This is all about MODULATION, AMPLITUDE MODULATION, AND AM DEMODULATION, Techniques
By_ IMTIAZ ALI AHMED
B.Tech Student
Siliguri Institute of Technology(ECE)
Modulation
In the modulation process, some characteristic of a high-frequency carrier signal (bandpass), is changed according to the instantaneous amplitude of the information (baseband) signal.
Hello everyone. This is a short presentation on path loss and shadowing. I have not covered all the topics but a brief idea is given on path loss and wireless channel propagation models.
Hope you find it useful.
Thanks
This is all about MODULATION, AMPLITUDE MODULATION, AND AM DEMODULATION, Techniques
By_ IMTIAZ ALI AHMED
B.Tech Student
Siliguri Institute of Technology(ECE)
Modulation
In the modulation process, some characteristic of a high-frequency carrier signal (bandpass), is changed according to the instantaneous amplitude of the information (baseband) signal.
Hello everyone. This is a short presentation on path loss and shadowing. I have not covered all the topics but a brief idea is given on path loss and wireless channel propagation models.
Hope you find it useful.
Thanks
In this chapter we examine the capacity of a single-user wireless channel where transmitter and/or receiver have a single antenna. We will discuss capacity for channels that are both time invariant and time varying. We first look at the well-known formula for capacity of a time-invariant additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and then consider capacity of time-varying flat fading channels. We will first consider flat fading channel capacity where only the fading distribution is known at the transmitter and receiver. We will also treat capacity of frequency-selective fading channels. For time -invariant frequency-selective channels the capacity is known and is achieved with an optimal power allocation that water-fills over frequency instead of time. We will consider only discrete-time systems in this chapter.
In this chapter we examine the capacity of a single-user wireless channel where transmitter and/or receiver have a single antenna. We will discuss capacity for channels that are both time invariant and time varying. We first look at the well-known formula for capacity of a time-invariant additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and then consider capacity of time-varying flat fading channels. We will first consider flat fading channel capacity where only the fading distribution is known at the transmitter and receiver. We will also treat capacity of frequency-selective fading channels. For time -invariant frequency-selective channels the capacity is known and is achieved with an optimal power allocation that water-fills over frequency instead of time. We will consider only discrete-time systems in this chapter.
the modulation of a wave by varying its amplitude, used especially as a means of broadcasting an audio signal by combining it with a radio carrier wave.
AM – Frequency spectrum – vector representation – power relations – generation of AM – DSB, DSB/SC, SSB, VSB AM Transmitter & Receiver; FM and PM – frequency spectrum – power relations : NBFM & WBFM, Generation of FM and DM, Armstrong method & Reactance modulations : FM & PM frequency.
Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of different Modulation Techniques...Souvik Das
Make a comparative study and performance analysis of different modulation
techniques which shows graphically and comparatively results like Bandwidth,
Energy and Power Efficiency of AM, DSB-SC, SSB and SSB-SC
Discusses basic television broadcasting system and standards. Explains TV transmission principles used in Broadcasting. Modulation type and advantage of negative modulation. Explains VSB modulation in TV transmitters.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
2. Communication System Chart Communication System Continuous Wave Digital Wave Amplitude Modulation (AM) Pulse Modulation (PM) Angle Modulation Frequency Modulation (FM) Analogue Pulse Modulation Digital Pulse Modulation
3. Modulation is defined as the process of modifying a carrier signal (radio wave) systematically by the modulating signal (audio)” This process makes the signal suitable for the transmission and compatible with the channel. The resultant signal is called the modulated signal MODULATION
4. MODULATION Modulated signal Carrier signal ( a transmitted electromagnetic pulse or wave high frequency of alternation on which information can be imposed by increasing signal strength, varying the base frequency, varying the wave phase, or other means) Baseband signal
5. Demodulation is the act of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave
17. where notation m is termed the modulation index . It is simply a measurement for the degree of modulation and bears the relationship of V m to V c Therefore the full AM signal may be written as
18. Modulation Index m (Coefficient of Modulation/Modulation Factor/Degree of Modulation) What is the degree of modulation required to establish a desirable AM communication link? Answer is to maintain m<1.0 (m<100%). This is important for successful retrieval of the original transmitted information at the receiver end.
19. Modulation Index m The modulation index can be determined by measuring the actual values of the modulation voltage and the carrier voltage and computing the ratio.
21. If the amplitude of the modulating signal is higher than the carrier amplitude, which in turn implies the modulation index . This will cause severe distortion to the modulated signal. Modulation Index m
22. The ideal condition for amplitude modulation (AM) is when m=1 , which also means V m =V c . This will give rise to the generation of the maximum message signal output at the receiver without distortion. Modulation Index m
26. DSBFC Frequency Spectrum With single frequency f m B = Maximum freq. - minimum freq. = (fc+fm)-(fc-fm) = fc+fm-fc+fm = 2fm f C f c +f m f c -f m 2f m freq
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34. A video signal consists of range of frequencies and maximum frequency is as high as 4.5Mhz. If it is transmitted using the conventional AM system, the required bandwidth is 9.0 Mhz (B=2fm). But according to the standardization, TV signal is limited to 6MHz only. So, to reduce to 6Mhz bandwidth, a part of the LSB is not transmitted. In this case SSB transmission is not applied as it is very difficult to suppress a sideband accurately at high frequency. Amplitude Modulation ~ Vestigial Sideband
35. Frequency spectrum of a Vestigial Sideband Amplitude Modulation ~ Vestigial Sideband Carrier for video Audio Signal (FM) Upper sideband Lower Side band f c -1.25 f c f c +4.5 4.5 MHz Carrier for audio
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38. The total transmitted power in AM is the sum of the carrier power and the power in the sidebands. Carrier power : Sideband power: AM Power Distribution
39. Thus, at optimum operation (m = 100%), only 33% of power is used to carry information From previous equation, total current flow in AM is
