Electricity
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•84 views
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction which moves electrons on or off objects. The electric force between charged objects depends on the amount of charge and distance between them and exists within an electric field. Electricity can take the form of static electricity at rest or a dynamic electric current. Current, voltage, resistance, circuits, and electromagnetism are key concepts in how electricity behaves and is used.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Waves and light without star stuff
This document discusses different types of waves including mechanical waves that require a medium and electromagnetic waves that can travel through empty space. It describes properties of waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. Key behaviors of waves are also outlined such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and absorption. The document also provides information about electromagnetic waves, sound waves, lenses, mirrors, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electricity
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits consisting of a source, wires, and a load to convert the energy into other forms. Circuit failures are prevented by fuses and circuit breakers.
Waves and light without star stuff
This document discusses different types of waves including mechanical waves that require a medium and electromagnetic waves that can travel through empty space. It describes properties of waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. Key behaviors of waves are also outlined such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and absorption. The document provides details about electromagnetic waves, sound waves, and how lenses and mirrors interact with light waves.
Electricity (1)
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits, where current is the flow of electric charge. Circuits have an energy source, wires to conduct current, and a load to use the energy. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations.
Electric Circuits Vocabulary Cards
This document defines key terms related to electricity and electrical circuits. It explains that atoms are the smallest unit of matter and comprise all substances. Electricity is a form of energy involving the movement of charged particles like electrons and protons. An electric current is the flow of electrons along a wire, which can be part of an open circuit where current does not flow, or a closed circuit where it does. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations. Other terms defined include voltage, conductors, insulators, loads and devices like switches, bulbs and batteries that are integral parts of electrical systems.
Electromanets
Magnets have two poles and a magnetic field that allows them to attract or repel other objects. A magnetic field is the magnetized region surrounding a magnet that it uses to pick up metal objects. Motors use energy to move and in doing so generate electrical energy, while generators produce energy that can then power other devices.
Electricity and You
We all have an intimate relationship with electricity, to the extend that it's really impossible for us to leave without it.
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of electrons. Atoms contain electrons that can jump from one atom to another, constituting the flow of electricity. Electricity powers devices like light bulbs and radios by allowing electrons to flow through wires in a circuit. A circuit is a complete, unbroken conductive path that allows electric current to flow from the power source back to it, such as the two prongs of a plug connecting to the wall outlet.
Recommended
Waves and light without star stuff
This document discusses different types of waves including mechanical waves that require a medium and electromagnetic waves that can travel through empty space. It describes properties of waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. Key behaviors of waves are also outlined such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and absorption. The document also provides information about electromagnetic waves, sound waves, lenses, mirrors, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electricity
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits consisting of a source, wires, and a load to convert the energy into other forms. Circuit failures are prevented by fuses and circuit breakers.
Waves and light without star stuff
This document discusses different types of waves including mechanical waves that require a medium and electromagnetic waves that can travel through empty space. It describes properties of waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. Key behaviors of waves are also outlined such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and absorption. The document provides details about electromagnetic waves, sound waves, and how lenses and mirrors interact with light waves.
Electricity (1)
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits, where current is the flow of electric charge. Circuits have an energy source, wires to conduct current, and a load to use the energy. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations.
Electric Circuits Vocabulary Cards
This document defines key terms related to electricity and electrical circuits. It explains that atoms are the smallest unit of matter and comprise all substances. Electricity is a form of energy involving the movement of charged particles like electrons and protons. An electric current is the flow of electrons along a wire, which can be part of an open circuit where current does not flow, or a closed circuit where it does. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations. Other terms defined include voltage, conductors, insulators, loads and devices like switches, bulbs and batteries that are integral parts of electrical systems.
Electromanets
Magnets have two poles and a magnetic field that allows them to attract or repel other objects. A magnetic field is the magnetized region surrounding a magnet that it uses to pick up metal objects. Motors use energy to move and in doing so generate electrical energy, while generators produce energy that can then power other devices.
Electricity and You
We all have an intimate relationship with electricity, to the extend that it's really impossible for us to leave without it.
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of electrons. Atoms contain electrons that can jump from one atom to another, constituting the flow of electricity. Electricity powers devices like light bulbs and radios by allowing electrons to flow through wires in a circuit. A circuit is a complete, unbroken conductive path that allows electric current to flow from the power source back to it, such as the two prongs of a plug connecting to the wall outlet.
Magnetism
This document discusses magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins by defining a magnet and different types of magnets. It then explains magnetic materials, domains, and magnetic field lines. The document discusses how cutting a magnet in half would affect its poles. It also covers permanent and temporary magnets, as well as how magnetism can be induced using electricity or electromagnets. The final section provides a sample lab experiment to test magnetic fields and determine which magnet has the strongest field.
Magnet and magnetism
Magnetism is considered as one component of electromagnetic forces which refers to physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that create fields that attract or repel other objects.
Electricity and magnetism vocabulary
This document defines key terms related to electricity, magnetism, and circuits. It explains that a force causes change, magnets exhibit magnetism, magnetism responds to magnetic fields, opposite poles repel while like poles attract, induced magnetism produces magnetism in metals, permanent magnets retain magnetism without fields, magnetic fields act around magnets or charges, batteries contain cells that store electric charges, electricity sources generate power, receivers receive energy in circuits, circuits form closed or open paths, filaments are thin threads, and components are parts of a whole system.
Electricity and magnetism
This document discusses electricity and magnetism. It defines different types of magnets such as natural and artificial, as well as permanent and induced magnets. It describes how magnets interact with each other based on their poles, and how magnets are used in common objects like speakers, hard drives, and MRI machines. The document also explains what a magnetic field is, how electromagnets work, examples of conductive and insulating materials, and some electrical safety tips.
Magnetism3 power point
Magnets have been known for centuries and have magical properties. Magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic materials due to the arrangement and spin of electrons in atoms. Magnets always have two poles - a north and a south pole - and like poles repel while opposite poles attract. The Earth itself acts as a large magnet with a magnetic field that is strongest at the North and South magnetic poles.
Electronic Technology
The document discusses magnetism and electricity concepts including:
- Iron, nickel, and cobalt have the greatest magnetic permeability.
- Permanent magnet examples include ceramic bars, fridge magnets, and neodymium discs.
- Temporary magnets include induced paper clips and electromagnets.
- Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in its solid iron inner core.
- Moving a magnet near a wire or changing the magnetic field around a wire induces electric current in the wire.
Magnetism
This document provides information about magnetism and magnetic fields. It defines key terms like magnetic poles, magnetic force, magnetic field, and different types of magnets. It explains that every magnet has two poles, and that a compass points north because the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its own north and south poles. Cutting a magnet in half will result in two smaller magnets, each with their own north and south poles.
ScienceShare.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses different types of fields including magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, gravitational fields, and electric fields. It provides details on how magnets work and how magnetic fields are produced by electric currents. Electromagnets can be made stronger by adding more coil wraps, increasing current, or using an iron core. Electromagnets are used in many devices like motors, speakers, and lifting magnets. Gravity is a force that attracts all objects due to their mass. Planets orbit stars due to gravitational forces, and objects on Earth experience gravitational attraction toward the center of the planet. Electric fields show how electric charges interact, and can be generated by lightning.
power point presentation on Magnetism for ICSE class IX students
This presentation is useful for ICSE Class IX and CBSE students to understand the concepts of magnetism.
Superconductors
Superconductors can conduct electricity without resistance below a certain temperature, allowing electric fields to flow forever in a closed loop. Particle accelerators are apparatuses that accelerate subatomic particles to high velocities using electric or electromagnetic fields for research or to produce X-rays and gamma rays. Superconductors may be useful for particle accelerators due to their ability to maintain electric fields without resistance.
40697676 magnetism
Magnets have been known and studied for centuries. The ancient Greeks were familiar with magnetite, a magnetic stone, and discovered that magnetite stones always pointed in the same direction, which later helped with navigation. William Gilbert proposed in 1600 that the Earth itself acts as a large magnet, predicting it would have magnetic poles. Magnetism results from the arrangement of electrons within atoms. Magnets have distinct north and south poles, and like poles repel while opposite poles attract.
How does an electromagnet work
Both bar magnets and electromagnets have magnetic fields and attract iron materials. However, electromagnets can be turned on and off by controlling the electric current, while bar magnets maintain their magnetism permanently. Additionally, electromagnets can be made stronger by increasing the number of wire coils or electric current, whereas the strength of bar magnets cannot be controlled.
Magnetism e
The document discusses the earth's magnetic field and how it protects the planet. It describes how the earth's magnetic field deflects charged particles from the sun's wind away from earth, protecting life and infrastructure. These particles enter the magnetic field at the poles, where the field is strongest, and collide with gas molecules, ionizing them and causing them to emit light in the form of the auroras.
Magnetism
Magnets have north and south poles and magnetic fields created by electron arrangement. Molecular theory explains magnetism at the atomic level, with molecular magnets aligning in materials. Electric currents create magnetic fields, demonstrated by patterns with iron filings. Electromagnets are coils that can be magnetized and demagnetized by switching current on and off. Moving coil meters like the milliammeter measure current through magnetic interactions between the coil and a permanent magnet.
Magnetism
The Earth acts as a giant magnet with a north and south magnetic pole. Magnets can be natural or man-made using materials like iron oxide or an electric current in a coil of wire. There are different theories about magnetism on a molecular and electron level. Magnets have magnetic fields represented by flux lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole. Unlike magnetic poles attract while like poles repel according to the laws of magnetism.
Exploring magnetism background
Magnets are made of certain materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel that have unpaired electrons in their atoms. When these materials solidify, their atomic magnetic fields align into small domains that collectively give the material an overall magnetic field with north and south poles. Magnets can attract or repel other magnets and magnetic materials due to their magnetic fields. Electric currents also produce magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields induce electric currents, forming the basis of electric motors and generators.
Electricity and magnetism by carmen Ramos
1) Static electricity occurs when objects are rubbed together, causing them to become electrically charged. Objects can be neutral or charged, attracting or repelling each other depending on their charge.
2) Materials are either conducting or insulating - conductors allow electric charges to move through easily while insulators do not. Electric circuits have components like generators, wires, switches and devices to transmit electric current, which is the movement of electric charges.
3) Magnets attract certain metals and have north and south poles. When two magnets are placed near each other they can either attract or repel depending on their pole orientation. Magnetism has many uses including compasses, storage, and security.
Electricity and magnetism by Mabel Aliste
The document discusses static electricity, electric charges, electric circuits, and magnetism. It explains that static electricity occurs when objects are rubbed together, causing an imbalance of positive and negative charges. It describes how charged objects interact, conducting and insulating materials, and the basic components of an electric circuit like the current generator, wires, and devices. The document also discusses natural and artificial magnets, their properties like attraction and repulsion of poles, and some uses of magnetism such as orientation, information storage, and theft control.
Electricity and magnetism chapter 2 and 3 notes
Magnetism and Electromagnetism discusses the relationship between magnetism and electricity. It describes how magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel, and how the Earth itself acts as a large magnet. It then explains how an electric current produces magnetism through electromagnets, and how changing magnetic fields induce electric currents, the basis of electric generators. Transformers are also summarized, which use this principle to increase or decrease voltage for power transmission.
Unit 7:Magnetism
Magnets have the ability to attract some metals due to magnetism. All magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. When two magnets are placed together, the same poles will repel each other while opposite poles will attract. Magnetism has many useful applications such as in compasses, locks, motors, and storing digital information.
Atomic theory
This document outlines the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physics. It describes key contributors such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger who proposed models of the atom based on experiments. The modern atomic theory is that atoms are composed of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in electron clouds, and that elements are distinguished by their atomic number. Isotopes are variants of the same element that differ in neutron number. Forces like electromagnetic, strong, and weak govern atomic structure.
Chemical reactions
This document discusses key concepts in chemistry including types of chemical reactions such as single displacement, synthesis, decomposition, and double displacement reactions. It also covers important laws like conservation of mass and energy. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are defined as well as activation energy, catalysts, and inhibitors. The components of a balanced chemical equation including reactants and products are explained. Finally, the six step process for balancing chemical equations is outlined.
More Related Content
What's hot
Magnetism
This document discusses magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins by defining a magnet and different types of magnets. It then explains magnetic materials, domains, and magnetic field lines. The document discusses how cutting a magnet in half would affect its poles. It also covers permanent and temporary magnets, as well as how magnetism can be induced using electricity or electromagnets. The final section provides a sample lab experiment to test magnetic fields and determine which magnet has the strongest field.
Magnet and magnetism
Magnetism is considered as one component of electromagnetic forces which refers to physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that create fields that attract or repel other objects.
Electricity and magnetism vocabulary
This document defines key terms related to electricity, magnetism, and circuits. It explains that a force causes change, magnets exhibit magnetism, magnetism responds to magnetic fields, opposite poles repel while like poles attract, induced magnetism produces magnetism in metals, permanent magnets retain magnetism without fields, magnetic fields act around magnets or charges, batteries contain cells that store electric charges, electricity sources generate power, receivers receive energy in circuits, circuits form closed or open paths, filaments are thin threads, and components are parts of a whole system.
Electricity and magnetism
This document discusses electricity and magnetism. It defines different types of magnets such as natural and artificial, as well as permanent and induced magnets. It describes how magnets interact with each other based on their poles, and how magnets are used in common objects like speakers, hard drives, and MRI machines. The document also explains what a magnetic field is, how electromagnets work, examples of conductive and insulating materials, and some electrical safety tips.
Magnetism3 power point
Magnets have been known for centuries and have magical properties. Magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic materials due to the arrangement and spin of electrons in atoms. Magnets always have two poles - a north and a south pole - and like poles repel while opposite poles attract. The Earth itself acts as a large magnet with a magnetic field that is strongest at the North and South magnetic poles.
Electronic Technology
The document discusses magnetism and electricity concepts including:
- Iron, nickel, and cobalt have the greatest magnetic permeability.
- Permanent magnet examples include ceramic bars, fridge magnets, and neodymium discs.
- Temporary magnets include induced paper clips and electromagnets.
- Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in its solid iron inner core.
- Moving a magnet near a wire or changing the magnetic field around a wire induces electric current in the wire.
Magnetism
This document provides information about magnetism and magnetic fields. It defines key terms like magnetic poles, magnetic force, magnetic field, and different types of magnets. It explains that every magnet has two poles, and that a compass points north because the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its own north and south poles. Cutting a magnet in half will result in two smaller magnets, each with their own north and south poles.
ScienceShare.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses different types of fields including magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, gravitational fields, and electric fields. It provides details on how magnets work and how magnetic fields are produced by electric currents. Electromagnets can be made stronger by adding more coil wraps, increasing current, or using an iron core. Electromagnets are used in many devices like motors, speakers, and lifting magnets. Gravity is a force that attracts all objects due to their mass. Planets orbit stars due to gravitational forces, and objects on Earth experience gravitational attraction toward the center of the planet. Electric fields show how electric charges interact, and can be generated by lightning.
power point presentation on Magnetism for ICSE class IX students
This presentation is useful for ICSE Class IX and CBSE students to understand the concepts of magnetism.
Superconductors
Superconductors can conduct electricity without resistance below a certain temperature, allowing electric fields to flow forever in a closed loop. Particle accelerators are apparatuses that accelerate subatomic particles to high velocities using electric or electromagnetic fields for research or to produce X-rays and gamma rays. Superconductors may be useful for particle accelerators due to their ability to maintain electric fields without resistance.
40697676 magnetism
Magnets have been known and studied for centuries. The ancient Greeks were familiar with magnetite, a magnetic stone, and discovered that magnetite stones always pointed in the same direction, which later helped with navigation. William Gilbert proposed in 1600 that the Earth itself acts as a large magnet, predicting it would have magnetic poles. Magnetism results from the arrangement of electrons within atoms. Magnets have distinct north and south poles, and like poles repel while opposite poles attract.
How does an electromagnet work
Both bar magnets and electromagnets have magnetic fields and attract iron materials. However, electromagnets can be turned on and off by controlling the electric current, while bar magnets maintain their magnetism permanently. Additionally, electromagnets can be made stronger by increasing the number of wire coils or electric current, whereas the strength of bar magnets cannot be controlled.
Magnetism e
The document discusses the earth's magnetic field and how it protects the planet. It describes how the earth's magnetic field deflects charged particles from the sun's wind away from earth, protecting life and infrastructure. These particles enter the magnetic field at the poles, where the field is strongest, and collide with gas molecules, ionizing them and causing them to emit light in the form of the auroras.
Magnetism
Magnets have north and south poles and magnetic fields created by electron arrangement. Molecular theory explains magnetism at the atomic level, with molecular magnets aligning in materials. Electric currents create magnetic fields, demonstrated by patterns with iron filings. Electromagnets are coils that can be magnetized and demagnetized by switching current on and off. Moving coil meters like the milliammeter measure current through magnetic interactions between the coil and a permanent magnet.
Magnetism
The Earth acts as a giant magnet with a north and south magnetic pole. Magnets can be natural or man-made using materials like iron oxide or an electric current in a coil of wire. There are different theories about magnetism on a molecular and electron level. Magnets have magnetic fields represented by flux lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole. Unlike magnetic poles attract while like poles repel according to the laws of magnetism.
Exploring magnetism background
Magnets are made of certain materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel that have unpaired electrons in their atoms. When these materials solidify, their atomic magnetic fields align into small domains that collectively give the material an overall magnetic field with north and south poles. Magnets can attract or repel other magnets and magnetic materials due to their magnetic fields. Electric currents also produce magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields induce electric currents, forming the basis of electric motors and generators.
Electricity and magnetism by carmen Ramos
1) Static electricity occurs when objects are rubbed together, causing them to become electrically charged. Objects can be neutral or charged, attracting or repelling each other depending on their charge.
2) Materials are either conducting or insulating - conductors allow electric charges to move through easily while insulators do not. Electric circuits have components like generators, wires, switches and devices to transmit electric current, which is the movement of electric charges.
3) Magnets attract certain metals and have north and south poles. When two magnets are placed near each other they can either attract or repel depending on their pole orientation. Magnetism has many uses including compasses, storage, and security.
Electricity and magnetism by Mabel Aliste
The document discusses static electricity, electric charges, electric circuits, and magnetism. It explains that static electricity occurs when objects are rubbed together, causing an imbalance of positive and negative charges. It describes how charged objects interact, conducting and insulating materials, and the basic components of an electric circuit like the current generator, wires, and devices. The document also discusses natural and artificial magnets, their properties like attraction and repulsion of poles, and some uses of magnetism such as orientation, information storage, and theft control.
Electricity and magnetism chapter 2 and 3 notes
Magnetism and Electromagnetism discusses the relationship between magnetism and electricity. It describes how magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel, and how the Earth itself acts as a large magnet. It then explains how an electric current produces magnetism through electromagnets, and how changing magnetic fields induce electric currents, the basis of electric generators. Transformers are also summarized, which use this principle to increase or decrease voltage for power transmission.
Unit 7:Magnetism
Magnets have the ability to attract some metals due to magnetism. All magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. When two magnets are placed together, the same poles will repel each other while opposite poles will attract. Magnetism has many useful applications such as in compasses, locks, motors, and storing digital information.
What's hot (20)
power point presentation on Magnetism for ICSE class IX students
power point presentation on Magnetism for ICSE class IX students
Viewers also liked
Atomic theory
This document outlines the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physics. It describes key contributors such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger who proposed models of the atom based on experiments. The modern atomic theory is that atoms are composed of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in electron clouds, and that elements are distinguished by their atomic number. Isotopes are variants of the same element that differ in neutron number. Forces like electromagnetic, strong, and weak govern atomic structure.
Chemical reactions
This document discusses key concepts in chemistry including types of chemical reactions such as single displacement, synthesis, decomposition, and double displacement reactions. It also covers important laws like conservation of mass and energy. Exothermic and endothermic reactions are defined as well as activation energy, catalysts, and inhibitors. The components of a balanced chemical equation including reactants and products are explained. Finally, the six step process for balancing chemical equations is outlined.
Work, power and machines with pitucres
Work is defined as energy transferred by a force causing an object to move. The formula for work is W=Fxd. Power is the rate at which work is done and is calculated as P=W/t. Machines make work easier by changing the amount or direction of force applied. Simple machines include levers, pulleys, wheels and axles, inclined planes, wedges, screws, and compound machines which combine simple machines. Mechanical advantage is the number of times a machine multiplies force while efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input.
Periodic table shortened (1)
The periodic table organizes the chemical elements by atomic number and shows that elements with similar atomic structures tend to have similar chemical properties; elements are classified as metals, metalloids and nonmetals according to their properties, and the table illustrates how elements gain or lose electrons to achieve stable electron configurations through periodic trends in atomic structure across periods and down groups. The periodic table provides a framework for understanding relationships between elements and predicting properties based on atomic structure.
States of matter (1)
This document discusses the different states of matter and the changes between them. It explains that solids have a definite shape and volume due to the tight packing and vibration of particles. Liquids can change shape but not volume as their particles can slide past one another. Gases expand to fill their containers since particles are far apart and move independently. Changes between solid, liquid and gas require the addition or removal of energy to overcome or increase intermolecular forces. Temperature represents the average kinetic energy of particles but changes in temperature only occur once a change of state is complete.
Acids and bases
Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen and increase the number of hydronium ions in water. They have a sour taste, are corrosive, and react with metals. Common acids like hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are used to make paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizer. Bases contain hydroxide and have a bitter taste and feel slippery. They are also corrosive and conduct electricity. Common bases like sodium hydroxide are used to make soap, paper, cleaners, and antacids. Strong acids and bases fully dissociate in water, releasing more hydrogen or hydroxide ions, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. A neutralization reaction between
Heat
This document discusses key concepts relating to temperature and heat transfer. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. As temperature increases, particles move faster, spreading out through thermal expansion. Different temperature scales are presented, with Fahrenheit and Celsius defined by their freezing and boiling points of water, and Kelvin having the lowest possible temperature of absolute zero. Heat is defined as the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures, while thermal energy is the kinetic energy within an object. Materials are classified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to transfer heat. The three main methods of heat transfer are conduction (direct contact), convection (movement of molecules in gases and liquids), and radiation (
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause or oppose motion depending on whether they are balanced or unbalanced. The law of universal gravitation describes how gravitational force is related to mass and distance. Formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time are also provided.
Chap 2 sec 1 (1)
The document discusses the key differences between matter, volume, mass, and weight. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass, while volume refers to the amount of space an object occupies. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location, whereas weight depends on gravitational force and can vary depending on location. Mass is measured using a balance and expressed in grams, while weight is measured using a spring scale and expressed in Newtons.
Force, mass, acceleration
- Galileo discovered that all objects accelerate at the same rate when falling, due to gravity, regardless of their mass. Heavier objects experience a greater force of gravity but require more force to accelerate as their mass increases.
- Newton's Second Law states that acceleration depends on both the mass of an object and the net force acting upon it. Greater mass requires a greater force for the same acceleration.
- Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first.
Chap 2 chem & phy properties
This document discusses the differences between physical and chemical properties of matter. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance, such as boiling point, density, state, and color. Physical changes alter the substance's form but not its composition, like melting, freezing, or bending. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions, for example flammability or reactivity. Chemical changes result in one or more new substances forming through chemical reactions. The identity of the original substance is changed in a chemical change.
Energy 2 without alternatives
Energy can exist in various forms and can be transferred from one form to another but not created or destroyed. There are nine main types of energy: kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear. Energy transfers allow important functions like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and power generation. Chemical energy is a common form of stored potential energy that can be released to do work.
Viewers also liked (12)
Similar to Electricity
Electricity
- Matter is composed of atoms which contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. The attraction between protons and electrons holds the atom together.
- Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Voltage is the difference in electric potential needed to move charges between two points.
- An electric circuit requires a power source, wires to conduct electricity, and a load to use the power. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel. Electricity powers many modern devices through generation, transmission, and use of electric current and fields.
electric_current_and_circuits.pdf
This document discusses electrical circuits and concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, and different types of circuits. It explains that a closed conducting loop or circuit is needed for electric current to flow. Current is the continuous flow of electric charges through a conductor. Voltage provides the pressure that pushes charges through a circuit, while resistance opposes their flow. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. The document also compares series and parallel circuits, noting differences in how current and voltage are distributed in each type.
Circuits AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS.pptx
Electricity can produce light, heat, and sound. There are two types of electricity: static and electric current. Electric current is the flow of negatively charged electrons through a conductor. Current is measured in amperes using an ammeter. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel. Resistance hinders current flow. Ohm's law relates voltage, current, and resistance. Electricity has many uses and hazards that require safety precautions.
Electricity
Electricity is caused by an imbalance of electric charges between objects. There are two types of electric charges - positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons). When objects are rubbed together they can exchange charges and become electrically imbalanced, causing static electricity. Electric current flows when charges move through a complete circuit between two objects with different electric potentials like batteries. The current is determined by voltage and resistance based on Ohm's Law. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations which impact how voltage and current are distributed.
Basics of Electricity
This document provides an introduction to electric charges and current. It discusses the basics of electric charges including types of charges, electric fields, and static electricity. It also covers voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. Additionally, it explains series and parallel circuits and provides examples. The document concludes with discussions of electrical safety topics like grounding, fuses, circuit breakers, and electric shocks.
Electrical Energy
The document discusses key concepts about electrical energy including:
- Atoms are made up of a nucleus surrounded by electrons that carry a negative charge. Protons in the nucleus carry a positive charge while neutrons carry no charge.
- Static electricity occurs when surfaces rub against each other, transferring electrons between them and building up positive or negative charges.
- Electric current involves the flow of electrons along a wire or conductor, which can be measured in amps. Voltage measures the energy supplied by these charges and is measured in volts.
Electricity (1)
1. Static electricity is a stationary electric charge produced by friction that causes sparks or attraction of dust. The triboelectric effect produces charge when objects rub against each other.
2. Materials are either conductors that allow electron flow or insulators that impede electron flow. Common conductors include metals and aqueous salt solutions, while common insulators include plastics, glass, and dry air.
3. Electrostatic induction modifies charge distribution on one material under the influence of a nearby charged object, allowing for charging by proximity without direct contact.
Electricity
1. Static electricity is a stationary electric charge produced by friction that causes sparks or attraction of dust. The triboelectric effect produces charge when objects rub against each other.
2. Materials are either conductors that allow electron flow or insulators that impede electron flow. Common conductors include metals and aqueous salt solutions, while common insulators include plastics, glass, and dry air.
3. Electrostatic induction modifies charge distribution on one material under the influence of a nearby charged object, allowing for charging by proximity without direct contact.
electricity checkpoint F2 2020.pptx
- Electricity is the flow of electric charges, namely electrons. Electric current occurs when electrons flow through a conductor in a complete circuit due to an applied voltage or electric pressure.
- Resistance opposes the flow of electrons and is measured in Ohms. Resistance causes some of the electrical energy to be converted to thermal energy and light. Factors like material type and dimensions affect resistance.
- Ohm's Law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR). In a series circuit there is only one path for current, while in a parallel circuit there are multiple branches for current.
Electricity & magnetism
Electricity can be static or current. Static electricity builds up on the surface of objects and does not flow, while current electricity involves the flow of electrons. There are two types of current - direct current where electrons flow in one direction, and alternating current where electrons change direction periodically. Coulomb's law states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Electric circuits can be either series circuits where components are lined up along one path, or parallel circuits which have multiple branching paths.
ELECTRICITY___ELECTRONICS.ppt
This document provides information about electricity and electronics. It defines electricity and its basic concepts like electric charge, current, voltage, circuits. It describes different sources of electricity like fossil fuels, renewable sources. It also explains components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors. It covers basic electronic tools, types of circuits and troubleshooting of electronic appliances.
Intro to electricity cristina hernandez
Electricity is produced when electrons move between atoms. It is everywhere in electrical outlets, batteries, and static electricity from rubbing your feet on carpet. An electric circuit allows electrons to flow continuously from a power source like a battery through a conductor like a wire back to the source. Conductors freely allow electron movement while insulators do not, preventing shocks. Electricity can be static and stay in one place or use current to flow through closed circuits in appliances, creating alternating currents.
electricity.pptx
This document defines key concepts related to electricity and circuits. It explains that electricity is a form of energy from the movement of electrons, and is associated with electric charge. It discusses static electricity, conductors and insulators, electric current including alternating and direct current, voltage, electrochemical cells, resistance, and circuit components like switches, batteries, lamps and wires. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations to form closed loops for electric current to flow.
2_Electric Current.pptx
Here are the answers to the questions on Electromotive Force:
1. Electromotive Force (EMF) is the driving force that causes electric current to flow in a circuit. It is the voltage generated by the source like a battery or generator.
2. EMF Formula: EMF (ε) = Work done (W) / Charge moved (Q)
3. The SI unit of EMF is Volt (V).
4. Potential Difference is the difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit. EMF is the maximum potential difference that can be developed by the source in an ideal condition with zero resistance in the circuit.
5. Yes, EMF can be negative if
Electricity and magnetism
This document discusses key concepts of electricity and magnetism including:
- Static electricity, which is the build up of electric charge on objects without current flow.
- Electric current, which is the flow of electrons through a conductor and can be direct or alternating.
- Circuits, which provide a path for electric current to flow using components like wires. Circuits can be series or parallel.
- Other concepts covered are resistance, voltage, Ohm's Law, magnetism, electromagnets, generators, and motors.
Electricity class with additional info
This document provides an overview of electricity and electric circuits. It defines key terms like current, voltage, resistance and discusses concepts such as series and parallel circuits. The three main points covered are:
1. It defines electricity as a form of energy involving the flow of electrons in a circuit. Current is defined as the flow of electric charge.
2. It explains how circuits work and the role of components like batteries, wires, switches and resistors. Resistance opposes the flow of current.
3. It introduces common circuit types like series and parallel and how resistance is calculated and changes between the two circuit arrangements. Measurement units like volts and ohms are also defined.
Electric current and circuit
This document discusses electrical circuits and their components. It begins by defining key terms like voltage, current, and resistance. Voltage is generated by batteries, generators, or solar cells and creates a difference in electric potential that causes electric current to flow. Current is the flow of electric charge, specifically electrons, measured in amps. Resistance opposes the flow of current and converts electrical energy to heat. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. The document then explains series and parallel circuits. In a series circuit there is only one path for current, while in parallel circuits there are multiple branches. It concludes by comparing the key differences between series and parallel circuits.
Electricity- Class-X-CBSE
Electric current flows when charges move through a conducting material in a closed circuit. The document discusses key concepts related to electricity including:
- Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another as static or current electricity.
- An electric circuit allows current to flow when it provides a complete loop or path for charges to move through components like wires, batteries, and light bulbs.
- Key factors that control current in a circuit include resistance of the materials and voltage of the power source according to Ohm's law.
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction builds on the concept of magnets and magnetic fields in grade 10. Most of the work covered here is quite clear and straight forward.
Similar to Electricity (20)
More from Allyse Fritz
Classification prt1
This document discusses biological classification and taxonomy. It begins by explaining why biologists classify organisms and provides a brief history of classification from Aristotle to Linnaeus establishing the modern 7-level system. The 7 levels are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. An example classification of a housecat is given from kingdom to species. Scientific names are introduced as the standardized naming system. The document concludes by mentioning dichotomous keys which help identify organisms based on distinguishing characteristics.
How does evolution happen
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed that organisms vary individually, and traits better suited to the local environment help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully. Over generations, this leads to evolution of species as adaptations arise in response to environmental pressures like availability of food sources. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur through natural selection acting on inherited variation between organisms in every generation.
The evolution of living things
This document discusses evidence for evolution and adaptation. It describes how adaptations like a giraffe's long neck helped it survive. Fossils provide evidence that species change over time as the needs of populations change. Comparing anatomical structures and DNA between living things like whales and camels shows they share common ancestors from millions of years ago. The fossil record and similarities between organisms support the theory that all life on Earth descended from common ancestors through gradual change over generations.
What does dna look like
DNA contains the genetic code for building and maintaining organisms. It is made up of nucleotides that pair together in a double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin discovered through X-ray diffraction that DNA has a spiral shape, which Watson and Crick used to build a double helix model showing that DNA is made of two strands of alternating sugar-phosphate units connected by complementary nucleotide base pairs. DNA replicates through splitting and using each strand as a template to form two new double helices.
How dna works
DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is found within the cells of organisms and takes on different structures like being wound around proteins in the nucleus or forming loose loops in cells lacking a nucleus. A gene is a string of DNA nucleotides that provides instructions to the cell, and changes to genes through mutations in the DNA sequence can result in new traits or cause harm.
The cell cycle
The document summarizes the cell cycle and cell division in eukaryotic cells. It discusses that (1) the cell cycle involves copying DNA and organelles before the cell divides, (2) mitosis is the process where the cell separates its chromosomes and splits into two identical daughter cells, and (3) the stages of mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis where the cell membrane pinches the cell into two daughter cells each with their own nucleus.
Cell energy
Cells get energy from food through cellular respiration or fermentation. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight and converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose, which plants use for energy and animals obtain by eating plants. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy, using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide. When oxygen is scarce, cells use fermentation to break down glucose without oxygen.
Cell organelles
This document summarizes the key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as the outer boundary that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves. It notes that plant cells also contain a cell wall made of cellulose that provides protection and support. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The cytoplasm and organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts carry out specialized functions like protein production, packaging and transport of materials, energy production, storage, and waste digestion.
History of cells
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1655 after observing cork through a microscope. He described them as "little boxes" or "little rooms". Rudolf Virchow and Matthias Schleidan/Theodor Swann collaborated to establish the Cell Theory, which states that (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells (2) cells are the basic unit of living things and (3) cells only come from preexisting cells. Cells remain small because surface area to volume ratios limit their growth to efficiently exchange materials.
Char of lv things & necess of life
This document discusses the characteristics of living things and the necessities of life. It outlines 6 key characteristics that define living things: 1) cells, 2) sensing and responding to stimuli, 3) reproduction, 4) DNA, 5) using energy, and 6) growth and development. It also identifies 4 necessities required for life: water, air, food, and shelter. The document then provides further details on homeostasis, types of reproduction, DNA's role in heredity and cell function, and the 5 basic building blocks of cells: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids.
Scientific method & variables
The document discusses the scientific method, which is a process used to answer questions about the world through experiments and observations. It involves identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis, designing and conducting an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Key parts of the scientific method include formulating hypotheses, identifying independent, dependent, and controlled variables, developing procedures, and organizing and presenting results. The document provides examples of experiments and identifies the variables involved.
Measurements and metrics notes 10 11
The document discusses measurements and metrics. It provides background on ancient measurement systems based on body parts and food grains. It then introduces the modern Metric System devised in the late 18th century to have a single, unified, decimal-based system used worldwide. Key advantages of the metric system are its use of powers of 10 for easy conversions, standardized prefixes, and widespread international use compared to other systems like English units.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause objects to accelerate if the net force is unbalanced. The document also provides formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time and notes the units used to measure and relate these physical quantities.
Force, mass, acceleration
This document discusses key concepts and discoveries in gravity and motion. It explains that Galileo showed that the rate at which objects fall is independent of their mass, as the force of gravity and inertia balance out such that acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects. It then discusses concepts such as air resistance, terminal velocity, free fall, orbits, projectile motion, inertia, and Newton's three laws of motion, including how force equals mass times acceleration according to the second law.
Energy updated
Energy can exist in many forms including kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear. Energy is the ability to do work and can be quantified in joules. It can be transferred from one object or system to another, or converted from one form to another. Common examples of energy conversions include food being broken down into chemical and thermal energy during digestion, light energy being converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis, and electrical energy being transformed into light and sound energy by devices like alarm clocks.
Heat
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle movement. Thermal expansion occurs as temperature increases, as faster particles spread out and increase the object's size. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to differences in temperature, occurring primarily through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conductors readily transfer heat through direct contact, while insulators inhibit heat transfer.
Chemical reactions
This document discusses key concepts in chemical reactions and equations. It defines different types of chemical reactions like single displacement, synthesis, and decomposition reactions. It also explains important laws like the law of conservation of energy and mass. It defines exothermic and endothermic reactions as well as concepts like activation energy, catalysts, and inhibitors. Finally, it provides steps for balancing chemical equations.
Mixtures, solutions, elements, compounds
This document defines and provides examples of mixtures, solutions, suspensions, colloids, and gas mixtures. It explains that mixtures can be separated physically but their compositions are not fixed, while solutions appear homogeneous but are mixtures that dissolve. Suspensions and colloids are mixtures where particles settle or scatter light differently. The document also defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down, and compounds as pure substances formed by chemical combination of elements in specific ratios producing new properties.
States of matter
This document discusses the different states of matter - solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It explains that in solids, particles are close together and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles can slide past each other but the substance takes the shape of its container. Gases have particles that are far apart and expand to fill their container. Changes between these states require the addition or removal of energy. The document provides examples like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation to illustrate changes between solid, liquid, and gas states.
Chap 2 chem & phy properties
Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing a substance's identity, and are used to identify substances. Examples of physical properties include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, conductivity, flexibility, color, and odor. Physical changes alter a substance's form but not its chemical properties, such as boiling, freezing, melting, bending, and dissolving. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions, like flammability and reactivity. Chemical changes produce new substances with different properties.
More from Allyse Fritz (20)
Recently uploaded
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
Injection: Risks and challenges - Injection of CO2 into geological rock forma...
Presentation by Dr. Florian Krob, Workshop "Risks of CO2 storage - How can they be addressed and reduced?", 22.4.2024
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Recently uploaded (20)
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Immunotherapy presentation from clinical immunology
Immunotherapy presentation from clinical immunology
Injection: Risks and challenges - Injection of CO2 into geological rock forma...
Injection: Risks and challenges - Injection of CO2 into geological rock forma...
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Electricity
- 1. Electricity • Charge – a physical property that can be positive or negative • Law of electric charge – like charges repel, opposite charges attract • Force between charged objects if an electric field exist is called electric force • 2 things affect electric force: – Amount of charge – Distance between the charges
- 2. • Electric field is the region around a charged object • An object becomes positively charged when it loses electrons and negatively charged when it gains electrons • Objects become charged by friction, conduction, induction • Friction – when electrons are “wiped” from one object to another (rubbing your hair with a ballon) •
- 3. • Conduction – electrons move from one object to another by contact • Induction – charges in a uncharged metal object are rearranged without direct contact to a charged object • Electrical conductor – material which allows charges to move freely • Electrical insulator – material in which charges can’t move freely
- 4. • Static electricity – electric charge at rest on an object (static – not moving) • Electric discharge - the loss of static electricity as the charge moves off the object • Electric discharges can happen quickly with a flash of light, a shock, or a crackling noise (lightning)
- 5. • Electric current - the rate at which charges pass a given point (units amperes, A) • AC – (alternating current) the charges continually shift direction (plug outlets) • DC – (direct current) the charges always move in the same direction (battery) • Voltage - difference between two points in a circuit (units volts, V) • Voltage is a measure of how much work is needed to move a charge between two points, the higher the voltage, the more energy released per charge (9V, 12V, 120V, 220V)
- 6. • Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charges (units ohms,Ω (R)) • The higher the resistance, the lower the current • Resistance depends on the material, length, thickness and temperature • Superconductor – super cooled material that lowers resistance (magnets)
- 7. • Machines can change one form of energy to another • Thermocouples change thermal energy into electric energy and photocells change light energy to electric energy • Electric circuits are complete closed paths that allows electric charges to flow
- 8. • Three parts to a circuit are: • 1. Energy source (provides electric charge) • 2. Wires (allows charge to flow from point to point) • 3. Load (changes electric energy into other forms of energy) • EX: radio – electrical to sound
- 9. Batteries (power source) Dry Cell Wet Cell
- 10. • Two types of circuits: series and parallel • Series: all parts are connects in a single loop in a one way path • All current must pass through the complete series for circuit to work • Any interruption causes the circuit to fail (Xmas lights) • Useful in burglar alarms
- 11. Series Ciruit
- 12. • Parallel: loads are connected side by side and current can travel on more than one path • When circuit is interrupted, circuit continues to function regardless • Homes are wired on parallel circuits and can have different loads in the circuit
- 13. Parallel Circuit
- 14. • Circuit failures are usually caused by over loads or damage to the structure of the circuit • Fuses and circuit breaks “fail over” and automatically break the circuit to protect circuit and property
- 15. • Electromagnets – temporary magnets that lose their magnetism when electric current is removed • Electricity can produce magnet fields and can cause metals such as iron and steel to act like magnets • Generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using magnets and a coil of wire that creates magnetic fields
- 16. • Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy that is used to do work • EX: motors in house hold appliances like blenders and washing machines