Topic: Motivation & Its Types
Student Name: Sumera Khan
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Scope and importance of educational psychologyAnnieThakur3
This presentation is intended to understand
Educational psychology : scope and its importance
Educational Psychology is important because it trains us to watch for different learning situations and how to adapt to those situations accordingly.
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Theories of motivation: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
The document outlines various aims of education, including individual aims like moral and spiritual development, social aims like becoming a useful member of society, and vocational aims like preparing students to earn a livelihood. It also discusses intellectual aims of developing intelligence, cultural aims of becoming cultured, moral aims of promoting values like honesty, and citizenship aims of growing as productive members of society. The document also mentions aims related to physical health, character development, leisure, and aims proposed by various education commissions and policies over time like the National Policy on Education and National Curriculum Framework.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines intrinsic motivation as motivation coming from within an individual, such as enjoying an activity. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside rewards like money or grades. While extrinsic motivation can be effective, over-reliance on it may undermine intrinsic motivation. The document advocates using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to encourage student autonomy and enhance performance.
This document discusses the nature and characteristics of learning. It defines learning as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or teaching. It then outlines several key characteristics of learning:
1. Learning is unitary - the whole person responds intellectually, emotionally, physically, and spiritually to learning situations.
2. Learning is individual - each person learns differently based on their unique background and abilities.
3. Learning is social - it occurs through interactions with other individuals in a social environment.
4. Learning is purposeful - it is directed towards goals determined by a person's motives and incentives. Learning aims to enable meaningful adjustments and problem-solving.
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people learn in educational settings, both in and out of school. It aims to apply psychological insights and principles to understand and improve educational practice. Some key areas it covers are understanding learners, selecting learning experiences, teaching techniques and strategies, creating effective learning environments, and evaluating learning outcomes. It provides a scientific basis and practical guidance to help learners acquire knowledge and skills through satisfactory educational experiences.
This document discusses individual differences, which refer to the variations between individuals. It notes that no two individuals are alike, even identical twins, and that people differ in traits like intelligence, interests, personality, and physical characteristics. These differences are caused by factors like heredity, environment, race, sex, age, and education. The document outlines dimensions of individual differences and educational implications, such as tailoring curriculum, teaching methods, activities, and grouping to students' varying abilities and needs. It also discusses problems that can arise from individual differences in the classroom and remedial measures teachers can take.
Scope and importance of educational psychologyAnnieThakur3
This presentation is intended to understand
Educational psychology : scope and its importance
Educational Psychology is important because it trains us to watch for different learning situations and how to adapt to those situations accordingly.
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Theories of motivation: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
The document outlines various aims of education, including individual aims like moral and spiritual development, social aims like becoming a useful member of society, and vocational aims like preparing students to earn a livelihood. It also discusses intellectual aims of developing intelligence, cultural aims of becoming cultured, moral aims of promoting values like honesty, and citizenship aims of growing as productive members of society. The document also mentions aims related to physical health, character development, leisure, and aims proposed by various education commissions and policies over time like the National Policy on Education and National Curriculum Framework.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines intrinsic motivation as motivation coming from within an individual, such as enjoying an activity. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside rewards like money or grades. While extrinsic motivation can be effective, over-reliance on it may undermine intrinsic motivation. The document advocates using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to encourage student autonomy and enhance performance.
This document discusses the nature and characteristics of learning. It defines learning as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or teaching. It then outlines several key characteristics of learning:
1. Learning is unitary - the whole person responds intellectually, emotionally, physically, and spiritually to learning situations.
2. Learning is individual - each person learns differently based on their unique background and abilities.
3. Learning is social - it occurs through interactions with other individuals in a social environment.
4. Learning is purposeful - it is directed towards goals determined by a person's motives and incentives. Learning aims to enable meaningful adjustments and problem-solving.
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people learn in educational settings, both in and out of school. It aims to apply psychological insights and principles to understand and improve educational practice. Some key areas it covers are understanding learners, selecting learning experiences, teaching techniques and strategies, creating effective learning environments, and evaluating learning outcomes. It provides a scientific basis and practical guidance to help learners acquire knowledge and skills through satisfactory educational experiences.
This document discusses individual differences, which refer to the variations between individuals. It notes that no two individuals are alike, even identical twins, and that people differ in traits like intelligence, interests, personality, and physical characteristics. These differences are caused by factors like heredity, environment, race, sex, age, and education. The document outlines dimensions of individual differences and educational implications, such as tailoring curriculum, teaching methods, activities, and grouping to students' varying abilities and needs. It also discusses problems that can arise from individual differences in the classroom and remedial measures teachers can take.
This document discusses four methods of studying psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, and case study. It provides details on what each method involves, its advantages and limitations. Introspection involves observing one's own mental states, while observation looks at the mental processes of others. Experimentation uses controlled experiments in a laboratory setting. Case study analyzes an individual's behavior by reviewing their past and present circumstances. Each method provides a different perspective but also has limitations in terms of subjectivity, resources required, and applicability to different situations.
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation as the act or process that moves people towards certain actions by satisfying their needs and desires. Motivation is important for managing human resources effectively. The document outlines traditional and modern approaches to motivation, providing definitions from several experts. It also describes the nature of motivation, noting it is psychological, can be financial or non-financial, positive or negative, and differs between individuals.
Motivation and learning - Educational PsychologyJenna Condie
This document discusses motivation and learning. Part one covers psychological understandings of motivation including effectance motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and how motivation relates to educational contexts. Part two identifies motivations to learn through a case study, discusses interventions for increasing teacher expectations and divergent thinking, and how to create motivating seminars. The document emphasizes that motivation is specific to activities, learning is more motivated when contextualized, and both teacher expectations and developing identities as learners can impact motivation.
Clark Hull developed drive reduction theory in the early 20th century as the first theory of motivation. The theory proposes that physiological needs create a state of tension or "drive" that motivates an organism to satisfy that need and reduce the drive. Primary drives are innate, like hunger, while secondary drives are learned. The goal is to reduce the drive through an activity that fulfills the need, restoring homeostasis in the body. Hull later modified his theory to focus on reducing drive stimuli rather than the drive itself to better explain how learning occurs.
Educational Psychology- Definition, Nature, Scope, Importance and Issues.SnehaHazra
Educational psychology deals with improving teaching and learning through scientific methods. It studies how individuals learn throughout their lives and how to create effective learning experiences. The goals of educational psychology are to understand learners, improve teaching methods, and solve practical educational problems through empirical research.
Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives Ancy Shyju
Bloom's taxonomy is a classification system used to define levels of cognition. It was created in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom and categorizes learning objectives into knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The taxonomy has three domains: cognitive (thinking), affective (emotion), and psychomotor (physical skills). The cognitive domain involves knowledge and intellectual abilities and ranges from basic recall to evaluation. The affective domain involves attitudes, emotions, and values. The psychomotor domain includes physical skills and movement. Bloom's taxonomy provides a framework to design educational objectives and activities to promote higher forms of thinking beyond simple memorization.
its all about learning and u can find out all your doubts related to learning and if you have any more information so just email us sharmasandeep328@gmail.com.....
Learning :Definition, concept, process &chractersticsvinita katpatal
The document discusses the concept and process of learning. It defines learning as a change in behavior that results from direct or indirect experiences. The learning process involves three key elements - a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and a block or obstacle to achieving the goal. The process of learning includes setting goals to satisfy needs and motives, and overcoming barriers to attain those goals through new behaviors, knowledge, or skills. Finally, the document outlines several characteristics of learning, such as it being a continuous lifelong process, purposive, transferable between situations, and helping to bring desirable changes in behavior.
The document outlines the 8 steps in the learning process: 1) setting a goal, 2) being ready physically and mentally, 3) interacting with the learning situation, 4) interacting and testing different responses, 5) getting results that confirm or reject the responses, 6) reacting to failures by changing behavior and ideas, and 7) actively participating in learning activities and discussions. Effective learning requires going through all these steps, with active student participation being especially important.
This document provides an overview of educational psychology. It begins with an introduction to the field and various methods used in psychology, including introspection, observation, experimentation, case studies, and interviews. It then covers key topics like growth and development across the lifespan, intelligence and theories of intelligence, and cognitive development in children. The document also discusses theories of needs, individual differences, and approaches to intelligence like Spearman's two-factor theory and Guilford's structure of intellect. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to major concepts and approaches within educational psychology.
Unit 07 motivation in educational psychologyDARSGHAH
Unit 07 motivation in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Motivation plays a key role in the teaching-learning process. The document discusses several theories of motivation and their implications for teaching. It describes motivation as arousing students' attention and directing it toward goals. Effective teachers motivate students through their personality, worthwhile tasks, and classroom environment. They display care, humor, and high expectations. Lessons should incorporate interaction and relevance to intrinsically motivate students. Extrinsic factors like praise and rewards also influence motivation. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of understanding motivation and applying motivational techniques to engage students in learning.
The document outlines the general aims of education according to Dr. Maheswari Jaikumar. It discusses 13 specific aims including vocational, knowledge, complete living, harmonious development, self-realization, moral development, physical development, emotional development, chance for development, cultural development, citizenship, education for leisure, and social & individual development. The ultimate aims of education are said to be individual development, social and national development, social transformation, modernization, and acquisition of values.
The document outlines several maxims or principles for effective teaching:
1) Teaching should start from knowledge students already possess and link new knowledge to existing knowledge, proceeding from known to unknown, simple to complex, concrete to abstract, part to whole, and definite to indefinite.
2) New concepts should be analyzed into parts before synthesizing into a whole, proceeding from analysis to synthesis and induction to deduction.
3) Instruction should start with empirical, psychological, actual examples before moving to rational, logical, and representative explanations, proceeding from empirical to rational, psychological to logical, and actual to representative.
Motivation -Definition, Significance, Types of Motivation, Characteristics, N...Suresh Babu
Motivation -Definition, Significance, Types of Motivation, Achievement motivation, Characteristics, Needs, Strategies for developing motivation in learners, Reward and punishment, Praise and Blame
This document presents an overview of Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. It discusses the three domains of the taxonomy: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. For each domain, it describes the classification and subdivision of educational objectives. The cognitive domain contains 6 categories related to thinking and reasoning skills. The affective domain has 5 categories associated with attitudes, values, and interests. The psychomotor domain is divided into 5 levels related to manual and physical skills. Overall, Bloom's Taxonomy provides a framework for defining different types of learning objectives and sequencing learning activities from lower to higher order thinking.
The document discusses maxims of teaching, which are simple guidelines or principles that help teachers make decisions during the teaching process. Some key maxims discussed include proceeding from the known to the unknown, from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, and from analysis to synthesis. The maxims are based on the experiences of educators and are intended to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Examples are provided for how each maxim can be applied in practice.
Effective teaching results in desirable behavioral changes in students and allows them to learn independently. It involves explaining concepts to students through personal example. The key characteristics of effective teachers are that they understand learning must occur, are committed to continuous self-improvement, and show genuine interest in students' success. Other characteristics include being positive, communicative, dependable, organized, motivated, compassionate, flexible, perceptive of individual students, and knowledgeable in their subject matter.
This document discusses four methods of studying psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, and case study. It provides details on what each method involves, its advantages and limitations. Introspection involves observing one's own mental states, while observation looks at the mental processes of others. Experimentation uses controlled experiments in a laboratory setting. Case study analyzes an individual's behavior by reviewing their past and present circumstances. Each method provides a different perspective but also has limitations in terms of subjectivity, resources required, and applicability to different situations.
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation as the act or process that moves people towards certain actions by satisfying their needs and desires. Motivation is important for managing human resources effectively. The document outlines traditional and modern approaches to motivation, providing definitions from several experts. It also describes the nature of motivation, noting it is psychological, can be financial or non-financial, positive or negative, and differs between individuals.
Motivation and learning - Educational PsychologyJenna Condie
This document discusses motivation and learning. Part one covers psychological understandings of motivation including effectance motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and how motivation relates to educational contexts. Part two identifies motivations to learn through a case study, discusses interventions for increasing teacher expectations and divergent thinking, and how to create motivating seminars. The document emphasizes that motivation is specific to activities, learning is more motivated when contextualized, and both teacher expectations and developing identities as learners can impact motivation.
Clark Hull developed drive reduction theory in the early 20th century as the first theory of motivation. The theory proposes that physiological needs create a state of tension or "drive" that motivates an organism to satisfy that need and reduce the drive. Primary drives are innate, like hunger, while secondary drives are learned. The goal is to reduce the drive through an activity that fulfills the need, restoring homeostasis in the body. Hull later modified his theory to focus on reducing drive stimuli rather than the drive itself to better explain how learning occurs.
Educational Psychology- Definition, Nature, Scope, Importance and Issues.SnehaHazra
Educational psychology deals with improving teaching and learning through scientific methods. It studies how individuals learn throughout their lives and how to create effective learning experiences. The goals of educational psychology are to understand learners, improve teaching methods, and solve practical educational problems through empirical research.
Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives Ancy Shyju
Bloom's taxonomy is a classification system used to define levels of cognition. It was created in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom and categorizes learning objectives into knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The taxonomy has three domains: cognitive (thinking), affective (emotion), and psychomotor (physical skills). The cognitive domain involves knowledge and intellectual abilities and ranges from basic recall to evaluation. The affective domain involves attitudes, emotions, and values. The psychomotor domain includes physical skills and movement. Bloom's taxonomy provides a framework to design educational objectives and activities to promote higher forms of thinking beyond simple memorization.
its all about learning and u can find out all your doubts related to learning and if you have any more information so just email us sharmasandeep328@gmail.com.....
Learning :Definition, concept, process &chractersticsvinita katpatal
The document discusses the concept and process of learning. It defines learning as a change in behavior that results from direct or indirect experiences. The learning process involves three key elements - a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and a block or obstacle to achieving the goal. The process of learning includes setting goals to satisfy needs and motives, and overcoming barriers to attain those goals through new behaviors, knowledge, or skills. Finally, the document outlines several characteristics of learning, such as it being a continuous lifelong process, purposive, transferable between situations, and helping to bring desirable changes in behavior.
The document outlines the 8 steps in the learning process: 1) setting a goal, 2) being ready physically and mentally, 3) interacting with the learning situation, 4) interacting and testing different responses, 5) getting results that confirm or reject the responses, 6) reacting to failures by changing behavior and ideas, and 7) actively participating in learning activities and discussions. Effective learning requires going through all these steps, with active student participation being especially important.
This document provides an overview of educational psychology. It begins with an introduction to the field and various methods used in psychology, including introspection, observation, experimentation, case studies, and interviews. It then covers key topics like growth and development across the lifespan, intelligence and theories of intelligence, and cognitive development in children. The document also discusses theories of needs, individual differences, and approaches to intelligence like Spearman's two-factor theory and Guilford's structure of intellect. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to major concepts and approaches within educational psychology.
Unit 07 motivation in educational psychologyDARSGHAH
Unit 07 motivation in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Motivation plays a key role in the teaching-learning process. The document discusses several theories of motivation and their implications for teaching. It describes motivation as arousing students' attention and directing it toward goals. Effective teachers motivate students through their personality, worthwhile tasks, and classroom environment. They display care, humor, and high expectations. Lessons should incorporate interaction and relevance to intrinsically motivate students. Extrinsic factors like praise and rewards also influence motivation. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of understanding motivation and applying motivational techniques to engage students in learning.
The document outlines the general aims of education according to Dr. Maheswari Jaikumar. It discusses 13 specific aims including vocational, knowledge, complete living, harmonious development, self-realization, moral development, physical development, emotional development, chance for development, cultural development, citizenship, education for leisure, and social & individual development. The ultimate aims of education are said to be individual development, social and national development, social transformation, modernization, and acquisition of values.
The document outlines several maxims or principles for effective teaching:
1) Teaching should start from knowledge students already possess and link new knowledge to existing knowledge, proceeding from known to unknown, simple to complex, concrete to abstract, part to whole, and definite to indefinite.
2) New concepts should be analyzed into parts before synthesizing into a whole, proceeding from analysis to synthesis and induction to deduction.
3) Instruction should start with empirical, psychological, actual examples before moving to rational, logical, and representative explanations, proceeding from empirical to rational, psychological to logical, and actual to representative.
Motivation -Definition, Significance, Types of Motivation, Characteristics, N...Suresh Babu
Motivation -Definition, Significance, Types of Motivation, Achievement motivation, Characteristics, Needs, Strategies for developing motivation in learners, Reward and punishment, Praise and Blame
This document presents an overview of Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. It discusses the three domains of the taxonomy: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. For each domain, it describes the classification and subdivision of educational objectives. The cognitive domain contains 6 categories related to thinking and reasoning skills. The affective domain has 5 categories associated with attitudes, values, and interests. The psychomotor domain is divided into 5 levels related to manual and physical skills. Overall, Bloom's Taxonomy provides a framework for defining different types of learning objectives and sequencing learning activities from lower to higher order thinking.
The document discusses maxims of teaching, which are simple guidelines or principles that help teachers make decisions during the teaching process. Some key maxims discussed include proceeding from the known to the unknown, from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, and from analysis to synthesis. The maxims are based on the experiences of educators and are intended to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Examples are provided for how each maxim can be applied in practice.
Effective teaching results in desirable behavioral changes in students and allows them to learn independently. It involves explaining concepts to students through personal example. The key characteristics of effective teachers are that they understand learning must occur, are committed to continuous self-improvement, and show genuine interest in students' success. Other characteristics include being positive, communicative, dependable, organized, motivated, compassionate, flexible, perceptive of individual students, and knowledgeable in their subject matter.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the factor that leads a person to act, and provides needs or desires to create intentions and goals. Motivation is important for teachers as it leads to student participation, higher achievement, and a positive outlook. The document also discusses different types of motivation like power motivation and achievement motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment of an activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards. Sources of motivation include affective, cognitive, and conative needs. The conclusion states that motivation is extremely important for teachers to encourage diligent and enjoyable work from students.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the factor that leads a person to act, and provides needs or desires to create intentions and goals. Motivation is important for teachers as it leads to student participation, higher achievement, and a positive outlook. The document also discusses different types of motivation like power motivation and affiliation motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment of an activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards. Sources of motivation include affective, cognitive, and conative needs. The conclusion states motivation is extremely important for teachers and students.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the factor that leads a person to act, and provides needs or desires to create intentions and goals. Motivation is important for teachers as it leads to student participation, higher achievement, and a positive outlook. The document also discusses different types of motivation like power motivation and affiliation motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment of an activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards. Sources of motivation include affective, cognitive, and conative needs. The conclusion states motivation is extremely important for teachers and students.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the factor that leads a person to act, and provides needs or desires to create intentions and goals. Motivation is important for teachers as it leads to student participation, higher achievement, and a positive outlook. The document also discusses different types of motivation like power motivation and achievement motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment of an activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards. Sources of motivation include affective, cognitive, and conative needs. The conclusion states motivation is extremely important for teachers and students.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the factor that leads a person to act, and provides needs or desires to create intentions and goals. Motivation is important for teachers as it leads to student participation, higher achievement, and a positive outlook. The document also discusses different types of motivation like power motivation and achievement motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment of an activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards. Sources of motivation include affective, cognitive, and conative needs. The conclusion states motivation is extremely important for teachers and students.
The document discusses motivation in teaching and learning. It defines motivation as the impetus that drives people to act and be goal-oriented. Motivation is important in teaching because it leads to students participating more in class, achieving higher excellence, and having a better attitude. The sources of motivation can be power, attitudes, incentives, fear, competence, affiliation, or achievement. Intrinsic motivation comes from within a person enjoying an activity, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards like money or grades. Overall, motivation is an important tool for teachers to help students develop skills and achieve goals.
The document examines factors that influence student motivation and achievement, including motivation, school culture, student self-concept, and goal-setting. It provides strategies for teachers and administrators to improve student motivation. Specifically, it discusses how principals can shape a positive school culture, the importance of developing student self-concept through teacher support, and how goal-setting can empower students and provide purpose. The key is for all stakeholders to work together to challenge and support students towards excellence.
The document discusses Jiddu Krishnamurthy's philosophy of education. It provides an overview of Krishnamurthy's views on the meaning and aims of education, curriculum, teaching methods, the roles of students and teachers, examinations, and the place of schools. Many of Krishnamurthy's ideas such as experiential learning, integrated curriculum, qualitative assessment, and creating a fearless learning environment are reflected in India's National Education Policy of 2020. The document analyzes how Krishnamurthy's holistic and child-centered approach to education forms the foundation for progressive changes in educational policy.
This document defines motivation and discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in education. It defines motivation as stimulating behavior toward a goal. Intrinsic motivation comes from an inherently enjoyable activity itself, while extrinsic motivation involves external rewards separate from the activity's enjoyment. While extrinsic rewards can stimulate learning, overuse may undermine intrinsic motivation if students focus on the rewards rather than learning. The document examines different views of motivation and strategies teachers can use to motivate students intrinsically.
Educational psychology is the scientific study of human behavior in educational situations. It draws from psychology, biology, sociology, and anthropology to understand learning, development, individual differences, assessment, and classroom management. The field aims to explain and improve educational processes by addressing questions about why some students learn more than others and how to enhance learning. Educational psychology is applied to help teachers understand learners, develop effective teaching techniques, create favorable learning environments, and provide guidance.
1. Teaching is a process that usually occurs in the classroom where a teacher conveys knowledge and skills to students. The goal is to impart knowledge, change attitudes and behaviors, and provide life experiences.
2. Teaching requires diagnosing students' entry behaviors and abilities, setting educational objectives, and analyzing available resources. It also involves selecting appropriate content and teaching methods tailored to individual students.
3. For teaching to be effective there must be interaction between the teacher as the independent variable working to influence students as the dependent variable through intervening variables like content, methods, and environment.
Teachers motivation leads to student motivationRhoda Erebholo
There are three types of motivation according to psychology: amotivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. A teacher's motivation can impact a student's motivation by bringing positive energy to the classroom, knowing each student's strengths and interests, and setting accurate performance goals to encourage students. Effective teaching strategies include becoming an engaged role model, using various teaching methods, and giving students more control over their learning.
This document discusses the life and work of Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development. Some key points:
- Piaget was influential in developing constructivism, the theory that people actively construct knowledge through experiences. He believed learning occurs through constructing and reconstructing ideas.
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development outlined four main stages - sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational - that children progress through as they interact with the world.
- According to constructivism, knowledge is constantly evolving through active learning. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than leader, encouraging creativity, group work, and student-driven learning.
Importance of motivation in teaching and learning
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of education; Pakistan
-Motivation
Is an inner drive that causes you to do something and persevere at something.
While ability refers to what children can do, motivation refers to what this children will do.
Motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior.
When we get motivated to do something, it is not enough that we start working at that thing but that we get attracted to it.
Our attraction towards it becomes so intense that we persist working on it through thick and thin until its completion.
-Indicators of a High Level of Motivation
Your students level of motivation is shown in his/her choice of action, intensity and persistence of effort. If you have a highly motivated student, you have a student who is excited about learning and accomplishing things. S/he has takes the initiative to undertake learning task, assignments and projects without being pushed by his or her teachers and parents.
S/he has goals to accomplish and dreams to realize. S/he is convinced that accomplishing the things s/he is asked to accomplish in class helps her/him realize the goals s/he has set for herself/himself and his/her dream in life. S/he is willing to give up the satisfaction of immediate goals for the sake of more important remote goals.
TYPES
INTRINSIC
It is intrinsic when the source of motivation is from within the person himself/herself or the activity itself. It is motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake.
EXTRINSIC
Motivation is extrinsic when that which motivates a person is someone or something outside him/her. Extrinsic motivation is motivation to engage in an activity as a means to an end.
The Role of Extrinsic Motivation
Initially, extrinsic motivation is necessary to develop the love for learning among poorly motivated students. If good grades, rewards, praises or words of encouragement or fear of failing grade can motivate unmotivated students to study, Why not? For as long as students are hardly motivated, external motivation in the form of rewards, incentives or punishment play a significant role in the development of motivated students. Its is expected, however, that these extrinsic motivational factors be gradually replaced by internal motivation.
Creative teacher empowerment in the asian context (2)Paul Doyon
The document discusses concepts related to teacher empowerment and development. It defines empowerment as equipping people with abilities to shape their own lives and influence events around them. Teacher development refers to ongoing professional learning through reflective discussions based on classroom experiences. True development empowers individual teachers by being initiated by teachers themselves and involving personal construction of knowledge through collaboration. The document also discusses concepts like intrinsic motivation, which comes from satisfaction of doing an activity itself, and how it is fueled by needs for autonomy, competence, belonging, self-esteem, and enjoyment.
This presentation is part of a course on Building a positive behaviour classroom. Teachers are encouraged to review the range of approaches to managing behaviour and develop their own.
Teacher plays a vital role in shaping students and the future of the country. They are responsible for passing on knowledge, facilitating learning, mentoring students, and serving as social models and motivators. An effective teacher has mastery of their subject, motivates students, is dedicated, encourages cooperation and creativity, and maintains high academic standards and a positive attitude. Teachers impact students' development and are instrumental in their growth as the "builders of the nation".
Topic: Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Urooj Fatima
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Daignostic Evaluation.
Student Name: Syeda Wajeeha
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Assembling The Test
Student Name: Naeema Fareed
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall ItemsDr. Amjad Ali Arain
Topic: Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall Items
Student Name: Munazza Mohsin Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Test Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Abdul Rauf Ansari
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Student Name: Abdul Hafeez
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Meaning of Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Wardha Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Administration/Conducting the Test
Student Name: Waqar Hassan
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Counselling of Students After Reporting The Results
Student Name: Siraj ul-Haque
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Essay Type Test
Student Name: Shakti Lal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses the purpose, principles, and scope of testing and evaluation. The purpose of testing is to assess student performance and assign grades. Testing also helps predict future performance. There are four key principles of testing: practicality, reliability, validity, and authenticity. Evaluation aims to determine competence, predict educational practices, and clarify proficiency. Evaluation techniques should be selected based on their purposes and limitations. The scope of evaluation includes making value judgments, determining how well objectives were attained, and identifying student strengths, weaknesses, and needs.
Topic: Reliability
Student Name: Sarang Joyo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Report Test Result to Administration
Student Name: Rooha Shaikh
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses test development and evaluation. It defines a test item as a specific task that test takers are asked to perform. It outlines the steps for preparing test items, which include writing items according to guidelines, selecting items based on a table of specifications, reviewing and editing items, arranging items, and deciding on scoring. The document also lists principles for preparing test items such as making sure items are appropriate for the learning outcomes and free from ambiguity, bias, and technical errors. Finally, it provides a sample table of specifications that outlines the test items to be included based on topics, objectives, and item types.
Topic: Validity
Student Name: Parkash Mal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Learning Objectives
Student Name: Sualiha Lodhi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses test development and evaluation reporting for a B.Ed program. It covers principles of reporting test results to parents, including using clear language and explaining scores. The purposes of reporting are to recognize student achievement, assist in identifying student potential, enable parental support, and help parents understand student strengths and weaknesses. Reporting methods can include parent-teacher conferences, written reports, parent meetings, and newsletters.
Topic: Order and Ranking
Student Name: Ansar Hussain
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Types of Evaluation
Student Name: Aneeqa Hashmi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: School Evaluation Program
Student Name: Amtal Basit Tooba
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
6. It is define as a driving force that initiates and directs behavior.
Motivation is a kind of internal energy which drives a person to do
something in order to achieve something.
It is a temporal or dynamic state with in a person which is not concerned
with his/her personality.
7. Students get to participate in classroom.
Motivation in students makes all the difference in the world.
Students who are motivated by their teachers reach the highest levels of excellence in
school.
Student will not want to be away from school if they are highly motivated.
One of the most important effect of motivating students is the use of a positive
classroom behavior system.
10. Intrinsic motivation is evident when people
engage in an activity for its own sake,
without some obvious external incentive
present.
e.g. Ali learn math to having add up the price
of his favorite toys or figuring out the angles
or curves of his favorite roller coaster.
11. Extrinsic motivation comes from the
out side of an individual.
Extrinsic motivation in the form of
rewards incentives or punishment.
12. Extrinsic motivation is necessary to
develop the love for learning among
poorly motivated student.
e.g A cheering crowd and the desire
to win a trophy.
13. We may begin employing extrinsic
motivation at the start but this
should fade away as the student
get intrinsically motivated
themselves.
Motivation is all around us, we just
have to know where to look.