This document discusses computer and internet security. It begins by defining malware and listing common types like viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, scareware, and ransomware. It then describes how worms, viruses, spyware, and Trojan horses operate and their purposes. The document further discusses hackers and crackers, firewalls, reasons for writing malware, and ways to protect computers from malware like using antivirus software, firewalls, and updating operating systems. It concludes with references used to create the presentation.

1. UNIVERSITY OF RAPARIN
FACULTY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Computer & Internet
Security
HOSHMAND KAREEM SALIH

2. • What is the origin of the name “malware” ?
• Malicious software
Malware
Computer & Internet Security
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• What is the definition of malware ?
• Software that is intended to damage or disable
computers and computer systems
• Any kind of unwanted software that is installed
without your adequate consent viruses, worms
and Trojan horses are examples of malicious
software that are often grouped of malicious
software that are often grouped together and
referred to as malware.

3. There are many types of malware such as
• Worms
• Virus
• Spyware
• Trojan horse
• Scare ware
• Ransom ware
Types of malware
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4. • Activity
• Make copies of themselves again and again on
• Local drive
• Network shares
• USB drives
• Purpose
• Reproduce
• Worms does not need to attach itself to
an exiting program
Types of malware (worms)
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5. • Activity
• When executed – usually by a human, replicates by inserting copies
of itself (possibly modified) into other computer programs, data files,
or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this replication succeeds,
the affected areas are then said to be "infected.“
• Purpose
• Harm computers
Types of malware (virus)
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6. • What is it?
• It is any software which takes information from your computer
without your knowledge or consent.
• Types of Spyware (just three of them)
• Trojans
• Web Bugs
• Advertiser software
Types of malware (Spyware)
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7. • Activity
• Appears to perform a desirable function but
instead drops a malicious payload, often
including a backdoor allowing unauthorized
access
• Purpose
• Gains privileged access to the operating system
• Trojans Does not need to attach itself to an
existing program.
Types of malware (Spyware) Trojan horse
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8. • It gets the idea and the name from the story of the Trojan
horse in troy.
Types of malware (Spyware) Trojan horse
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9. • Appears to be beneficial from a
security perspective but provides
limited or no security, generates
erroneous or misleading alerts, or
attempts to lure users into
participating in fraudulent
transactions.
Types of malware (Scare ware)
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10. • Restricts access to the computer
system that it infects
• Encrypt files lock system
• Displays messages intended to coax the
user into paying
• Demands a ransom in order for the
restriction to be removed
Types of malware (ransom ware)
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11. • The reasons
• Economical
• Personal
• Political
• Others
Why do malware writers write malware?
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12. • Economical
• Stealing sensitive information which is then sold on the black market.
• Take down networks
• Personal
• Revenge , Vandalism , Experimental / research , Hobby and art
• Political
• Gaining information about different political parts
• Spying on political parts or persons
• Political messages
Why do malware writers write malware?
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13. • A system or group of systems
that enforces an access
control policy between two
networks.
Firewall Visible
IP
Address
Internal
Network
PC Servers
Host

14. • Hackers
• A person who accesses a
computer or network illegally.
• Various types
• Black
• Grey
• White
Hackers and Crackers
Computer & Internet Security
• Crackers
• A person who accesses a
computer or network illegally but
has the intent of destroying data,
stealing information, or other
malicious action.
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15. Some systems for hacking
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16. A system for cracking (OllyICE)
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17. • Use an Antimalware app
• Installing an antimalware app and keeping it up to date
can help defend your PC against viruses and other
malware (malicious software). Antimalware apps scan for
viruses, spyware, and other malware trying to get into your
email, operating system, or files. New threats can appear
daily, so check the antimalware manufacturer's website
frequently for updates
• Some Antimalware apps
• Microsoft Security Essential , Norton , Avast, Avira ,
Kaspersky, AVG
• All the companies that we mentioned has either antivirus
and internet security
How to protect your pc from malware
Computer & Internet Security
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18. • Don't open email messages from unfamiliar senders, or
email attachments that you don't recognize
• Many viruses are attached to email messages and will spread as
soon as you open the attachment. It's best not to open any
attachment unless it's something you're expecting
• Microsoft Outlook and Windows Mail help block potentially
dangerous attachments
How to protect your pc from malware
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19. • Use a pop-up blocker with your Internet browser
• Pop-up windows are small browser windows that appear on top of
the website you're viewing. Although most are created by
advertisers, they can also contain malicious or unsafe code. A pop-
up blocker can prevent some or all of these windows from
appearing
• The Pop-up Blocker feature in Internet Explorer and the other
advanced browsers
How to protect your pc from malware
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20. • Keep Windows Updated
• Periodically, Microsoft releases special security updates that can
help protect your PC. These updates can help prevent viruses and
other malware attacks by closing possible security holes
• Turn on Windows Update to make sure that Windows receives these
updates automatically
How to protect your pc from malware
Computer & Internet Security
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21. • Use a firewall
• Windows Firewall or any other firewall app can help notify you about
suspicious activity if a virus or worm attempts to connect to your PC.
It can also block viruses, worms, and hackers from attempting to
download potentially harmful apps to your PC
How to protect your pc from malware
Computer & Internet Security
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22. • Turn on User Account Control (UAC)
• When changes are going to be made to your PC that
require administrator-level permission, UAC notifies you and
gives you the chance to approve the change. UAC can
help keep viruses from making unwanted changes
How to protect your pc from malware
Computer & Internet Security
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23. • Clear your Internet cache and your browsing history
• Most browsers store info about the websites you visit, and they might
also store info that websites might ask you to provide (such as your
name and address). While it can be helpful to have these details
stored on your PC, there are times when you might want to delete
some or all of them—for example, when you're using a public PC
and don't want to leave personal info behind
• For deleting all the history , privacy and stored information in an
easy way use CCleaner app
How to protect your pc from malware
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24. • Use another type of operating system
• Because Windows is the most operating system used in the world ,
the most malwares are made for windows , so using another type of
OS like Linux or Mac OS x is better , because malwares for these
Operating systems are not too much
• Some types of Linux
• Ubuntu
• Open SUZI
• Backtrack
• Kali
• Red hat
How to protect your pc from malware
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25. •Offensive Security Training and Services
• World Class Information Security Training and Penetration Testing
Online Training courses
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26. • We previously talked about these
• What is malware
• Types of malware
• Reasons for writing malware
• firewall
• Hackers and crackers
• How to protect our pc from malwares
• offensive-security.com
Wrap up!
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27. • Book
• Security Fundamentals – an official course - Microsoft
• Windows help center
• “How to protect my pc from viruses ?”
• Internet
• https://www.slideshare.net
• Some slides about malwares , hackers , viruses and spywares
• Some pictures of malwares (searched in google.com)
• YouTube
• A part of video in “Troy” movie
References
Computer & Internet Security
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