The document discusses key concepts about electrical energy including: - Atoms are made up of a nucleus surrounded by electrons that carry a negative charge. Protons in the nucleus carry a positive charge while neutrons carry no charge. - Static electricity occurs when surfaces rub against each other, transferring electrons between them and building up positive or negative charges. - Electric current involves the flow of electrons along a wire or conductor, which can be measured in amps. Voltage measures the energy supplied by these charges and is measured in volts.

1. www.drecart.com
Electrical Energy
Sarah Jones

2. • All matter is made up of atoms.
• Centre of each atom is a heavy nucleus.
• Surrounding the nucleus is a lot of empty space
and tiny particles called electrons (which are
constantly moving).
• Each electron carries a negative electric charge.
Oxygen Atom

3. • Inside the nucleus are two different particles –
protons and neutrons.
• Protons are much heavier than electrons and
they carry a positive electric charge.
• Neutrons have a similar mass to protons but
carry no electric charge.
sciencewithme.com

4. The positive electric charge of a proton exactly
balances the negative charge of an electron.
Atoms contain an equal number of electrons
and protons.

5. • Any particle or substance that has more
protons than electrons is said to be positively
charged.
• More electrons than protons is said to be
negatively charged.
• Equal amounts of positive and negative charge
is said to be neutral.
Helium Atom

6. Static Electricity
• Is the build up of electric charge on a surface.
• Commonly occurs because of two surfaces
rubbing against each other.
homeschooljabber.blogspot.com

7. The electrons are rubbed off one surface –
charging is positive – and are transferred to the
other surface – charging it negative.
www.aapt.org

8. Current Electricity
• Power from batteries and power points is
made up of electrons moving along a wire –
electric current.
• The energy from the moving electrons is
transformed into other forms of energy such
as heat and movement.
www.nmsea.org

9. Measuring Electricity
• Electric Current – when charge flows (measured
using a ammeter).
• Unit used to measure current is ampere/amps (A).
• Voltage – measure of the amount of energy
supplied and used by the charges.
• Unit used to measure voltage is volts (V).
wps.pearsoned.ca

10. • Supply Voltage – Australia 240V
• Some household items use transformers.
• A step-down transformer reduces 240V to the
amount required by an appliance.

11. Batteries
• Portable electrical energy.
• Wet Cell – two electrodes placed in a liquid
electrolyte i.e. conducts electricity.
• Dry Cell – used in torches, toys etc. don’t leak
because they use paste instead of liquid.
• Photovoltaic Cells – solar cell.

12. • Resistance – when electrons pass along wires
their path is restricted by the atoms that make
up the wires.
• A measure of how difficult it is for an electric
current to flow.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/resistors

13. Conductors and Insulators
• Conductors - materials with little
resistance to the flow of electric charge
(e.g. copper wires used in most electric
circuits).
• Little energy is needed for electric charge
to flow through conductors.
• Most metals are very good conductors of
electricity.

14. • Insulators - materials with a lot of resistance
to the flow of electric charge
• Allow very little or no electric current through
e.g. air, rubber and plastic.

15. Circuit Diagrams
Circuit diagrams are universal so they can be
used all over the world.

16. Series Circuit
• A string of Christmas tree lights are all connected
to the same power supply.
• If you remove a single light the rest of the lights
will go off.
• This is because the lights are connected in series.

17. Parallel Circuit
The ceiling lights in most homes need to be
connected together so that if one light globe or
tube stops working, the others remain on – this
requires a parallel circuit.