Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
The term malware refers to software designed to intentionally damage a computer, a server, a client or a computer network. Alternatively, a software defect happens when a faulty component leads to unintentional harm.
malware, types of malware, virus, trojans, worm, rootkit, ransomware, malware protection, malware protection laws India, how malware works, history of malware
What is Information Security?
Information security means that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets is maintained.
Confidentiality: This means that information is only used by people who are authorized to access it.
Integrity: It ensures that information remains intact and unaltered. Any changes to the information through malicious action, natural disaster, or even a simple innocent mistake are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is accessible when authorized users need it.
Information Security Threats:
Most common types of information security threats are:
Theft of confidential information by hacking
System sabotage by hackers
Phishing and other social engineering attacks
Virus, spyware and malware
Social Media-the fraud threat
Theft of Confidential Information:
One of the major threat to information security is the theft of confidential data by hacking. This includes theft of employee information or theft of trade secrets and other intellectual property (IP).
Theft of Employee Information
Employee information includes credit card information, corporate credit card information, social security number , address, etc. It also includes theft of healthcare records as they contain personal information such date of birth, address, and name of relatives.
Theft of Trade Secrets and other Intellectual Property (IP)
Technology from various verticals including IT, aerospace, and telecommunications are constantly stolen by outsiders or insiders (industrial espionage). China is a growing offender as it continues to advance in technology relying on theft of international trade secrets and IP.
Piracy/copyright infringement.
Corporate business strategies including marketing strategies, product introduction strategies.
System Sabotage:
What is system sabotage?
Planting malware on networks of target organization and generating an enormous amount of transaction activity resulting in malfunction or crash of the system.
Who would perpetrate it?
System sabotage is usually committed by disgruntled ex-employees and by remote cyber-attackers for no particular reason.
The most sensational case of system sabotage: One of the recent examples is the sabotage of Sony PlayStation.
Phishing:
To obtain confidential data about individuals-customers, clients, employees or vendors that can be used to commit various types of identity fraud such as:
Opening bank accounts in victim’s name
Applying for loans in victim’s name
Applying for credit cards in victim’s name
Obtaining medical services in victims name (e-death)
Other kind of more sophisticated social engineering attacks include spear-phishing.
Spear-phishing targets specific individuals such as AP manger, controller, senior accountant to gain access to corporate bank accounts and transfer funds abroad.
Other threats include:
Smishing: Phishing via SMS (texting)
Vishing: Phishing via voice (phone)
Mobile hackin
The term malware refers to software designed to intentionally damage a computer, a server, a client or a computer network. Alternatively, a software defect happens when a faulty component leads to unintentional harm.
malware, types of malware, virus, trojans, worm, rootkit, ransomware, malware protection, malware protection laws India, how malware works, history of malware
What is Information Security?
Information security means that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets is maintained.
Confidentiality: This means that information is only used by people who are authorized to access it.
Integrity: It ensures that information remains intact and unaltered. Any changes to the information through malicious action, natural disaster, or even a simple innocent mistake are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is accessible when authorized users need it.
Information Security Threats:
Most common types of information security threats are:
Theft of confidential information by hacking
System sabotage by hackers
Phishing and other social engineering attacks
Virus, spyware and malware
Social Media-the fraud threat
Theft of Confidential Information:
One of the major threat to information security is the theft of confidential data by hacking. This includes theft of employee information or theft of trade secrets and other intellectual property (IP).
Theft of Employee Information
Employee information includes credit card information, corporate credit card information, social security number , address, etc. It also includes theft of healthcare records as they contain personal information such date of birth, address, and name of relatives.
Theft of Trade Secrets and other Intellectual Property (IP)
Technology from various verticals including IT, aerospace, and telecommunications are constantly stolen by outsiders or insiders (industrial espionage). China is a growing offender as it continues to advance in technology relying on theft of international trade secrets and IP.
Piracy/copyright infringement.
Corporate business strategies including marketing strategies, product introduction strategies.
System Sabotage:
What is system sabotage?
Planting malware on networks of target organization and generating an enormous amount of transaction activity resulting in malfunction or crash of the system.
Who would perpetrate it?
System sabotage is usually committed by disgruntled ex-employees and by remote cyber-attackers for no particular reason.
The most sensational case of system sabotage: One of the recent examples is the sabotage of Sony PlayStation.
Phishing:
To obtain confidential data about individuals-customers, clients, employees or vendors that can be used to commit various types of identity fraud such as:
Opening bank accounts in victim’s name
Applying for loans in victim’s name
Applying for credit cards in victim’s name
Obtaining medical services in victims name (e-death)
Other kind of more sophisticated social engineering attacks include spear-phishing.
Spear-phishing targets specific individuals such as AP manger, controller, senior accountant to gain access to corporate bank accounts and transfer funds abroad.
Other threats include:
Smishing: Phishing via SMS (texting)
Vishing: Phishing via voice (phone)
Mobile hackin
Computer security threats & prevention,Its a proper introduction about computer security and threats and prevention with reference. Have info about threats and their prevention.
Introduction
What is Cyber Crime?
Computer crime, or cybercrime, is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.
What is Cyber Security?
C
yber security, also known as computer security or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection and due to malpractice by operators,whether intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked into deviating from secure procedures.
The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems in most societies and the growth of "smart" devices,including smartphones, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things – and of the Internet and wireless network such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Some organizations are turning to big data platforms, such as Apache Hadoop, to extend data accessibility and machine learning to detect advanced persistent threats.
Vulnerabilities and Attacks
Vulnerability is a system susceptibility or flaw, and much vulnerability are documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database and vulnerability management is the cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating, and mitigating vulnerabilities as they are discovered.
An exploitable vulnerability is one for which at least one working attack or "exploit" exists.
To secure a computer system, it is important to understand the attacks that can be made against it, and these threats can typically be classified into one of the categories below.
Security Awareness related to common malwares, (viruses, trojans, worms etc) the damages they cause and basic countermeasures one can adopt to protect against them.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Computer security threats & prevention,Its a proper introduction about computer security and threats and prevention with reference. Have info about threats and their prevention.
Introduction
What is Cyber Crime?
Computer crime, or cybercrime, is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.
What is Cyber Security?
C
yber security, also known as computer security or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection and due to malpractice by operators,whether intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked into deviating from secure procedures.
The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems in most societies and the growth of "smart" devices,including smartphones, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things – and of the Internet and wireless network such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Some organizations are turning to big data platforms, such as Apache Hadoop, to extend data accessibility and machine learning to detect advanced persistent threats.
Vulnerabilities and Attacks
Vulnerability is a system susceptibility or flaw, and much vulnerability are documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database and vulnerability management is the cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating, and mitigating vulnerabilities as they are discovered.
An exploitable vulnerability is one for which at least one working attack or "exploit" exists.
To secure a computer system, it is important to understand the attacks that can be made against it, and these threats can typically be classified into one of the categories below.
Security Awareness related to common malwares, (viruses, trojans, worms etc) the damages they cause and basic countermeasures one can adopt to protect against them.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Name (Trojan horse) According to legend , the Greeks won the Trojan war by hiding in a huge, hollow wooden horse to sneak into the fortified city of Troy. It was built and filled with Greek warriors to get in troy city and open doors for all warriors out side troy city waiting to enter the city.
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This PPT is about Computer Virus and its prevention Technique
1. What is computer virus
2. Types of computer virus
3. How to prevent computer from Virus
4. Antivirus
5. Types of antivirus
This ppt is useful for
B.Ed course / MCA/BCA/ BBA/BCOM/MCOM/M.Ed etc.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Any software that the user did not authorize to be
loaded.
or
Software that collects data about a user without
their permission.
Various types of malicious software:
1.Spyware 2.Virus 3.Worm
4.Logic Bomb 5.Trapdoor 6. Trojan
7.RATs 8. Malware 9.Mobile malicious code
10. Malicious Font 11. Rootkits
3. Technology that aids in gathering information
about a person or organization without their
knowledge.
On the Internet (where it is sometimes called
a Spybot or tracking software), Spyware is
programming that is put in someone's
computer to secretly gather information
about the user and relay it to advertisers or
other interested parties.
Spyware can get in a computer as a software
virus or as the result of installing a new
program.
4. A program or programming code that
replicates by being copied or initiating its
copying to another program, computer boot
sector or document.
Viruses can be transmitted as attachments to
an e-mail note or in a downloaded file, or be
present on a diskette or CD
5. Method 1: Scanning
Scan your PC with Safe Mode reboot.
Use different Virus removal software for it.
Safe Mode booting disables most of the viruses.
Method 2: Rescue Disks
This method applies even before windows starts up.
Use offline virus scanner or pre boot scanner.
Download an iso image file from an anti virus company
Burn it on a disk
Boot your machine to this disk.
Run that anti virus software on that disk.
Method 3: Clean install
This process involves deleting everything on computer.
Before performing this, copy your data to another disk.
It is one the best method to get rid of Spywares, Viruses etc.
6. It is a self-replicating virus that does not alter
files but duplicates itself.
It is common for worms to be noticed only
when their uncontrolled replication consumes
system resources, slowing or halting other
tasks.
7. Keep your system up to date with security patches.
Avoid unknown e-mails.
Refrain from opening attachments from unknown
sources.
Removal:
◦ Check that all antivirus signatures are up-to-date.
◦ Scan the computer with antivirus software.
◦ If the scan detects a computer worm or other malware, use the
software to remove malware and clean or delete infected files. A
scan that detects no malware is usually indicative that
symptoms are being caused by hardware or software problems.
◦ Check that the computer’s operating system is up-to-date and
all software and applications have current patches installed.
◦ If a worm is difficult to remove, check online for specific
computer worm removal utilities
8. Logic bomb is programming code, inserted
surreptitiously or intentionally, that is designed
to execute (or "explode") under circumstances
such as the lapse of a certain amount of time or
the failure of a program user to respond to a
program command.
It is in effect a delayed-action computer virus or
Trojan horse.
A logic bomb, when "exploded," may be
designed to display or print a spurious message,
delete or corrupt data, or have other undesirable
effects.
9. Do not download pirated software
Be careful with installing shareware/freeware applications -
- Ensure you acquire these applications from a reputable
source.
Be cautious when opening email attachments -- Email
attachments may contain malware such as logic bombs. Use
extreme caution when handling emails and attachments.
Do not click on suspicious web links
Always update your -- Most antivirus
applications can detect malware such as Trojan
horses (which may contain logic bombs).
Install the latest operating system patches -- Not keeping
up with operating system updates will make your PC
vulnerable to the latest malware threats.
Apply patches to other software installed on your
computer -- Ensure that you have the latest patches
installed on all of your software applications, such
as Microsoft Office software, Adobe products, and Java.
10. It is a method of gaining access to some part of a
system other than by the normal procedure (e.g.
gaining access without having to supply a
password).
Hackers who successfully penetrate a system
may insert trapdoors to allow them entry at a
later date, even if the vulnerability that they
originally exploited is closed.
There have also been instances of system
developers leaving debug trapdoors in software,
which are then discovered and exploited by
hackers.
11. Trojan horse is a program in which malicious
or harmful code is contained inside
apparently harmless programming or data in
such a way that it can get control and do its
chosen form of damage, such as ruining the
certain area on your hard disk.
A Trojan horse may be widely redistributed
as part of a computer virus.
12. Disable System Restore.
Install an anti-malware program, if you
haven’t already.
Reboot into Safe Mode.
Uninstall any unfamiliar programs.
Start a scan with your anti-malware program
13. A special form of Trojan Horse that allows
remote control over a machine.
These programs are used to steal passwords
and other sensitive information.
Although they are "invisible", symptoms such
as a slow moving system, CD ports opening
and closing and unexplained restarting of
your computer may manifest.
14. Remedy for RATs is same as that for Trojan
Horses.
15. Malware (for "malicious software") is any
program or file that is harmful to a computer
user.
Malware includes computer viruses, worms,
Trojan horses, and also Spyware,
programming that gathers information about
a computer user without permission.
16. Web documents often have server-supplied
code associated with them which executes
inside the web browser.
This active content allows information servers
to customize the presentation of their
information, but also provides a mechanism
to attack systems running a client browser.
Mobile malicious code may arrive at a site
through active content such as JavaScript,
Java Applets and ActiveX controls or through
Plug-ins.
17. Webpage text that exploits the default method
used to de-compress Embedded Open Type
Fonts in Windows based programs including
Internet Explorer and Outlook.
These malicious fonts are designed to trigger a
buffer overflow which will disable the security on
Windows-based PCs.
This allows an intruder to take complete control
of the affected computer and remotely execute
destructive activities including installing
unauthorized programs and manipulating data.
18. Rootkits are a set of software tools used by an
intruder to gain and maintain access to a
computer system without the user's knowledge.
These tools conceal covert running processes,
files and system data making them difficult to
detect.
There are rootkits to penetrate a wide variety of
operating systems including Linux, Solaris and
versions of Microsoft Windows. A computer with
rootkits on it is called a rooted computer.
20. Hide a backdoor on a computer system by
using modified code to add or replace a
portion of the system's existing kernel code.
Usually the new code is added to the kernel
via a device driver or loadable module.
Kernel rootkits can be especially dangerous
because they can be difficult to detect
without appropriate software.
21. Library rootkits commonly patch, hook or replace
system calls with versions that hide information
about the attacker.
These instances may modify how a legitimate
program behaves by making it perform
additional functions that it is not authorized to
do, such as opening up a new connection and
transmitting confidential data using the access
permissions of the legitimate program.
22. Application level rootkits replace binary files
from legitimate applications with malicious
files.
They can also hijack legitimate programs and
perform malicious acts on their behalf.
This type of rootkit patches a legitimate
program so that it can perform additional,
mostly illegitimate operations.
23. Rootkits must be proactively combated,
before they can actually infiltrate the system,
otherwise removing them is much harder.
Common precautionary measures to prevent
rootkit infection include the use of fully
updated anti-virus and anti-spyware
software, the application of the latest
'patches', and a properly configured software
firewall.