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Understanding motivation is important for nurses, as it helps them better meet patient needs and interpret patient behavior.
Abraham Maslow created Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which organizes human needs into a pyramid structure. The pyramid includes physiological needs at the bottom like food and water, followed by safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization at the top. Maslow's theory proposes that people must fulfill lower level needs before progressing on to meet higher level needs. The hierarchy is used in analyzing character development in films and suggests people focused on higher level needs are more engaged with media.
The document discusses 12 major theories of intelligence:
1. Faculty theory which views intelligence as consisting of independent mental faculties.
2. One factor theory which reduces all abilities to a single general intelligence factor.
3. Spearman's two-factor theory comprising a general intelligence ("g") factor and specific factors.
4. Thorndike's multifactor theory which identified four attributes of intelligence.
5. Thurstone's primary mental abilities theory identifying six primary factors.
6. Guilford's structure of intellect model classifying intellectual tasks.
7. Vernon's hierarchical theory describing intelligence at varying levels of generality.
8. Cattell's fluid and crystallized theory distinguishing two types
This document discusses psychological assessment and tests. It describes the development and types of psychological tests, including intelligence tests like the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, achievement tests, aptitude tests, personality tests like the MMPI, and projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test. It also outlines the nurse's role in psychological assessment, which includes educating patients, observing behaviors, and documenting changes.
The document discusses student motivation for pursuing an MBA degree. It defines motivation and discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Several motivation theories are explained, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Surveys were conducted of MBA students across disciplines on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels. Results found most students highly intrinsically motivated regardless of gender or discipline. The conclusion is that students have a positive attitude towards the MBA course and are mainly intrinsically motivated to join. Suggestions include improving the learning environment and cultivating value awareness of other courses. Limitations include the abstract nature of motivation and respondents' understanding.
The document discusses different types of conflicts that can occur. It defines conflict as a state of tension between opposing desires, goals, or parties. Conflicts are classified as occurring between persons, between a person and their environment, or within a person. Internal conflicts include approach-approach conflicts, avoidance-avoidance conflicts, and approach-avoidance conflicts. The document also discusses methods for resolving conflicts, including task-oriented reactions that directly address the problem, and defense-oriented reactions that aim to escape or avoid the problem.
The document discusses motivation and its importance for achieving goals. It defines motivation as the reasons for someone's actions or behaviors. Intrinsic motivation comes from within and involves developing skills, feeling pride in accomplishments, and maintaining motivation through goal setting. Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards like medals, money, recognition or praise. The document outlines strategies for coaches to motivate players, including using autonomy supportive coaching versus controlling styles. It also provides tips for teachers to create a positive environment that fosters motivation in students through choices, a sense of belonging, encouragement and listening.
This document discusses staff motivation in tourism organizations. It defines motivation and describes various theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Motivation comes from internal desires or external incentives and is important for employee performance and commitment. The document provides tips for motivating staff, such as involving employees in decision making, recognizing contributions, meeting needs for esteem and growth, and ensuring resources and standards support good work. Motivated employees can improve productivity and reduce costs for an organization.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines intrinsic motivation as motivation coming from within an individual, such as enjoying an activity. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside rewards like money or grades. While extrinsic motivation can be effective, over-reliance on it may undermine intrinsic motivation. The document advocates using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to encourage student autonomy and enhance performance.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like physical survival and safety before moving on to social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Self-actualization involves fulfilling one's potential and achieving a sense of accomplishment. While influential, Maslow's theory has been criticized for oversimplifying human motivation and lacking evidence that needs must be fulfilled sequentially as proposed. Overall, the theory suggests that self-actualized people are problem-focused, accept reality and themselves, act autonomously, and pursue creativity and fulfilling their potential.
Nature and functions of motivation
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Psychology: Motivation,Types of Motivation & Theories of MotivationPriyanka Nain
This presentation is basically about Motivation,categories & types of Motivation. It also consists of two theories of Motivation- McClelland's Theory of Needs and Maslow's Theory of Self Actualization.
Motivation is the reason for people's actions, willingness and goals. Motivation is derived from the word motive which is defined as a need that requires satisfaction.
This document provides an overview of different theories of motivation, including:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs from humanistic theories, which proposes humans satisfy basic needs before higher needs.
- Instinct theories which view motivation as arising from innate biological instincts.
- Incentive theories which propose external rewards and punishments motivate behavior.
- Drive reduction theories view motivation as arising from a drive to reduce physiological and psychological needs.
- Arousal theories link motivation to an optimal level of psychological arousal.
- Expectancy theories propose motivation depends on expecting increased effort will lead to better performance and rewards.
This document introduces several important methods used in psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, survey methods, clinical methods, and case study. Introspection involves self-observation of one's own inner thoughts and behaviors. Observation collects data by watching subjects externally. Experimentation uses controlled conditions to analyze outcomes. Surveys distribute questionnaires or interviews to gather information from people. Clinical methods diagnose and address individuals' behavioral issues. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific person or group.
Motivation refers to factors that direct and energize behavior. There are two categories of motives: primary motives related to basic biological needs, and secondary motives related to psychological needs. Motivation comes from both intrinsic factors within an individual and extrinsic factors outside the individual like rewards and incentives. Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivators like achievement, recognition, and responsibility that improve job satisfaction, and hygiene factors like salary, status, and job security whose absence can cause dissatisfaction. The ideal situation has high levels of both motivators and hygiene factors.
This document discusses motivation in education. It defines motivation and differentiates between needs, drives, and motives. Motivation is described as a process involving energy, direction, and persistence towards a goal. Theories of motivation discussed include content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and process theories like Vroom's expectancy theory. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are also defined. Educational implications of effectance motivation theory and epistemic curiosity theory are provided. In conclusion, motivation activates and directs behavior towards a goal and in education affects learning by increasing effort and energy. Motivation theories can help understand human motivation and enhance learning.
This document discusses aptitude, including definitions, characteristics, types of aptitude (sensory, mechanical, artistic, professional, scholastic), and aptitude testing. It defines aptitude as a combination of characteristics indicating an individual's ability to acquire skills or knowledge in a specific area. Aptitude depends on heredity and environment and predicts potential success. The document also covers individual differences in intelligence and aptitude.
This document discusses the topic of frustration. It defines frustration as the emotional tension that results from blocked desires or needs. Some key points made include:
Frustration can cause negative feelings like depression, fear, anxiety or anger. It arises when a person encounters obstacles to their goals from external factors like other people or their environment, or internal factors like a lack of abilities. Frustration is an unpleasant emotional state where failures tend to outnumber successes and basic needs are left unsatisfied. The document also outlines different types and sources of frustration and common reactions people have when experiencing frustration.
Motivation refers to internal and external forces that drive behavior toward a goal. Internal factors include needs, drives, and motives that arise from within a person. External factors consist of incentives and rewards from outside. Several theories attempt to explain motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's achievement theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Understanding motivation is important for nurses, as it helps them better meet patient needs and interpret patient behavior.
Abraham Maslow created Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which organizes human needs into a pyramid structure. The pyramid includes physiological needs at the bottom like food and water, followed by safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization at the top. Maslow's theory proposes that people must fulfill lower level needs before progressing on to meet higher level needs. The hierarchy is used in analyzing character development in films and suggests people focused on higher level needs are more engaged with media.
The document discusses 12 major theories of intelligence:
1. Faculty theory which views intelligence as consisting of independent mental faculties.
2. One factor theory which reduces all abilities to a single general intelligence factor.
3. Spearman's two-factor theory comprising a general intelligence ("g") factor and specific factors.
4. Thorndike's multifactor theory which identified four attributes of intelligence.
5. Thurstone's primary mental abilities theory identifying six primary factors.
6. Guilford's structure of intellect model classifying intellectual tasks.
7. Vernon's hierarchical theory describing intelligence at varying levels of generality.
8. Cattell's fluid and crystallized theory distinguishing two types
This document discusses psychological assessment and tests. It describes the development and types of psychological tests, including intelligence tests like the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, achievement tests, aptitude tests, personality tests like the MMPI, and projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test. It also outlines the nurse's role in psychological assessment, which includes educating patients, observing behaviors, and documenting changes.
The document discusses student motivation for pursuing an MBA degree. It defines motivation and discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Several motivation theories are explained, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Surveys were conducted of MBA students across disciplines on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels. Results found most students highly intrinsically motivated regardless of gender or discipline. The conclusion is that students have a positive attitude towards the MBA course and are mainly intrinsically motivated to join. Suggestions include improving the learning environment and cultivating value awareness of other courses. Limitations include the abstract nature of motivation and respondents' understanding.
The document discusses different types of conflicts that can occur. It defines conflict as a state of tension between opposing desires, goals, or parties. Conflicts are classified as occurring between persons, between a person and their environment, or within a person. Internal conflicts include approach-approach conflicts, avoidance-avoidance conflicts, and approach-avoidance conflicts. The document also discusses methods for resolving conflicts, including task-oriented reactions that directly address the problem, and defense-oriented reactions that aim to escape or avoid the problem.
The document discusses motivation and its importance for achieving goals. It defines motivation as the reasons for someone's actions or behaviors. Intrinsic motivation comes from within and involves developing skills, feeling pride in accomplishments, and maintaining motivation through goal setting. Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards like medals, money, recognition or praise. The document outlines strategies for coaches to motivate players, including using autonomy supportive coaching versus controlling styles. It also provides tips for teachers to create a positive environment that fosters motivation in students through choices, a sense of belonging, encouragement and listening.
This document discusses staff motivation in tourism organizations. It defines motivation and describes various theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Motivation comes from internal desires or external incentives and is important for employee performance and commitment. The document provides tips for motivating staff, such as involving employees in decision making, recognizing contributions, meeting needs for esteem and growth, and ensuring resources and standards support good work. Motivated employees can improve productivity and reduce costs for an organization.
Motivation is explained as a process starting with a need that activates behavior driven toward a goal. Needs are created by physiological or psychological deficiencies. Drives emerge from needs and direct energy toward incentives that can reduce the need. Motives are classified as primary, general, or secondary. Primary motives are innate physiological needs. General motives like curiosity are unlearned but not physiological. Secondary motives like achievement and affiliation are learned. Secondary motives become most important in complex societies where learning shapes behavior.
Motivation is driven by physiological or psychological needs that activate behavior aimed at satisfying those needs. Needs create drives that direct energy toward incentives that can reduce the drives. Motives are classified as primary, general, or secondary. Primary motives fulfill basic needs, general motives increase stimulation, and secondary motives are learned and include power, achievement, affiliation, security, and status. Secondary motives are most influential in complex human societies.
This document discusses motivation and how to motivate oneself and others. It defines motivation as an internal drive that activates and directs behavior. It discusses major theories of motivation like Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Motivation initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. The document encourages discovering one's potential and staying confident through body language. Intrinsic motivation comes from autonomy, mastery, and having a sense of purpose. Music can motivate people. Work incentives may be more effective for mechanical work while cognitive work can be reduced by incentives. Companies like Atlassian and Google give employees flexibility to self-motivate.
The document discusses various topics related to motivation, including what motivation is, theories of motivation, and the importance of motivation. It covers concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the role of emotions in motivation. Motivation is presented as a complex topic that is important to understand human behavior and guide people towards desired goals and outcomes.
This chapter discusses the topic of motivation and the science behind it. It differentiates motivation from the concepts of morale and performance. It examines key motivation theories and what they say about what drives human behavior. The chapter identifies important lessons for pharmacists from each theory. Throughout, it describes misconceptions relating to things that motivate us and others and how misconceptions can lead to unintended behavioral consequences.
This document provides an overview of motivation theories and concepts. It discusses several key motivation theories including:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory which proposes humans have physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs that motivate behavior.
2. Herzberg's two-factor theory which distinguishes between motivators like achievement that drive job satisfaction and hygiene factors like salary that prevent dissatisfaction.
3. Vroom's expectancy theory which proposes motivation depends on expectations of effort leading to performance and performance leading to rewards.
It also briefly covers McGregor's Theory X and Y, Alderfer's ERG theory, and distinguishes between content theories focusing on needs
The document discusses different theories of motivation. It describes instinct approaches which suggest that humans are born with innate behaviors essential for survival. Drive-reduction approaches propose that internal drives like hunger motivate behavior to fulfill needs. Incentive approaches see motivation coming from desires to obtain valued external goals. Cognitive approaches view motivation as arising from thoughts, expectations and goals. Maslow's hierarchy proposes that lower-level needs like food and safety must be met before higher needs like esteem and self-actualization can motivate behavior. The document also examines theories of emotion including the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer perspectives on the relationship between physiological arousal and emotional experience.
Motivation is a psychological factor that drives organisms to achieve goals and sustain goal-directed behaviors. There are two forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation, which comes from within and involves personal pride and self-improvement, and extrinsic motivation, which involves external rewards like money or praise. Motivation levels affect performance, following an inverted U relationship with arousal. Personality and experiences also influence motivation, and coaches can use an understanding of motivation to help improve athlete and team performance.
As an administrator, there are several ways to motivate those being supervised:
1. Show examples of what needs to be done rather than just telling people what to do, allowing them to think about tasks and control their own efforts.
2. Divide large assignments into smaller parts that can be worked on by groups, giving people challenging but manageable tasks.
3. Share assignments by breaking down topics into sub-topics that different groups research and then combine, increasing involvement and ownership over the work.
Providing guidance, autonomy over tasks, and a sense of contribution can increase intrinsic motivation among those being supervised.
One can purchase a man's time, his physical presence, but can't buy his willingness to work. This can be achieved only through "Motivation".
Remember, that the ability to work is quite different from "the will to work". That's why, many talented person fail to succeed in life.
Management Theory and Organizational BehaviourARSHAD ALAM
The presentation discusses six types of motivation: incentive, fear, achievement, growth, power, and social. Incentive motivation involves rewards for achieving goals. Fear motivation uses consequences or punishment. Achievement motivation comes from accomplishing goals and proving competence. Growth motivation is an internal desire for self-improvement and knowledge. Power motivation takes the form of a desire for autonomy or control over others. Social motivation stems from the need for connection, acceptance, and affiliation with others.
Presented at the 40th NSCA National Conference in Las Vegas on July 14th, 2017.
This presentation discusses the intersection between motor learning and motivation using self-determination theory as a guide. Learn how optimizing your athlete/client's sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to a motivational environment that nurtures skill development.
- The document discusses the concept of motivation, defining it as the process that inspires people to perform tasks and achieve goals. It notes motivation arises from individual wants, needs, and desires.
- It provides definitions of motivation from various authors and describes the key characteristics of motives as being individualistic, dynamic, potentially unconscious, hierarchical, and governing behavior.
- The document also outlines the nature, process, and types of motivation in more detail, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as positive and negative motivation.
motivation In Management and in Real life as wellFarooq Ahmed Fk
The document discusses motivation and how it can be used to increase employee performance and commitment. It defines motivation as the factors that provide direction, effort, and persistence of behavior. Motivation transforms potential energy into the kinetic energy of behavior directed towards a particular cause. If managers understand what motivates their employees, they can tailor jobs and rewards to individuals. Several theories of motivation are described but none are considered best - they provide different perspectives on human behavior. Motivation can be used by finding what inspires individuals and then motivating them through intrinsic, extrinsic, and environmental factors.
This document provides a literature review and case study on the leadership style of Chef Craig Von Foerster. It examines his approach to leadership, motivation, team management, and conflict resolution as the owner of Harvest, a farm-to-table restaurant. The literature review covers theories and research on each of these topics. Interviews with Chef Craig provided insights into how he motivates employees, builds cohesive teams, and resolves conflicts to ensure the success of his restaurant. Overall, the case study concludes that Chef Craig demonstrates strong leadership and has pioneered the local farm-to-table model in his region.
Topic: Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Urooj Fatima
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Daignostic Evaluation.
Student Name: Syeda Wajeeha
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Assembling The Test
Student Name: Naeema Fareed
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall ItemsDr. Amjad Ali Arain
Topic: Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall Items
Student Name: Munazza Mohsin Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Test Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Abdul Rauf Ansari
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Student Name: Abdul Hafeez
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Meaning of Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Wardha Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Administration/Conducting the Test
Student Name: Waqar Hassan
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Counselling of Students After Reporting The Results
Student Name: Siraj ul-Haque
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Essay Type Test
Student Name: Shakti Lal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses the purpose, principles, and scope of testing and evaluation. The purpose of testing is to assess student performance and assign grades. Testing also helps predict future performance. There are four key principles of testing: practicality, reliability, validity, and authenticity. Evaluation aims to determine competence, predict educational practices, and clarify proficiency. Evaluation techniques should be selected based on their purposes and limitations. The scope of evaluation includes making value judgments, determining how well objectives were attained, and identifying student strengths, weaknesses, and needs.
Topic: Reliability
Student Name: Sarang Joyo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Report Test Result to Administration
Student Name: Rooha Shaikh
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses test development and evaluation. It defines a test item as a specific task that test takers are asked to perform. It outlines the steps for preparing test items, which include writing items according to guidelines, selecting items based on a table of specifications, reviewing and editing items, arranging items, and deciding on scoring. The document also lists principles for preparing test items such as making sure items are appropriate for the learning outcomes and free from ambiguity, bias, and technical errors. Finally, it provides a sample table of specifications that outlines the test items to be included based on topics, objectives, and item types.
Topic: Validity
Student Name: Parkash Mal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Learning Objectives
Student Name: Sualiha Lodhi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses test development and evaluation reporting for a B.Ed program. It covers principles of reporting test results to parents, including using clear language and explaining scores. The purposes of reporting are to recognize student achievement, assist in identifying student potential, enable parental support, and help parents understand student strengths and weaknesses. Reporting methods can include parent-teacher conferences, written reports, parent meetings, and newsletters.
Topic: Order and Ranking
Student Name: Ansar Hussain
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Types of Evaluation
Student Name: Aneeqa Hashmi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: School Evaluation Program
Student Name: Amtal Basit Tooba
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
4. MOTIVATION
Motivation Is An Internal Process
That Directs And Maintains Behavior.
Motivation Is An Internal Process
That Can Cause Someone To Move
Towards A Certain Goal.
5. NEEDS
Created Whenever There Is A
Physiological Or Psychological
Imbalance.
E.G. When The Body Is Deprived
Of Food.
6. DRIVES
It Is A Deficiency With Direction –
Actions Which Provide An
Energizing Thrust Towards
Reaching An Incentive
E.G. Need For Food Translates To
Hunger ( Drive)
Need For Friends Translates To A
Drive For Affiliation.
7. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN NEED AND DRIVE?
Need Is A Requirement That Has To Be
Fulfilled.
It Is Our Needs That Create A State Of
Arousal Called Drive.
Drive Keeps Us Motivated And Working To
Fulfill The Need.
If We Are Driven By Our Need For
Achievement (Money, Fame, Property), We
Keep Working To Fulfill This Need.
Needs Are Biological, Emotional And Social.