One can purchase a man's time, his physical presence, but can't buy his willingness to work. This can be achieved only through "Motivation".
Remember, that the ability to work is quite different from "the will to work". That's why, many talented person fail to succeed in life.
2. What is Motivation?
Motivation is derived from the
word’motive’ which means
needs, desires, wants or the
drives within the individuals.
It is the process of stimulating
people to actions to accomplish
the goals.
3. What is Motivation?
Motivation is a
psychological drive
that directs a person
towards an objective.
Motives are the ”whys”
of behaviour.
4. What is Motivation?
Motivation is the internal
drive to accomplish a
particular goal.
In a work setting motivation is what
makes people want to work.
5. Motivation
One can purchase a man’s time, his
physical presence, but can’t buy his
willingness to work.
This can be achieved only through
”motivation”.
We must remember that ability to work
is quite different from ”the will to
work”.
6. Then what is Motivation?
Motivation is ’encouraging people to
want to do, what you want them to
do’.
” Motivation is the act or process of
stimulating to action, providing an
incentive or motive, especially for an act”.
7. Motivation as a Process
DIRECTION PERSISTENCEENERGY
It is a process by which a person’s efforts are
energized, directed and sustained towards
attaining the goal.
*Energy- A measure of intensity or drive.
*Direction- Towards organizational goal.
*Persistence- Exerting effort to achieve goal
8. Basic Model of Motivation
Needs or
Expectation
s
Drive force
(Behavior or
Action)
Result in
To Achieve
Desired Goals
Which Providesfulfillments
Feedback
9. Positive Motivation
Positive motivation is
a
response which includes
enjoyment and optimism
about the tasks you are
involved in.
10. Negative Motivation
Negative motivation
involves undertaking
tasks because there
will be undesirable
outcomes, e.g. failing
in a subject if tasks
are
not completed
11. Early Theories of
Motivation
Maslow’s need Hierarchy
Macgregor’s Theories X & Y
Herzberg’s two factors
Theory
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
12. Maslow’s Need Theory
Maslow’s Need TheoryMaslow’s Need Theory
• Motivation is a function
of five basic needs-
physiological safety,
love, esteem, and self-
actualization.
13. Maslow’s Theory
Maslow’s theory assumes that a person
tries to satisfy the more basic needs
before directing behavior towards
satisfying the upper level needs.
Lower level needs must be
satisfied
before a higher order need begins
to
28. Maslow’s Hierarchy of
needs theory
Five levels of lower-
higher-order needs.
Individual must satisfy
lower level needs before
they can satisfy higher
order needs.
Satisfied needs no longer motivate.
Motivating a person depends on at what
level of hierarchy he is.
29. Needs Hierarchy
1. It is based on needs and not wants.
2. When one need is fulfilled, the next
higher(ascending) need is uncovered.
3. One can revert back(people operating
in level 4 & 5 will revert back to level
2, if a feeling of insecurity takes over.)
30. Needs Hierarchy
4. Needs, which are not met are
demonstrated in behaviour.
Managers should be able to pick-
up
the signals & take suitable
action at
the right time.
31.
32. McGregor’s Theory X & Y
Theory X
Assumes that workers have little
ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility
and require close supervision.
Theory Y
Assumes that workers can exercise self-
direction, desire, responsibility and like to
work.
33. McGregor’s Theory X & Y
Theory X assumptions:
Most people dislike work.
They need to be directed,
controlled and sometimes
threatened with punishment
34. Theory Y
Theory Y assumptions:
They will exercise self-direction and
self-control in achievement of
organizational goal.
People are innovative & creative of
solving organizational problems.
Minimize the role of supervision.
35. Motivational Theories X &
Y
* Theory Y- a set of
assumptions of how to
manage individuals
motivated by higher
order needs.
Theory X- a set of
assumptions of how to
manage individuals motivated by lower order
needs.
36. McClelland’s Theory
McClelland’s NeedMcClelland’s Need
TheoryTheory
• The needs for
achievement,
affiliation, and power
affect behavior.
41. Herzberg’s Two Factors
Theory
Dr. Herzberg developed his
theory that there are two
factors at work in determining
job satisfaction:
Hygiene Factors:
Pay, working condition
Inter-personal relation.
Job security, Supervision, Company policy
Status.
46. Herzberg’s Motivator-
Hygiene
Model
No Satisfaction
Satisfaction
Jobs that do not Jobs offering
offer achievement achievement
recognition, recognition,
stimulating work, stimulating work,
responsibility, responsibility,
and advancement. and advancement.
47. Herzberg’s Motivators-
Hygiene
Model
Dissatisfaction No Dissatisfaction
Jobs with poor Jobs with good
company policies, company policies,
and administration, & administration,
technical supervision technical supervision,
salary, interpersonal salary, interpersonal
relationships with relationships with
supervisors, and supervisors, and
working conditions. working conditions.
54. Self Motivation Strategies
Take control of your expectations
Fight the urge to under-achieve
Learn to love the job, which you hate
Build immunity to cynicism
Strive to excell
57. A Case Study
The manager of A.B.C.Ltd. Realized that the
level of moral and motivation of their employees
was very low and there was dissatisfaction among
the employees. Labor productivity was also found
to be very low. After investigating the causes of
dissatisfaction, the managers decided that if
employees were to be motivated, there was a need
to establish and maintain good interpersonal
relation, over and above good salary, job security,
proper working conditions and supervision.
58. A Case Study
So, they put in sincere efforts to improve all
these factors during one year. Yet,
surprisingly, they came to know that in
spite of reduction in the degree of
dissatisfaction, the level of morale and
motivation was low and there was no
significant increase in their productivity.
Therefore, the managers were worried.
What managerial problem is involved in
the above case? Suggest a solution.
62. At the End
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