The document discusses malware analysis and provides an overview of key topics including:
- Types of malware analysis including static (code) analysis and behavioral analysis
- The goals of malware analysis are to understand how malware functions and infects systems to help build defenses
- Tools used in malware analysis include disassemblers, debuggers, and sandboxes to observe malware behavior
Malware refers to malicious software like viruses, worms, and trojans. Viruses propagate by infecting other programs and spread when an infected program is run. Worms propagate without human interaction by exploiting vulnerabilities. Trojans appear desirable but are malicious, and must be run by the user. Malware spreads through websites, email attachments, links, and removable media. Anti-malware software uses signatures and behavior analysis to detect and remove malware through scanning, detection, and removal.
This document discusses modern malware threats and techniques. It defines malware and describes traditional vs modern malware approaches. Modern malware uses stealthy techniques like obfuscation and rootkits to avoid detection. It communicates through various protocols and services to command and control systems. The document outlines threat actors like cybercriminals, nation-states and hacktivists and recommends defenses like antivirus, firewalls, and employee training to mitigate risks.
Viruses and malware can damage computers. Viruses spread by copying themselves, while malware is designed to access or harm devices without owner knowledge. Common malware includes adware, bugs, rootkits, Trojans, and ransomware. It is important to use updated antivirus software, strong passwords, firewalls, and be cautious of suspicious links and downloads to protect devices from viruses and malware.
This document discusses different types of malicious programs including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, logic bombs, spyware, and adware. Viruses replicate by inserting copies of themselves into other programs or files. Worms replicate across network connections without needing host programs. Trojan horses appear useful but contain hidden malicious code. Logic bombs trigger when specific conditions occur. Spyware collects user information without consent. Adware automatically displays advertisements. The document provides examples of different malware types and advises users to only install trusted software and keep anti-virus software updated.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
Malware and Anti-Malware Seminar by Benny CzarnyOPSWAT
Benny Czarny presented an introduction to malware and anti-malware to computer science students at San Francisco State University. The presentation introduced the concept of malware, types of malware, and methods for detecting malware. Benny provided examples of historical malware and illustrations of the difficulties that security vendors face in detecting threats.
This document provides an overview of various internet security threats including malicious webpages, malware, viruses, spyware, and keyloggers. It defines these threats and describes how they infect systems and collect sensitive information without consent. The document also outlines approaches for detecting and preventing these threats, such as using antivirus software, practicing safe browsing habits, and implementing full-featured security solutions.
Malicious code, such as viruses and worms, can attach themselves to programs and spread by modifying other programs as they run. They can cause harm by deleting files, displaying messages, or preventing systems from booting properly. Viruses embed themselves in target programs by overwriting code, changing file pointers, or inserting themselves in boot sectors or memory-resident programs. They are able to spread through networks or by infecting files shared between systems. Viruses can be detected by analyzing their code storage and execution patterns, or how they transmit from one system to another.
Malware refers to malicious software like viruses, worms, and trojans. Viruses propagate by infecting other programs and spread when an infected program is run. Worms propagate without human interaction by exploiting vulnerabilities. Trojans appear desirable but are malicious, and must be run by the user. Malware spreads through websites, email attachments, links, and removable media. Anti-malware software uses signatures and behavior analysis to detect and remove malware through scanning, detection, and removal.
This document discusses modern malware threats and techniques. It defines malware and describes traditional vs modern malware approaches. Modern malware uses stealthy techniques like obfuscation and rootkits to avoid detection. It communicates through various protocols and services to command and control systems. The document outlines threat actors like cybercriminals, nation-states and hacktivists and recommends defenses like antivirus, firewalls, and employee training to mitigate risks.
Viruses and malware can damage computers. Viruses spread by copying themselves, while malware is designed to access or harm devices without owner knowledge. Common malware includes adware, bugs, rootkits, Trojans, and ransomware. It is important to use updated antivirus software, strong passwords, firewalls, and be cautious of suspicious links and downloads to protect devices from viruses and malware.
This document discusses different types of malicious programs including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, logic bombs, spyware, and adware. Viruses replicate by inserting copies of themselves into other programs or files. Worms replicate across network connections without needing host programs. Trojan horses appear useful but contain hidden malicious code. Logic bombs trigger when specific conditions occur. Spyware collects user information without consent. Adware automatically displays advertisements. The document provides examples of different malware types and advises users to only install trusted software and keep anti-virus software updated.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
Malware and Anti-Malware Seminar by Benny CzarnyOPSWAT
Benny Czarny presented an introduction to malware and anti-malware to computer science students at San Francisco State University. The presentation introduced the concept of malware, types of malware, and methods for detecting malware. Benny provided examples of historical malware and illustrations of the difficulties that security vendors face in detecting threats.
This document provides an overview of various internet security threats including malicious webpages, malware, viruses, spyware, and keyloggers. It defines these threats and describes how they infect systems and collect sensitive information without consent. The document also outlines approaches for detecting and preventing these threats, such as using antivirus software, practicing safe browsing habits, and implementing full-featured security solutions.
Malicious code, such as viruses and worms, can attach themselves to programs and spread by modifying other programs as they run. They can cause harm by deleting files, displaying messages, or preventing systems from booting properly. Viruses embed themselves in target programs by overwriting code, changing file pointers, or inserting themselves in boot sectors or memory-resident programs. They are able to spread through networks or by infecting files shared between systems. Viruses can be detected by analyzing their code storage and execution patterns, or how they transmit from one system to another.
Malicious Software,Terminology of malicious programme,Malicious programs,Nature of Viruses,Virus Operation-four phases or life cycle of virus,Virus Structure,Types of Viruses,Anti-Virus Software
This document summarizes various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, trojan horses, logic bombs, and backdoors. It describes how viruses and worms operate by having dormant, propagation, and triggering phases. Viruses can attach to files or reside in memory. Worms replicate over networks to infect other systems. The document also discusses countermeasures like antivirus software, digital immune systems, and efforts to prevent, detect, and trace distributed denial of service attacks.
Malicious software, also known as malware, refers to programs that are intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. There are several types of malware including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and spyware. Viruses attach themselves to other programs and replicate when the host program is executed, while worms can replicate independently and propagate across networks. Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate programs to trick users into installing them. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks aim to make networked services unavailable by flooding them with traffic from compromised systems.
malware, types of malware, virus, trojans, worm, rootkit, ransomware, malware protection, malware protection laws India, how malware works, history of malware
A short presentation on the basics of Malicious Software and Viruses and methods to detect, prevent and remove them and to spread awareness of this growing issue.
The document provides an overview of malicious software including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines viruses as self-replicating code that attaches itself to other programs and executes when the host program runs. Worms are independent programs that replicate themselves across networks to infect other computers. The document also describes other types of malicious software like backdoors, logic bombs, and Trojan horses, and explains how DDoS attacks are constructed to overwhelm servers.
This document discusses viruses and antivirus software. It defines a computer virus as a program that can infect other programs. It then discusses various sources of viruses, types of viruses, and what antivirus software is. The document outlines two main methods that antivirus uses to identify viruses: signature-based detection, which compares files to known virus signatures; and heuristic-based detection, which uses general patterns to detect unknown viruses. It provides details on how each method works and their respective advantages and limitations.
This document discusses malware forensics. It defines malware as malicious software programs and describes what malware can do. The document outlines different types of malware and explains how malware analysis has become a forensic discipline. It describes malware forensics as investigating malware properties to identify culprits and reasons for attacks. This includes analyzing malicious code, entry points, propagation methods, and system impacts. The document contrasts static and dynamic malware analysis approaches.
What is malware? How can I protect myself against malware on my computer? Helpful tips and information about computer Viruses, Worms, Trojans, Ransomware, Scareware, Spyware, Adware and Phishing mails.
This document discusses various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, and malware. It provides definitions and examples of different viruses and worms, how they spread and replicate on systems. It also summarizes approaches for detecting, identifying and removing viruses and worms, as well as proactive containment strategies for worms.
This document defines and describes various types of malicious software (malware) such as viruses, worms, trojans, and rootkits. It explains that malware can harm computer systems and takes various forms. The document then describes key characteristics of different types of viruses like parasitic viruses, memory resident viruses, boot sector viruses, stealth viruses, polymorphic viruses, and metamorphic viruses. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of using antivirus software to protect systems from malware like viruses and worms.
This document discusses anti-virus software. It begins with an introduction to anti-virus software and what it is used for. Then it discusses the history of anti-virus software and how it originated in response to early computer viruses and malware. It also covers different types of anti-virus software like firewalls, network layer firewalls, proxy servers, and application layer firewalls. It describes how anti-virus software works to identify, prevent and remove malware like viruses, adware, and spyware. Common types of anti-virus detection methods are also summarized such as signature-based detection, heuristics, rootkit detection, and real-time protection.
This document provides information about viruses, worms, and Trojans, including their definitions, histories, and how to prevent attacks. Viruses copy themselves and travel to other programs/files to spread, while worms are self-contained programs that can spread functional copies of themselves across networks. Trojans masquerade as useful software but cause damage once installed. Examples of recent major viruses, worms, and Trojans throughout history are also outlined, along with their harmful effects and methods of detection and prevention. The key differences between viruses, worms, and Trojans are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, Trojans, and DDoS attacks. It defines viruses as self-replicating programs that attach themselves to other programs to spread. Viruses have three parts - an infection mechanism, trigger, and payload. The document outlines the life cycle of viruses and categorizes them based on their target (e.g. boot sector, files) and concealment strategy (e.g. encrypted, stealth). Examples of risky file types are also provided.
Antivirus software detects viruses using several techniques:
1. Signature scanning compares files to known virus signatures in a database.
2. Heuristic scanning examines code for virus-like behavior even without a signature.
3. Integrity checking compares a file's hash to its original uninfected hash.
4. Behavior monitoring flags suspicious activities like reformatting disks.
5. Resident scanning actively scans files on access to prevent infection spread.
This document appears to be a PowerPoint presentation about antivirus software. It defines antivirus software as programs that detect, prevent, and remove malicious software like viruses and worms. It then discusses the history of antivirus software and internet security threats. The presentation goes on to describe different types of antivirus software like firewalls, network layer firewalls, and application layer firewalls. It also lists and describes some popular antivirus programs like Avast, Panda, and McAfee. Finally, it discusses advantages of using antivirus software like protecting personal data and information.
Malicious Software Presentation made by Minhal Abbas and Muhammad Zain.(CASE UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.)
OUTLINE
Malware , origin , Latest Threads , Virus , Worms , Trojan Horse and how to be secure.
Office 16 Powerpoint WIdescreen
Malwares are software designed to infiltrate computers without the user's consent. They include viruses, worms, trojan horses, and more. Viruses can copy themselves and spread to other computers by exploiting network services or removable drives like USBs. Worms spread over networks without needing to be on files or disks like viruses do. Users should exercise caution when opening files from external drives since malwares sometimes spread by exploiting the autorun function.
Beginner level presentation on Malware Identification as part of the Malware Reverse Engineering course. Learn what malware is, how it functions, how it can be detected, identified and isolated for reverse engineering. For more information about malware detection and removal visit https://www.intertel.co.za
This report describes Remote File Inclusion (RFI) – an attack that usually flies under the radar. Although RFI attacks have the potential to cause as much damage as the more popular SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, they are not widely discussed. Imperva’s Hacker Intelligence Initiative (HII) has documented examples of automated attack campaigns launched in the wild. This report pinpoints common traits and techniques as well as the role blacklisting can play in mitigation.
This document discusses malware analysis. It covers types of malware like viruses, worms, and trojans. It describes how malware can infect hosts by overwriting, prepending, appending, or using packers. Methods of malware detection like signatures, heuristics, checksums, and sandboxes are presented. The goals, types, and tools of malware analysis are outlined along with simulation steps and conclusions.
Malware Detection By Machine Learning Presentation.pptxalishapatidar2021
This document presents information on malware detection using machine learning. It defines malware and describes common types like viruses, adware, ransomware, rootkits, and spyware. It also outlines malware detection methods and symptoms. Machine learning algorithms like decision trees, SVM, random forest, and XGBoost are proposed for detection. Existing systems apply techniques like malware behavior analysis, classification, and neural networks. The document concludes machine learning can accurately detect malware and help overcome drawbacks of previous systems.
Malicious Software,Terminology of malicious programme,Malicious programs,Nature of Viruses,Virus Operation-four phases or life cycle of virus,Virus Structure,Types of Viruses,Anti-Virus Software
This document summarizes various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, trojan horses, logic bombs, and backdoors. It describes how viruses and worms operate by having dormant, propagation, and triggering phases. Viruses can attach to files or reside in memory. Worms replicate over networks to infect other systems. The document also discusses countermeasures like antivirus software, digital immune systems, and efforts to prevent, detect, and trace distributed denial of service attacks.
Malicious software, also known as malware, refers to programs that are intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. There are several types of malware including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and spyware. Viruses attach themselves to other programs and replicate when the host program is executed, while worms can replicate independently and propagate across networks. Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate programs to trick users into installing them. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks aim to make networked services unavailable by flooding them with traffic from compromised systems.
malware, types of malware, virus, trojans, worm, rootkit, ransomware, malware protection, malware protection laws India, how malware works, history of malware
A short presentation on the basics of Malicious Software and Viruses and methods to detect, prevent and remove them and to spread awareness of this growing issue.
The document provides an overview of malicious software including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines viruses as self-replicating code that attaches itself to other programs and executes when the host program runs. Worms are independent programs that replicate themselves across networks to infect other computers. The document also describes other types of malicious software like backdoors, logic bombs, and Trojan horses, and explains how DDoS attacks are constructed to overwhelm servers.
This document discusses viruses and antivirus software. It defines a computer virus as a program that can infect other programs. It then discusses various sources of viruses, types of viruses, and what antivirus software is. The document outlines two main methods that antivirus uses to identify viruses: signature-based detection, which compares files to known virus signatures; and heuristic-based detection, which uses general patterns to detect unknown viruses. It provides details on how each method works and their respective advantages and limitations.
This document discusses malware forensics. It defines malware as malicious software programs and describes what malware can do. The document outlines different types of malware and explains how malware analysis has become a forensic discipline. It describes malware forensics as investigating malware properties to identify culprits and reasons for attacks. This includes analyzing malicious code, entry points, propagation methods, and system impacts. The document contrasts static and dynamic malware analysis approaches.
What is malware? How can I protect myself against malware on my computer? Helpful tips and information about computer Viruses, Worms, Trojans, Ransomware, Scareware, Spyware, Adware and Phishing mails.
This document discusses various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, and malware. It provides definitions and examples of different viruses and worms, how they spread and replicate on systems. It also summarizes approaches for detecting, identifying and removing viruses and worms, as well as proactive containment strategies for worms.
This document defines and describes various types of malicious software (malware) such as viruses, worms, trojans, and rootkits. It explains that malware can harm computer systems and takes various forms. The document then describes key characteristics of different types of viruses like parasitic viruses, memory resident viruses, boot sector viruses, stealth viruses, polymorphic viruses, and metamorphic viruses. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of using antivirus software to protect systems from malware like viruses and worms.
This document discusses anti-virus software. It begins with an introduction to anti-virus software and what it is used for. Then it discusses the history of anti-virus software and how it originated in response to early computer viruses and malware. It also covers different types of anti-virus software like firewalls, network layer firewalls, proxy servers, and application layer firewalls. It describes how anti-virus software works to identify, prevent and remove malware like viruses, adware, and spyware. Common types of anti-virus detection methods are also summarized such as signature-based detection, heuristics, rootkit detection, and real-time protection.
This document provides information about viruses, worms, and Trojans, including their definitions, histories, and how to prevent attacks. Viruses copy themselves and travel to other programs/files to spread, while worms are self-contained programs that can spread functional copies of themselves across networks. Trojans masquerade as useful software but cause damage once installed. Examples of recent major viruses, worms, and Trojans throughout history are also outlined, along with their harmful effects and methods of detection and prevention. The key differences between viruses, worms, and Trojans are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of malicious software including viruses, worms, Trojans, and DDoS attacks. It defines viruses as self-replicating programs that attach themselves to other programs to spread. Viruses have three parts - an infection mechanism, trigger, and payload. The document outlines the life cycle of viruses and categorizes them based on their target (e.g. boot sector, files) and concealment strategy (e.g. encrypted, stealth). Examples of risky file types are also provided.
Antivirus software detects viruses using several techniques:
1. Signature scanning compares files to known virus signatures in a database.
2. Heuristic scanning examines code for virus-like behavior even without a signature.
3. Integrity checking compares a file's hash to its original uninfected hash.
4. Behavior monitoring flags suspicious activities like reformatting disks.
5. Resident scanning actively scans files on access to prevent infection spread.
This document appears to be a PowerPoint presentation about antivirus software. It defines antivirus software as programs that detect, prevent, and remove malicious software like viruses and worms. It then discusses the history of antivirus software and internet security threats. The presentation goes on to describe different types of antivirus software like firewalls, network layer firewalls, and application layer firewalls. It also lists and describes some popular antivirus programs like Avast, Panda, and McAfee. Finally, it discusses advantages of using antivirus software like protecting personal data and information.
Malicious Software Presentation made by Minhal Abbas and Muhammad Zain.(CASE UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.)
OUTLINE
Malware , origin , Latest Threads , Virus , Worms , Trojan Horse and how to be secure.
Office 16 Powerpoint WIdescreen
Malwares are software designed to infiltrate computers without the user's consent. They include viruses, worms, trojan horses, and more. Viruses can copy themselves and spread to other computers by exploiting network services or removable drives like USBs. Worms spread over networks without needing to be on files or disks like viruses do. Users should exercise caution when opening files from external drives since malwares sometimes spread by exploiting the autorun function.
Beginner level presentation on Malware Identification as part of the Malware Reverse Engineering course. Learn what malware is, how it functions, how it can be detected, identified and isolated for reverse engineering. For more information about malware detection and removal visit https://www.intertel.co.za
This report describes Remote File Inclusion (RFI) – an attack that usually flies under the radar. Although RFI attacks have the potential to cause as much damage as the more popular SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, they are not widely discussed. Imperva’s Hacker Intelligence Initiative (HII) has documented examples of automated attack campaigns launched in the wild. This report pinpoints common traits and techniques as well as the role blacklisting can play in mitigation.
This document discusses malware analysis. It covers types of malware like viruses, worms, and trojans. It describes how malware can infect hosts by overwriting, prepending, appending, or using packers. Methods of malware detection like signatures, heuristics, checksums, and sandboxes are presented. The goals, types, and tools of malware analysis are outlined along with simulation steps and conclusions.
Malware Detection By Machine Learning Presentation.pptxalishapatidar2021
This document presents information on malware detection using machine learning. It defines malware and describes common types like viruses, adware, ransomware, rootkits, and spyware. It also outlines malware detection methods and symptoms. Machine learning algorithms like decision trees, SVM, random forest, and XGBoost are proposed for detection. Existing systems apply techniques like malware behavior analysis, classification, and neural networks. The document concludes machine learning can accurately detect malware and help overcome drawbacks of previous systems.
Ethical Hacking n VAPT presentation by Suvrat jainSuvrat Jain
a perfect example of your 6 weeks summer training ppt. Course-Ethical Hacking , its info and VAPT- Vulnerability Assessment n Penetration testing. about how vulnerability scanning , tools used , cracking password , etc.
This lecture includes introduction to computers security and privacy. This lecture include basic concepts of terminologies and technologies involve in current securities and privacy needs.
This document discusses computer and internet security. It begins by defining malware and listing common types like viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, scareware, and ransomware. It then describes how worms, viruses, spyware, and Trojan horses operate and their purposes. The document further discusses hackers and crackers, firewalls, reasons for writing malware, and ways to protect computers from malware like using antivirus software, firewalls, and updating operating systems. It concludes with references used to create the presentation.
Unauthorized access to computer systems and networks can occur through various means such as hacking tools, social engineering, or exploiting system vulnerabilities. Network scanning tools can be used for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes to identify active systems and open ports. Various attacks exist such as man-in-the-middle, ARP poisoning, and wireless network hacking. Protecting against unauthorized access requires monitoring for anomalies, using tools like firewalls, regularly backing up data, and educating users.
This document discusses various threats to information security. It defines information and information security. It explains that information security involves protecting information systems from physical, personal, operational, communications, and network security threats. The main threats discussed are inadvertent acts, deliberate acts, natural disasters, technical failures, management failure, malware like viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware, and hacking and cracking. It provides examples and definitions for each type of threat.
Computer viruses, worms, and other threats can damage systems. Viruses are programs that attach themselves to other programs and replicate. There are several types of viruses including boot sector, TSR, macro, and polymorphic viruses. Worms replicate independently across networks. Trojans also carry payloads but don't replicate. Antivirus software uses signatures to detect threats but also monitors for unusual activity. Maintaining strong passwords, firewalls, and updating systems help prevent infection.
CH1- Introduction to malware analysis-v2.pdfWajdiElhamzi3
This document outlines a course on advanced malware reverse engineering. It begins with an introduction to malware types like viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware. It then covers basic analysis techniques like viewing malware behavior and signatures. More advanced topics include static analysis using disassembly and dynamic analysis using debuggers. The goals of analysis are understanding malware functionality and enabling incident response. Analysis requires both static and dynamic methods to fully comprehend advanced threats.
This document discusses computer security risks and safeguards. It describes various types of cybercriminals like hackers, crackers, and corporate spies. It also outlines different internet and network attacks such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. Finally, it provides tips to prevent unauthorized access through techniques like installing antivirus software, updating definitions, and inoculating program files. The overall document aims to define computer security risks and describe methods to protect against internet attacks, unauthorized access, and information theft.
Computer infections and protections(final)allisterm
This document discusses computer infections like viruses, worms, and trojans. It describes viruses as programs that can copy themselves and infect other computers. Worms search for and implant code onto other systems through networks. Trojans appear harmless but later present malicious functions. The document also outlines protections like antivirus software, firewalls, and user education recommendations.
Pentesting Tools to Find Bugs Before Hackers | CyberPro Magazinecyberprosocial
According to the latest updates, the annual cost of cybercrime globally is expected to reach $10.5 trillion by 2025. You can imagine how much danger your system is in. But, need not worry your system is safe! Pentesting tools are there for you.
This document provides an overview of malware analysis. It discusses the goals of malware analysis as determining what happened on a network and ensuring all infected files are found. It also describes static and dynamic analysis techniques, from basic approaches like examining file contents up to advanced methods like reverse engineering code. The document outlines common types of malware like backdoors, botnets, and information stealing malware. Finally, it provides some general rules for malware analysis like focusing on key features and using different analysis approaches when getting stuck.
This document discusses various types of program and system threats including Trojan horses, trapdoors, buffer overflows, worms, viruses, and denial of service attacks. A Trojan horse masquerades as legitimate software to gain unauthorized access. Trapdoors are secret vulnerabilities built into programs by designers. Buffer overflows occur when more data is input than a program expects, potentially allowing code execution. Worms self-replicate to spread while viruses require host files or human action. Examples like the Morris worm and Love Bug virus are provided. Protection involves antivirus software and safe computing practices. The key differences between worms and viruses are also outlined.
Computer , Internet and physical security.Ankur Kumar
It refers to protection of a computer and the information stored in it, from the unauthorised users.
Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks.
This document defines and explains essential security terminologies. It discusses key concepts like assets, access, attacks, controls, exploits, risks, threats, vulnerabilities, and more. It also covers specific types of malware and attacks, such as adware, denial-of-service attacks, botnets, encryption, firewalls, viruses, worms, spyware, ransomware, spam, zero-day vulnerabilities, phishing and others. The document is intended to provide an overview of common security terms and their meanings.
Unauthorized access to computer systems can occur through hacking, cracking, or malicious software. Malicious software includes viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware that can damage systems and corrupt or delete user data without permission. It is important for users and system administrators to implement security mechanisms and use antivirus software to protect against unauthorized access and malicious programs that threaten important user data and system stability.
Here in this slide i describe the BASIC ... For the Beginners...some general idea & topics i have covered here...My next slide can give more information about hacking... this is the general & only for the beginners.Hope my slide help you to get the thing you want for.
CEDA
Agenda
Ahmed Hamed, Hussein Abd Elrahman, and Rizk Tawfik
Ain Shams University - Faculty of Engineering
2826-Apr-18
- The Cross-layer Energy-Delay Aware (CEDA) protocol aims to optimize energy consumption and end-to-end delay in WSNs.
- It allows interaction between the network layer, MAC layer, and physical layer to share information that can help optimize the protocol's objectives.
- For example, the physical layer shares link quality and energy level information with the MAC layer to help in channel allocation. The network layer considers this along with routing to minimize delay.
- Simulation
The document discusses service level agreements (SLAs) between network service providers and customers. It covers the motivation for SLAs, defining service level parameters and objectives, developing the SLA, and ongoing management to meet the SLA. Key points include identifying meaningful, measurable parameters; setting realistic objectives; monitoring performance; and outlining consequences for not meeting objectives like restoring service or financial penalties. The goal is an agreed understanding between parties on expected network service levels.
The document discusses energy harvesting for sensor nodes. It describes various energy harvesting architectures and technologies that can power sensor nodes, such as solar, piezoelectric, wind, and radio frequency. It provides examples of sensor node implementations that use different energy storage solutions like batteries, supercapacitors, and tiered storage. The document also discusses implications for sensor network design, including performance adaptation techniques at the node and network levels to enable energy neutral operation of harvesting-powered sensor networks.
This document presents an experimental study that compares the performance of ensemble classifiers and single classifiers on four breast cancer datasets using three open source data mining tools: KNIME, ORANGE, and TANAGRA. The study finds that using ensemble classifiers techniques improved the accuracy on three of the four datasets. It also finds that some open source tools performed better than others when using ensemble techniques, with analysis showing that the type of dataset and how classifiers are applied within each tool can impact results. Previous related work comparing classification techniques on breast cancer datasets is also discussed.
Robust Breast Cancer Diagnosis on Four Different Datasets Using Multi-Classif...ahmad abdelhafeez
The goal of this paper is to compare between different classifiers or multi-classifiers fusion with respect to accuracy in discovering breast cancer for four different data sets. We present an implementation among various classification techniques which represent the most known algorithms in this field on four different datasets of breast cancer two for diagnosis and two for prognosis. We present a fusion between classifiers to get the best multi-classifier fusion approach to each data set individually. By using confusion matrix to get classification accuracy which built in 10-fold cross validation technique. Also, using fusion majority voting (the mode of the classifier output). The experimental results show that no classification technique is better than the other if used for all datasets, since the classification task is affected by the type of dataset. By using multi-classifiers fusion the results show that accuracy improved in three datasets out of four.
Robust Breast Cancer Diagnosis on Four Different Datasets Using Multi-Classif...ahmad abdelhafeez
Abstract- The goal of this paper is to compare between different classifiers or multi-classifiers fusion with respect to accuracy in discovering breast cancer for four different data sets. We present an implementation among various classification techniques which represent the most known algorithms in this field on four different datasets of breast cancer two for diagnosis and two for prognosis. We present a fusion between classifiers to get the best multi-classifier fusion approach to each data set individually. By using confusion matrix to get classification accuracy which built in 10-fold cross validation technique. Also, using fusion majority voting (the mode of the classifier output). The experimental results show that no classification technique is better than the other if used for all datasets, since the classification task is affected by the type of dataset. By using multi-classifiers fusion the results show that accuracy improved in three datasets out of four.
The document discusses energy conservation techniques in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and identifies power consumption as a major challenge. It then outlines the typical architecture of a wireless sensor node and examines the power breakdown across different components. The document proceeds to discuss basic approaches to energy conservation, including duty cycling, data-driven, and mobility-based techniques. It also mentions future work in integrating different approaches into a single solution and addresses questions.
The document discusses localization techniques in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It begins with an introduction to WSNs and why GPS is not suitable for localization in these networks. It then covers taxonomy of localization methods, including target/source localization, node self-localization techniques like range-based and range-free methods. Specific techniques discussed include DV-Hop, pattern matching localization, and classifications like centralized vs distributed localization. The summary restates key points about distance estimation methods, single/multiple localization, and classifications of localization approaches.
This document discusses routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to routing challenges in WSNs such as limited energy, processing, and storage in sensor nodes. It then covers different routing techniques including flat routing protocols like SPIN, directed diffusion, and rumor routing. Hierarchical routing protocols discussed include LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN, and APTEEN. Finally, it briefly mentions location-based routing and the GEAR protocol.
This document discusses security issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It notes that WSNs require a high level of security due to operating in hostile environments, but their limited resources pose a challenge. It outlines various WSN security requirements and categorizes common attacks based on the attacker's capabilities and the protocol stack layer targeted. Finally, it acknowledges that while some challenges have been addressed, many open problems remain due to conflicts between security, survivability, and resource constraints in WSNs.
This document discusses trusted systems and the concept of a Trojan horse. It defines trusted systems as systems used to enhance security defenses against intruders and malware. It describes multilevel security as allowing multiple data classification levels, with mandatory access control enforcing that information does not flow to unauthorized users. The document also discusses how Trojan horses can provide unauthorized remote access if installed on a user's computer.
The document provides an overview of OPNET Modeler, a network simulation tool. It describes OPNET Modeler's architecture, which includes tools for model specification, data collection and simulation, and analysis. It also discusses how to locate models and components using the model library and its organization. The goal is to help users understand what problems can be solved with OPNET Modeler and how to get started using it.
This document discusses security issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It notes that WSNs require a high level of security due to operating in hostile environments, but their limited resources pose a challenge. It outlines various WSN security requirements and categorizes common attacks based on the attacker's capabilities and the protocol stack layer targeted. Finally, it acknowledges that while some challenges have been addressed, many open problems remain due to conflicts between security, survivability, and resource constraints in WSNs.
This document discusses SDN security. It outlines how SDN allows for centralized control of network flows and security policies. However, the centralized nature of SDN also introduces new threats, such as attacks on controllers or switches. Potential threats are discussed, such as DoS attacks, traffic manipulation, or vulnerabilities in controllers/applications. Mitigation techniques are proposed, such as monitoring for abnormal behavior, access control, and replication of controllers. Future work may focus on improving the security and dependability of SDN through techniques like dynamic switch association and diversity.
The document discusses intrusion prevention and intrusion detection systems. It defines intrusion as unauthorized access aimed at compromising network security assets. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) monitor network traffic to detect intrusions, while intrusion prevention systems (IPS) can also block attacks in real-time. An IPS provides increased visibility beyond a firewall by using techniques like signature detection, anomaly detection, and protocol analysis to identify intrusions and threats. The document outlines challenges faced by IPS like evasion techniques, and discusses next-generation IPS features like intelligent correlation, anomaly detection, and using global threat intelligence.
Digital forensics is the application of science to solve legal problems involving digital evidence. It has emerged since the 1980s as computer crimes have grown. There are challenges to reliability such as standards, controls, and new technologies like cloud and solid state drives. Case studies demonstrate how digital evidence can solve old cases, as with the BTK killer through metadata on a word document. The field faces ongoing challenges but continued research supports its validity in courts of law.
Digital forensics is the science of recovering and investigating digital evidence from devices related to computer crimes such as fraud, hacking, and intellectual property theft. It involves acquiring data from devices without alteration, preserving the original state, identifying relevant information through tools, evaluating what can be used as evidence, and presenting findings in an understandable way. Challenges include ensuring authenticity, preventing data damage, and meeting legal standards for evidence admissibility in court. Forensic experts use various software and hardware tools at each step of the process.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It begins with an introduction and defines cloud computing, discussing its history and key attributes. It then covers the different cloud models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The document also discusses cloud security and privacy concerns, outlining various security threats and solutions. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of cloud computing and its future.
The document discusses incident handling and provides details about each step of the incident handling life cycle. It begins with an introduction on the importance of incident handling plans. It then defines what constitutes an incident and provides examples of different incident types and categories. The document outlines the key steps in the incident handling life cycle as preparation, identification, detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, and follow up. For each step, it provides details on goals, definitions, and best practices.
Penetration testing presentation given to Dr. Ashraf Tamam by Mohamed Abd El-Azeem, Ahmed Yousef Eissa, and Ahmed Alaa El-Din. The presentation covered penetration testing and was delivered to the named professor and students.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
1. Malware Analysis
Network Security
1AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
Supervised by
Dr . Ashraf Tammam
Presented by:
• Ahmed Abd Elhafeez
• Ahmed Elbohy
• Moataz Ahmed
3/1/2015
2. Agenda
2AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
• Introduction to Malware
• What is a Malware ?
• Types of Malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• Malware Analysis
• Goals of Malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• Refrences
3/1/2015
3. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware ?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them
• Malware Analysis
• Goals of Malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 33/1/2015
4. Introduction
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 4
Mission Statement
The purpose of this presentation
is to give someone new to
reverse engineering malware
(REM) a place to start.
At the end you should be familiar
with the basic hardware, tools
and Concepts needed to learn
how begin to do REM.
3/1/2015
5. “But What Might Go Wrong If we Were To
Begin To Try to Analyze Malware?”
• You might get attacked by unhappy malware authors/users
• Your system could get infected, and that might result in:
-- Your system being used to spam people
-- Your personally identifiable information getting stolen
-- Your system getting used to distribute malware;
pirated software, movies, music; child pornography; etc.
-- Your system getting used as a stepping stone from
which to attack government systems or critical
infrastructure.
• You might even end up being arrested.
53/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
6. • Introduction to Malware
• What is a Malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them
• Malware Analysis
• Goals of Malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 63/1/2015
7. What is a Malware ?
• Malware is a set of instructions that run on
your computer and make your system do
something that an attacker wants it to do.
• Programming code that is capable of causing
harm to availability , integrity of code or data,
or confidentiality in a computing system
encompasses Trojan horses, viruses, worms,
and trapdoors.
7AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
8. What Exactly is “Malware”?
One possible definition:
Malware is a software you don’t want.
8
• Steal personal information
• Delete files
• Steal software serial numbers
• Use your computer as relay
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
10. • Introduction to Malware
• What is a Malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them
• Malware Analysis
• Goals of Malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 103/1/2015
13. Types of Malware
• viruses :a computer program that is usually
hidden within another seemingly innocuous
program and that produces copies of itself
and inserts them into other programs and
usually performs a malicious action
– Polymorphic : uses a polymorphic engine to
mutate while keeping the original algorithm
intact (packer)
– Methamorphic : Change after each infection
13AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
14. Types of Malware
• Backdoor : Bypasses normal security controls
to give an attacker unauthorized access.
• Botnet : All infected computers receive
instructions from the same Command-and-
Control (C&C) server
• Downloader :Malicious code that exists only
to download other malicious code
– Used when attacker first gains access
14AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
15. Types of Malware
• Scareware
– Frightens user into buying something
15AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
16. Types of Malware
• Spam-sending malware
– Attacker rents machine to spammers
• Worms :a usually small self-contained and self-
replicating computer program that invades
computers on a network and usually performs a
destructive action
16AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
17. Types of Malware
• Trojans Horse :a seemingly useful computer
program that contains concealed instructions
which when activated perform an illicit or
malicious action
17AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
18. Types of Malware
• Sniffers : an application used to monitor and analyze
network traffic.
• Spyware :software that is installed on a computer
without the user's knowledge and transmits
information about the user's computer activities over
the Internet
18AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
19. Types of Malware
19AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
Adware : software installed that provides advertisers
with information about the users browsing habits, thus
allowing the advertiser to provide targeted ads
3/1/2015
20. Types of Malware
• from pandalab blog
20AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
• E-Mail Generators. An e-mail generating program can be
used to create and send large quantities of e-mail, such
as malware, spyware, and spam, to other systems
without the user’s permission or knowledge
3/1/2015
21. Types of Malware
Ransomware
To unlock you need to send an SMS with the text4121800286to the
number3649Enter the resulting code:Any attempt to reinstall the
system may lead to loss of important information and computer
damage
from pandalab blog
21AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
22. Types of Malware
• Keystroke Loggers. A keystroke logger monitors and
records keyboard use
– Some require the attacker to retrieve the data
from the system
– Actively transfer the data to another system
through e-mail, file transfer, or other means
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 223/1/2015
23. Types of Malware
• Web Browser Plug-Ins A Web browser plug-in
provides a way for certain types of content to be
displayed or executed through a Web browser
– E.g., Malicious Web browser plug-ins that act as
spyware and monitor use of the browser
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 233/1/2015
24. • Mass malware
– Intended to infect as many machines as possible
– Most common type
• Targeted malware
– Tailored to a specific target
– Very difficult to detect, prevent, and remove
– Requires advanced analysis
– Ex: Stuxnet
24AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
Types of Malware
3/1/2015
25. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them
• Malware Analysis
• Goals OF Malware Analysis
• Types OF Malware Analysis
• Tools For Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 253/1/2015
26. What to Infect
• Executable
• Interpreted file
• Kernel
• Service
• MBR (Master Boot Record)
26AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
32. Packers
Malware
Infected host
Executable
Packer
Payload
32AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam
Packers are software programs that compress and encrypt other
executable files in a disk and restore the original executable images when
the packed files are loaded into memories.
3/1/2015
34. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• Malware Analysis
• Goals OF Malware Analysis
• Types OF Malware Analysis
• Tools FOR Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• REFRENCES
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 343/1/2015
35. It is not possible to build a perfect
virus/malware detector (Cohen)
35AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
36. Anti-virus
• Analyze system behavior
• Analyze binary to decide if it a virus
• Type :
– Scanner
– Real time monitor
36AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
37. Anti-virus -Virus signature
• Find a string that can identify the virus
• Fingerprint like
37AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
38. Anti-virus-Heuristics
• Analyze program behavior
Network access
File open
Attempt to delete file
Attempt to modify the boot sector
38AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
39. Anti-virus -Checksum
• A checksum is a value used to verify the
integrity of a file or a data transfer. In other
words, it is a sum that checks the validity of
data. Checksums are typically used to compare
two sets of data to make sure they are the
same.
• Compute a checksum for
– Good binary
– Configuration file
• Detect change by comparing checksum
39AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
40. Anti-virus -Dealing with Packer
• Launch the exe
• Wait until it is unpack
• Dump the memory
40AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
41. Sandbox analysis
• Provides file system, registry keys, and network
traffic monitoring in controlled environment and
produces a well formed report
• Using a sandbox is more efficient and sometimes
more effective
• Running the executable in a VM
• Observe it
– File activity
– Network
– Memory
41AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
42. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• Malware Analysis
• Goals of Malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• REFRENCES
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 423/1/2015
43. Challenges in Malware analysis
• Zero day attack prevention
• Data analytic methods work like a black box
• Abstraction of Infection and Propagation
models
• Computational Cost
• Generic Disinfection
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 433/1/2015
44. Malware Analysis
• Dissecting malware to understand
– How it works
– How to identify it
– How to defeat or eliminate it
• A critical part of incident response
44AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
45. Incident Response
• After malware is found, you need to know
– Did an attacker implant a rootkit or trojan on your
systems?
– Is the attacker really gone?
– What did the attacker steal or add?
– How did the attack get in
• Root-cause analysis
45AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
46. Three Areas
1- Visual Analysis: What you can deduce just by looking at the
file, its strings , size, where it came from etc.
2- Behavioral Analysis : How the malware behaves when
executed , who it talks to, what gets installed, how it runs, etc.
3-Code Analysis: The actual viewing of the code and walking
through it to get a better understanding of the malware and
what it's doing.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 463/1/2015
47. Analyzing the Threat
• Capture Malware from attackers
– Determine how they are getting in.
– Who are they targeting
• Run Malware in an isolated environment
– What does the malware do?
• Analyze the binary itself
– Some malware can detect isolated environments
or has hidden code.
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 47
48. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• malware Analysis
• Goals of malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 483/1/2015
49. Goals of Malware Analysis
• The goal of malware analysis is to gain an understanding
of how a specific piece of malware functions
• so that defenses can be built to protect an organization’s
network.
• There are two key questions that must be answered.
– The first: how did this machine become infected with this
piece of malware?
– The second: what exactly does this malware do?
• After determining the specific type of malware, you will
have to determine which question is more critical to
your situation.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 493/1/2015
50. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• malware Analysis
• Goals of malware Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis
• Tools for Malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• REFRENCES
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 503/1/2015
51. TYPES OF Malware Analysis
• Code(static) Analysis :the actual viewing of
code and walking through it to get a better
understanding of the malware and what it is
doing
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 513/1/2015
52. Static Analysis techniques
• Scanning with anti-virus software
• File Signatures
• Hashes
• Performing A file’s strings, functions, and
headers search
• Portable Executable (PE) Headers + Resources
• Unpacking the malware
• Disassembling the malware like IDA Pro.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 523/1/2015
53. Signatures
• Host-based signatures
– Identify files or registry keys on a victim computer
that indicate an infection
– Focus on what the malware did to the system
• Network signatures
– Detect malware by analyzing network traffic
– More effective when made using malware analysis
53AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
54. • FILE SIGNATURE
– Leveraging on the analysis of others
– Anti-Viruses have their own analysis of Malware,
based on
• Signature
• Heuristics
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 543/1/2015
Signatures
55. Hashes
• A fingerprint for malware
• MD5 or SHA-1
• Condenses a file of any size down to a fixed-
length fingerprint
55AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
57. Hash Uses
• Label a malware file
• Share the hash with other analysts to identify
malware
• Search the hash online to see if someone else
has already identified the file
57AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
58. Strings
• Any sequence of printable characters is a
string
• Strings are terminated by a null (0x00)
• ASCII characters are 8 bits long
– Now called ANSI
• Unicode characters are 16 bits long
– Microsoft calls them "wide characters"
58AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam3/1/2015
59. STRINGS
• Strings are identified by a NULL terminating
• Character
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 593/1/2015
61. TYPES OF Malware Analysis
• Behavioral (Dynamic) Analysis :is how the
malware behaves when executed, who it talks
to, what gets installed, and how it runs
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 613/1/2015
63. Dynamic Analysis
• Sometimes malware is sophisticated enough
to detect that it is sandboxed or running in a
limited environment
• The good news: We have the machine code.
• The bad news: All we have is the machine
code.
• We can then reverse engineer….
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 63
64. Reverse Engineering
• Reverse engineering is always possible since
the machine code is present in the malware
sample.
• This requires expert knowledge in assembly.
• Only worthwhile if you are looking for odd
behavior as it is slow and tedious work.
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 64
65. Reversing malware
• Set up a Virtual Environment.
• Get the necessary tools ready.
• Snapshot is your best friend.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 653/1/2015
66. Simple Reverse Engineering Tools in Linux
• Objdump is a free open source linux
disassembler.
– Outputs assembly code
– Useful to find strings in the binary
• GDB the standard debugger for linux can
debug without source file information.
• Strace intercepts all system calls and
notifications and prints them out for a running
process.
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 66
67. Reverse Engineering on Windows
• Ida Pro is an interactive debugger which
allows code to be disassembled and run at the
same time
– Breaks down the code into machine instructions
– Interactively reverse engineers to C code
– Allows interactive renaming of functions and
variables as their function is discovered
– Extremely useful
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 67
68. Dynamic Analysis techniques
• Network traffic analysis
• File system, and other Windows
features(services, processes, etc.)..
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 683/1/2015
69. Dynamic Analysis techniques
• Carefully let malware run on a (nearly) fully
functional system.
• Virtual machines are often useful
– Take a clean snapshot
– Run the malware
– Observe results
– Restore the clean snapshot
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 69
70. Dynamic Analysis techniques
• SysInternals Process Monitor allows complete
monitoring of API calls.
– Also has a special boot monitor to track all
changes upon a reboot
• Regshot takes a before and after snapshot of
the registry to find changes.
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 70
71. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• malware Analysis
• Goals OF malware Analysis
• Types OF malware Analysis
• Tools For malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 713/1/2015
72. Tools For malware analysis
• It is critical to identify various tools that can
be used to perform malware analysis.
• This is not a comprehensive list of tools that
one must use
• We will mention some critical tools not all of
them.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 723/1/2015
73. List of tools
• Strings
• PEView
• Dependency Walker
• Resource Hacker
• Procmon
• Procexp
• Regshot
• Capture
• Wire shark
• Netcat/Fakenet
• FakeDNS/ApateDNS
• PEID
• UPX
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 733/1/2015
74. Needed terminology
• Reverse Code Engineering: the process of
disassembling software to reveal how the
software functions.
• Disassemblers: programs that take a programs
executable binary as input and generate
textual files that contain the assembly
language code for the entire program or parts
of it.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 743/1/2015
75. Needed terminology
• Debuggers :programs that allows software
developers to observer their program while
running it.
• Decompiler :a program that take an
executable binary file and attempts to
produce readable high-level language code
from it.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 753/1/2015
76. Tools For malware analysis
• Using physical hardware or virtual machines
(VM).
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 763/1/2015
77. Setting up test environment
• Computer Requirements:
• At least 1GB of memory
• A large hard drive: Allows you to keep images
on the hard drive
• Good Processor – Faster is better
• NIC card
• CDROM/DVD burner
• Any Operating System
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 773/1/2015
78. Setting up test environment
• VMware workstation: Run and network multiple
OSes on one platform
• Storage media: For transferring malware and
storing unused OS images
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 783/1/2015
79. Setting up test environment
• Internet Connectivity: Optional, but occasionally
you might need it.
• Collection of OSes:
• You will need different operating systems for your
testing
• Base Image with no Patches
• Base Image fully Patched
• Configure as host-only or a network
• Store on hard drive and/or burn to CD
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 793/1/2015
80. Tools For malware analysis
• Process Explorer : small application that find
out what files, registry keys and other objects
have open, which DLL’s they have loaded
• Process Monitor : small application used to
monitor file system, registry , process, thread
and DLL activity in real-time.
• PSfile : application that shows a list of files on
a system that are opened remotely.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 803/1/2015
81. Tools For malware analysis
• Rootkit Revealer :application that scans
system for known rootkit-based malware.
• Strings : application that searches for ANSI
and UNICODE strings in binary images.
• TCPView : application providing information
about TCP and UDP connections , including
the local and remote address and TCP
connection state.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 813/1/2015
82. Tools For malware analysis
• Windump :Windows version of the powerful
and flexible tcpdump sniffer.
• Fport :Identifies unknown ports and their
associate applications.
• Hfind (Part of the Forensic Toolkit) :application
that will scan for the disk for hidden files.
• BgInfo : small application providing import
system information such as hostname, IP
address, OS version, etc.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 823/1/2015
83. Tools For malware analysis
• Vision : reports all open TCP and UDP ports and maps
them to the owning process or application.
• Filewatch :a file change monitor.
• Attacker :a TCP/UDP port listener.
• MD5sums : Generates signature or hashes for file
integrity verification.
– Before you launch the malware to have a baseline for
comparison against other files the malware may create
• Winalysis : monitors for changes to files, the registry,
users, groups, security policies, services, shares,
scheduled jobs, the system environment and more.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 833/1/2015
84. Tools For malware analysis
• WinHex : Hex editor, you may choose any hex
editor that you like.
• IDA Pro : popular interactive, programmable,
extendible, multi-processor debugger and
disassembler.
• Reverse Engineering Compiler : popular
decompiler.
• ProcDump 32 :unpacker application.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 843/1/2015
85. Tools For malware analysis
• PE Explorer : provides tools for disassembly
and inspection of unknown binaries.
• Windbg : windows debugging applications.
• Livekd : application that allows Windbg
debugger to run locally on a live system.
• Debugview : an application that monitors
debug output on your local or a remote
system.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 853/1/2015
86. Tools For malware analysis
• OllyDbg: 32-bit assembler level analysis
debugger for Microsoft Windows to work with
the malware for tasks such as viewing the
code and stepping through it.
• RegShot: Tool that tells you what has changed
on your system Before and after you launch
your malware
• Netcat: “Swiss army knife” for networks.
When you need something to connect to
or attempt a connection from
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 863/1/2015
87. Tools For malware analysis
• upx: Packer used a lot of compress and
obfuscate code to uncompressed the code
before analysis
• WinRAR: Tool to compress large file(s) into
one smaller file for safely transfer malware or
information collect to keep things organized.
Industry standard password is ‘infected’
• Ethereal: A protocol analyzer (aka: sniffer)
– When launching the malware and while doing
analysis.
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 873/1/2015
88. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• malware Analysis
• Goals of malware Analysis
• Types Of malware Analysis
• Tools For malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 883/1/2015
89. Malware analysis main steps
• Step1: Allocate physical or virtual systems for
the analysis lab
• Step 2: Isolate laboratory systems from the
production environment
• Step 3: Install behavioral analysis tools
• Step 4: Install code-analysis tools
• Step 5: Utilize online analysis tools
• Next Steps
89
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
90. Step 1: Allocate physical or virtual
systems for the analysis lab
• A common approach to examining malicious software involves
infecting a system with the malware specimen and then using the
appropriate monitoring tools to observe how it behaves. This
requires a laboratory system you can infect without affecting your
production environment.
• The most popular and flexible way to set up such a lab system
involves virtualization software, which allows you to use a single
physical computer for hosting multiple virtual systems, each
running a potentially different operating system. Free virtualization
software options include:
• VMware Server
• Windows Virtual PC
• Microsoft Virtual Server
• Virtual Box
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
90
91. Step 2: Isolate laboratory systems
from the production environment
• You must take precautions to isolate the
malware-analysis lab from the production
network, to mitigate the risk that a malicious
program will escape. You can separate the
laboratory network from production using a
firewall. Better yet, don't connect laboratory
and production networks at all, to avoid
firewall configuration issues that might allow
malware to bypass filtering restrictions.
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Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
91
92. Step 3: Install behavioral analysis
tools
• Before you're ready to infect your laboratory system with the malware specimen,
you need to install and activate the appropriate monitoring tools. Free utilities that
will let you observe how Windows malware interacts with its environment include:
• File system and registry monitoring: Process Monitor and Capture BAT offer a
powerful way to observe in real time how local processes read, write, or delete
registry entries and files. These tools can help you understand how malware
attempts to embed into the system upon infection.
• Process monitoring: Process Explorer and Process Hacker replace the built-in
Windows Task Manager, helping you observe malicious processes, including local
network ports they may attempt to open.
• Network monitoring: Wireshark and SmartSniff are network sniffers, which can
observe laboratory network traffic for malicious communication attempts, such as
DNS resolution requests, bot traffic, or downloads.
• Change detection: Regshot is a lightweight tool for comparing the system's state
before and after the infection, to highlight the key changes malware made to the
file system and the registry.
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
92
93. Step 4: Install code-analysis tools
• Examining the code that comprises the specimen helps uncover
characteristics that may be difficult to obtain through behavioral analysis.
In the case of a malicious executable, you rarely will have the luxury of
access to the source code from which it was created. Fortunately, the
following free tools can help you reverse compiled Windows executables:
• Disassembler and debugger: OllyDbg and IDA Pro Freeware can parse
compiled Windows executables and, acting as disassemblers, display their
code as Intel x86 assembly instructions. These tools also have debugging
capabilities, which allow you to execute the most interesting parts of the
malicious program slowly and under highly controlled conditions, so you
can better understand the purpose of the code.
• Memory dumper: LordPE and OllyDump help obtain protected code
located in the lab system's memory and dump it to a file. This technique is
particularly useful when analyzing packed executables, which are difficult
to disassemble because they encode or encrypt their instructions,
extracting them into RAM only during run-time.
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
93
94. Step 5: Utilize online analysis tools
• To round off your malware-analysis toolkit, add to it some freely
available online tools that may assist with the reverse engineering
process. One category of such tools performs automated behavioral
analysis of the executables you supply. These applications look
similar at first glance, but use different technologies on the back
end. Consider submitting your malware specimen to several of
these sites; depending on the specimen, some sites will be more
effective than others. Such tools include:
• Anubis
• CWSandbox
• Joebox
• Norman SandBox
• ThreatExpert
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
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95. Next Steps
• With your initial toolkit assembled, start
experimenting in the lab with malware you
come across on the web, in your e-mail box,
on your systems, and so on.
Moataz Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed
Abdelhafez , Ahmed El bohy
95
96. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• Malware Analysis
• Goals OF malware Analysis
• Types Of malware Analysis
• Tools For malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 963/1/2015
97. Conclusion
• As you have seen there are various ways
for an attacker to get malicious code to
execute on remote computers
• We have only scratched on the surface,
there are much more to learn and discover
3/1/2015 AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 97
98. • Introduction to malware
• What is a malware?
• Types of malware
• How do they infect hosts?
• How to detect them?
• malware Analysis
• Goals OF malware Analysis
• Types Of malware Analysis
• Tools For malware Analysis
• Malware Analysis Simulation Steps
• malware Defense
• Conclusion
• References
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 983/1/2015
99. Refrences
• [1] Ed Skoudis and Lenny Zeltser. Malware: Fighting Malicious Code. Prentice Hall, 2003.
• [2] McGraw-Hill and Sybil P. Parker. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms.
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003.
• [3]Computer Economics, 2007 Malware Report: The Economic Impact of Viruses, Spyware,Adware,
Botnets and Other Malicious Code, Retrieved 2007, November 23
– fromhttp://www.computereconomics.com/article.cfm?id=1225
• [4]Eldad Eilam, (2005). Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing.
• [5]eWeek, Metasploit Creator Releases Malware Search Engine, retrieved 2007, November 24
– from http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1990158,00.asp
• [6]GIAC, Analysis of the Incident Handling Six Step Process, Retrieved 2007, November 24
– from http://www2.giac.org/resources/whitepaper/network/17.php?id=17&cat=network
• [7]Honeynet, Know Your Enemy: Malicious Web Servers, Retrieved 2007, November 24 from
– http://www.honeynet.org/papers/mws/KYE-Malicious_Web_Servers.htm
• [8]Lorna Hutcheson (2006), Malware Analysis The Basics, Retrieved 2007, November 24 from
– http://isc.sans.org/presentations/cookie.pdf
• [9]Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 2007, July 23rd, from www.m-w.com
• [10]SANS, Retrieved 2007, November 24, from
– https://www2.sans.org/training/description.php?cid=799
AAST COMP ENG Dr Ashraf Tammam 993/1/2015
Code analysis is performed by looking at the software code of the malware to gain a better understanding on how the malware functions. While performing code analysis, antivirus software will run on the malware, string searches will be performed, and files such as shell scripts will be analyzed. Most likely, reverse engineering will have to be performed using programs such as disassemblers, debuggers and decompilers.After successfully reversing malware, the reader will be able to see how the “source” code of the malware functions. Seeing how the code functions allows the reader to build better defenses to protect their organization as well as serve as a sanity check on the completed behavioral analysis. Once the malware code has been reversed, an understanding on how the malware
infects the system will become clear. With malware today becoming more targeted,understanding how malware infects systems can reduce infections to an organization, thusreducing the overall cost
Behavioral analysis is the “quick and dirty” way of malware analysis. When performing a behavioral analysis, look at how the malware behaves and what changes the malware makes on a base lined system. It should be noted, when performing behavioral analysis it is critical the malware lab in not connected to another network. For the best protection of production networks, the malware lab should never be connected to any network. If files must be transferred use a read only media such as CD-ROM. When performing behavioral analysis, look for changes to the system as well as any unusual behavior on an infected system. Changes on the system that should raise a red flag include files that have been added and/or modified, new services that have been installed new processes that are running, any registry modifications noting which modifications took place, and finally, if any systems settings have been modified. This would include DNS server settings of the workstation which have been changed. Beside the behavior of the system itself, network traffic will also be examined
VMware reduces the cost of hardware to needing only one or two physical machines. VMware allows many types of OS, including Windows and Linux, to be installed. Once of the best features of VMware is the snapshot. Before performing any type of analysis, taking a snapshot will save lots of time down the road. Another nice feature is the host only networking, which means the lab will only see itself. Also one should utilize the ability to disable VMware’s access to the network
interface card. Remember, when using VMware a large amount of RAM is needed. For Windows based and Linux systems that need a GUI, a minimum 512 MB of RAM should be used. For text based Linux boxes a minimum 256 MB of RAM should be used.Although virtualization of the malware lab is great for cost reduction, there are issues with using virtualization software. Some of the more sophisticated malware today will attempt to detect a VM. If the malware detects it is being run on a VM, it will not execute. After building the virtual machines, the operating systems installed in the malware lab will depend on the malware being analyzed and the operating systems used in the organization. The author normally will have a Windows XP Professional machine and a Linux machine loaded. Depending on the malware being analyzed, load a Windows Server (either 2000 or 2003) with all appropriate applications, such as IIS. Use a Windows XP machine as the malware victim, and either the Linux or Windows server to host such services such asWWW, FTP, DNS, and SMTP. No matter what operating system is used, make sure that installed services or listeners are running appropriately to act as the “compromised” server.After installing the operating system, utilize VMware’s snapshot feature and take
snapshots of the VM’s. Once the base OS snapshot is finished, install service packs, patches,and hot fixes deployed in the organization. Upon completion of the OS and all patches, load the tools needed for analysis. After loading the tools, record MD5 hashes of all tools used to ensure that the malware does not install a root kit. After obtaining the MD5 hashes, take one final snapshot before beginning the analysis.