History of cells
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Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1655 after observing cork through a microscope. He described them as "little boxes" or "little rooms". Rudolf Virchow and Matthias Schleidan/Theodor Swann collaborated to establish the Cell Theory, which states that (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells (2) cells are the basic unit of living things and (3) cells only come from preexisting cells. Cells remain small because surface area to volume ratios limit their growth to efficiently exchange materials.
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History of Cells Notes
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1665 after observing cork through a microscope and describing its structure as "little boxes" or "little rooms". The Cell Theory, formulated in the 19th century, states that (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Rudolf Virchow contributed the third part of the Cell Theory.
1. cell theory
The document discusses the early discoveries around cell theory. It describes several scientists' contributions: Robert Hooke observed tiny compartments in cork under a microscope in 1665 and named them cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed red blood cells, sperm cells, and single-celled organisms using microscopes. Robert Brown discovered the cell nucleus in 1831 and studied Brownian motion. Matthias Schleiden stated in 1838 that plants are composed of cells, while Theodor Schwann later concluded the same for animals. Their joint work formed the basis of the first cell theory - that all living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cell theory
The cell theory states that (1) the cell is the basic unit of life, (2) all living things are made of cells, and (3) cells come from pre-existing cells. Key scientists who contributed to the development of the cell theory include Anton van Leeuwenhoek who first observed bacteria and cells under a microscope, Robert Hooke who observed "cells" in cork, Theodor Schwann and Matthais Schleiden who stated that all living things are made of cells, and Rudolph Virchow who discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Life Is Cellular
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. In the 17th-18th centuries, advances in microscope technology allowed scientists like Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek to observe cells. In 1838, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The Cell Theory was a major unifying concept in biology and changed views of life by introducing a more materialistic, reductionist perspective.
Cell theory
The development of the cell theory involved contributions from several scientists using microscopes. Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork through a microscope in 1665 and coined the term "cell". Anton van Leeuwenhoek later discovered single-celled organisms which he called "animalcules" while examining pond water with a microscope. In the 1830s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann concluded that plants and animals, respectively, are composed of cells. Their work established that cells are the fundamental unit of all living things.
2.0 the cell theory UEC Senior 1 Biology 独中高一生物
The document summarizes the key points of the cell theory, which are: (1) All living things are made up of cells, (2) Cells are the smallest units that make up living things, and (3) All new cells are formed when existing cells divide. It provides some historical context, including Robert Hooke's early microscope observations of cork cells in the 1600s and Virchow's later illustrations of cells in the 1800s, which helped establish the understanding that cells are the fundamental unit of life.
living things & cell theory
Living beings have 7 main characteristics:
1. They are composed of cells, which can be single-celled or multicellular.
2. They have a chemical composition and are highly organized from primary bioelements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
3. Living things use energy, either producing their own through photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming organic molecules (heterotrophs).
This summarizes the key points about the characteristics of living beings according to the document.
Cell Theory
The document discusses cell theory, which has three main tenets: 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) The cell is the basic unit of life, and 3) All cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the early discoveries of cells by Hooke, van Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the development of cell theory. It also briefly explains different types of microscopes used to study cells, such as compound, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes.
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History of Cells Notes
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1665 after observing cork through a microscope and describing its structure as "little boxes" or "little rooms". The Cell Theory, formulated in the 19th century, states that (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Rudolf Virchow contributed the third part of the Cell Theory.
1. cell theory
The document discusses the early discoveries around cell theory. It describes several scientists' contributions: Robert Hooke observed tiny compartments in cork under a microscope in 1665 and named them cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed red blood cells, sperm cells, and single-celled organisms using microscopes. Robert Brown discovered the cell nucleus in 1831 and studied Brownian motion. Matthias Schleiden stated in 1838 that plants are composed of cells, while Theodor Schwann later concluded the same for animals. Their joint work formed the basis of the first cell theory - that all living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cell theory
The cell theory states that (1) the cell is the basic unit of life, (2) all living things are made of cells, and (3) cells come from pre-existing cells. Key scientists who contributed to the development of the cell theory include Anton van Leeuwenhoek who first observed bacteria and cells under a microscope, Robert Hooke who observed "cells" in cork, Theodor Schwann and Matthais Schleiden who stated that all living things are made of cells, and Rudolph Virchow who discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Life Is Cellular
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. In the 17th-18th centuries, advances in microscope technology allowed scientists like Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek to observe cells. In 1838, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The Cell Theory was a major unifying concept in biology and changed views of life by introducing a more materialistic, reductionist perspective.
Cell theory
The development of the cell theory involved contributions from several scientists using microscopes. Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork through a microscope in 1665 and coined the term "cell". Anton van Leeuwenhoek later discovered single-celled organisms which he called "animalcules" while examining pond water with a microscope. In the 1830s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann concluded that plants and animals, respectively, are composed of cells. Their work established that cells are the fundamental unit of all living things.
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The document summarizes the key points of the cell theory, which are: (1) All living things are made up of cells, (2) Cells are the smallest units that make up living things, and (3) All new cells are formed when existing cells divide. It provides some historical context, including Robert Hooke's early microscope observations of cork cells in the 1600s and Virchow's later illustrations of cells in the 1800s, which helped establish the understanding that cells are the fundamental unit of life.
living things & cell theory
Living beings have 7 main characteristics:
1. They are composed of cells, which can be single-celled or multicellular.
2. They have a chemical composition and are highly organized from primary bioelements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
3. Living things use energy, either producing their own through photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming organic molecules (heterotrophs).
This summarizes the key points about the characteristics of living beings according to the document.
Cell Theory
The document discusses cell theory, which has three main tenets: 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) The cell is the basic unit of life, and 3) All cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the early discoveries of cells by Hooke, van Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the development of cell theory. It also briefly explains different types of microscopes used to study cells, such as compound, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes.
History of cells
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1665 after observing cork under a microscope. He described them as "little boxes" or "little rooms". Almost 200 years later, Matthias Schleidan and Theodor Swann concluded that all plants and animals respectively are made up of cells. They along with Rudolf Vichrow wrote the three part Cell Theory: (1) all organisms are made of cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of life, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells.
The Cell Theory
The Cell Theory states that:
1) All living things are made of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
The cell theory
This document outlines the key events in the discovery of cells and the development of the cell theory. It describes Robert Hooke observing cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek creating powerful microscopes to view cells in 1673, Robert Brown discovering the nucleus in 1827-33, Matthias Schleiden concluding that plants are made of cells in 1838, Theodor Schwann concluding that animals are made of cells in 1839, and Rudolph Virchow formulating the cell theory that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1855. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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1. The document discusses the history of cell theory and microscopy. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed single-celled organisms using microscopes in the 1600s. Robert Hooke observed cell structures in cork in 1665.
2. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to cell theory in the 1830s-1840s. Schleiden concluded plants are made of cells. Schwann concluded animal tissues are made of cells. Rudolf Virchow concluded in 1858 that all cells come from other cells.
3. The basic principles of cell theory are that all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells come from pre
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1) Hans Janssen and Zacharias Janssen invented the compound microscope in the 1590s, enabling the first observations of cells.
2) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining cork under a microscope.
3) Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann established in 1838 that cells are the fundamental unit of structure for both plants and animals.
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The microscope enabled the discovery that all living things are made of cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to observe box-shaped structures in cork that he called "cells". In the late 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used an improved microscope to observe living organisms in pond water and milk. Over subsequent decades, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed observations that led to the accepted Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, and cells come from pre-existing cells. More advanced microscopes like electron microscopes have since allowed scientists to study cells in even greater detail.
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
This document provides information about cells, including:
- All cells must have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA according to the cell theory.
- Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei, while eukaryotic cells have these structures.
- Bacteria are the most common prokaryotes and can be spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral; archaea differ from bacteria in their ribosomes and cell structures.
The cell-theory
The document summarizes the history and key concepts of cell theory. It describes how early microscopists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Brown discovered key cell structures and components. In 1838, Schleiden concluded that plants are made of cells, and in 1839, Schwann concluded the same for animals, laying the foundations for cell theory. Virchow later established that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. The modern cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells. The document also discusses cell size, shape, types (prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic), and some of the
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The document discusses the key characteristics of cells. It explains that cells were first discovered after the invention of the microscope in the 1600s. It then discusses early scientists like Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, and Theodor Schwann and their contributions to cell discovery and the formulation of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all organisms are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells. The document also outlines the basic components of cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and genetic material.
Cell History
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
Cell history
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow established the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
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Cell biology studies the fundamental unit of life, the cell. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which lack organelles and a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells, which have organelles and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Cells have several organelles that allow them to carry out functions necessary for life.
Cell theory
The document outlines the key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It states that the cell theory proposes that all living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells. It identifies the two main types of cells as prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms without a nucleus, and eukaryotes, which are multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as plant and animal cells.
Cell Theory
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
Lesson 1 discovering the cell
The document discusses the history of the discovery of cells. It explains that in the 17th century, Robert Hooke first observed plant cells under a microscope and coined the term "cell". In the early 19th century, scientists in Germany developed the cell theory, which states that (1) all living things are made up of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of living things, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells. The document then provides examples of cell sizes and discusses the invention of the electron microscope in the 20th century, which allowed scientists to observe cells in greater detail.
History of Cell biology.pptx
- Cell biology began with ancient Greek philosophers observing common structures in plants and animals in the 4th century BC.
- Advances in microscope technology in the 16th-18th centuries allowed scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Malpighi to observe cells directly for the first time.
- In 1838, Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells, and in 1839, Schwann extended this to animals, establishing the foundations of the cell theory.
Cell theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure and life. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when examining cork under a microscope. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of similar basic units called cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and all living things have similar chemical components. The modern cell theory includes that organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and cells reproduce through division of pre-existing cells.
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1. The document outlines the timeline and key contributors to the development of the cell theory. It describes the work of early scientists like Aristotle, Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann who provided evidence that all living things are made up of cells.
2. Key developments included Hooke observing "cells" in cork in 1665 using an early microscope, and the work of Schleiden and Schwann in the 1830s demonstrating that plants and animals are composed of cells.
3. The cell theory was fully established in 1858 by Rudolf Virchow, who stated that new cells only arise from pre-existing cells, completing the three main principles of the cell theory.
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How does evolution happen
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed that organisms vary individually, and traits better suited to the local environment help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully. Over generations, this leads to evolution of species as adaptations arise in response to environmental pressures like availability of food sources. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur through natural selection acting on inherited variation between organisms in every generation.
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History of cells
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1665 after observing cork under a microscope. He described them as "little boxes" or "little rooms". Almost 200 years later, Matthias Schleidan and Theodor Swann concluded that all plants and animals respectively are made up of cells. They along with Rudolf Vichrow wrote the three part Cell Theory: (1) all organisms are made of cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of life, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells.
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The Cell Theory states that:
1) All living things are made of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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This document outlines the key events in the discovery of cells and the development of the cell theory. It describes Robert Hooke observing cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek creating powerful microscopes to view cells in 1673, Robert Brown discovering the nucleus in 1827-33, Matthias Schleiden concluding that plants are made of cells in 1838, Theodor Schwann concluding that animals are made of cells in 1839, and Rudolph Virchow formulating the cell theory that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1855. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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1. The document discusses the history of cell theory and microscopy. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed single-celled organisms using microscopes in the 1600s. Robert Hooke observed cell structures in cork in 1665.
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Unit 3 - 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
The microscope enabled the discovery that all living things are made of cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to observe box-shaped structures in cork that he called "cells". In the late 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used an improved microscope to observe living organisms in pond water and milk. Over subsequent decades, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed observations that led to the accepted Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, and cells come from pre-existing cells. More advanced microscopes like electron microscopes have since allowed scientists to study cells in even greater detail.
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This document provides information about cells, including:
- All cells must have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA according to the cell theory.
- Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei, while eukaryotic cells have these structures.
- Bacteria are the most common prokaryotes and can be spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral; archaea differ from bacteria in their ribosomes and cell structures.
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The document summarizes the history and key concepts of cell theory. It describes how early microscopists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Brown discovered key cell structures and components. In 1838, Schleiden concluded that plants are made of cells, and in 1839, Schwann concluded the same for animals, laying the foundations for cell theory. Virchow later established that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. The modern cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells. The document also discusses cell size, shape, types (prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic), and some of the
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The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
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The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
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The document outlines the key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It states that the cell theory proposes that all living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells. It identifies the two main types of cells as prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms without a nucleus, and eukaryotes, which are multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as plant and animal cells.
Cell Theory
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
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The document discusses the history of the discovery of cells. It explains that in the 17th century, Robert Hooke first observed plant cells under a microscope and coined the term "cell". In the early 19th century, scientists in Germany developed the cell theory, which states that (1) all living things are made up of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of living things, and (3) all cells come from preexisting cells. The document then provides examples of cell sizes and discusses the invention of the electron microscope in the 20th century, which allowed scientists to observe cells in greater detail.
History of Cell biology.pptx
- Cell biology began with ancient Greek philosophers observing common structures in plants and animals in the 4th century BC.
- Advances in microscope technology in the 16th-18th centuries allowed scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Malpighi to observe cells directly for the first time.
- In 1838, Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells, and in 1839, Schwann extended this to animals, establishing the foundations of the cell theory.
Cell theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure and life. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when examining cork under a microscope. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of similar basic units called cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and all living things have similar chemical components. The modern cell theory includes that organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and cells reproduce through division of pre-existing cells.
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2. Key developments included Hooke observing "cells" in cork in 1665 using an early microscope, and the work of Schleiden and Schwann in the 1830s demonstrating that plants and animals are composed of cells.
3. The cell theory was fully established in 1858 by Rudolf Virchow, who stated that new cells only arise from pre-existing cells, completing the three main principles of the cell theory.
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The document summarizes the cell cycle and cell division in eukaryotic cells. It discusses that (1) the cell cycle involves copying DNA and organelles before the cell divides, (2) mitosis is the process where the cell separates its chromosomes and splits into two identical daughter cells, and (3) the stages of mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis where the cell membrane pinches the cell into two daughter cells each with their own nucleus.
Cell energy
Cells get energy from food through cellular respiration or fermentation. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight and converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose, which plants use for energy and animals obtain by eating plants. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy, using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide. When oxygen is scarce, cells use fermentation to break down glucose without oxygen.
Cell organelles
This document summarizes the key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as the outer boundary that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves. It notes that plant cells also contain a cell wall made of cellulose that provides protection and support. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The cytoplasm and organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts carry out specialized functions like protein production, packaging and transport of materials, energy production, storage, and waste digestion.
Char of lv things & necess of life
This document discusses the characteristics of living things and the necessities of life. It outlines 6 key characteristics that define living things: 1) cells, 2) sensing and responding to stimuli, 3) reproduction, 4) DNA, 5) using energy, and 6) growth and development. It also identifies 4 necessities required for life: water, air, food, and shelter. The document then provides further details on homeostasis, types of reproduction, DNA's role in heredity and cell function, and the 5 basic building blocks of cells: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids.
Scientific method & variables
The document discusses the scientific method, which is a process used to answer questions about the world through experiments and observations. It involves identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis, designing and conducting an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Key parts of the scientific method include formulating hypotheses, identifying independent, dependent, and controlled variables, developing procedures, and organizing and presenting results. The document provides examples of experiments and identifies the variables involved.
Measurements and metrics notes 10 11
The document discusses measurements and metrics. It provides background on ancient measurement systems based on body parts and food grains. It then introduces the modern Metric System devised in the late 18th century to have a single, unified, decimal-based system used worldwide. Key advantages of the metric system are its use of powers of 10 for easy conversions, standardized prefixes, and widespread international use compared to other systems like English units.
Electricity (1)
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits, where current is the flow of electric charge. Circuits have an energy source, wires to conduct current, and a load to use the energy. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause objects to accelerate if the net force is unbalanced. The document also provides formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time and notes the units used to measure and relate these physical quantities.
Force, mass, acceleration
This document discusses key concepts and discoveries in gravity and motion. It explains that Galileo showed that the rate at which objects fall is independent of their mass, as the force of gravity and inertia balance out such that acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects. It then discusses concepts such as air resistance, terminal velocity, free fall, orbits, projectile motion, inertia, and Newton's three laws of motion, including how force equals mass times acceleration according to the second law.
Energy updated
Energy can exist in many forms including kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear. Energy is the ability to do work and can be quantified in joules. It can be transferred from one object or system to another, or converted from one form to another. Common examples of energy conversions include food being broken down into chemical and thermal energy during digestion, light energy being converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis, and electrical energy being transformed into light and sound energy by devices like alarm clocks.
Heat
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle movement. Thermal expansion occurs as temperature increases, as faster particles spread out and increase the object's size. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to differences in temperature, occurring primarily through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conductors readily transfer heat through direct contact, while insulators inhibit heat transfer.
Chemical reactions
This document discusses key concepts in chemical reactions and equations. It defines different types of chemical reactions like single displacement, synthesis, and decomposition reactions. It also explains important laws like the law of conservation of energy and mass. It defines exothermic and endothermic reactions as well as concepts like activation energy, catalysts, and inhibitors. Finally, it provides steps for balancing chemical equations.
Mixtures, solutions, elements, compounds
This document defines and provides examples of mixtures, solutions, suspensions, colloids, and gas mixtures. It explains that mixtures can be separated physically but their compositions are not fixed, while solutions appear homogeneous but are mixtures that dissolve. Suspensions and colloids are mixtures where particles settle or scatter light differently. The document also defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down, and compounds as pure substances formed by chemical combination of elements in specific ratios producing new properties.
States of matter
This document discusses the different states of matter - solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It explains that in solids, particles are close together and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles can slide past each other but the substance takes the shape of its container. Gases have particles that are far apart and expand to fill their container. Changes between these states require the addition or removal of energy. The document provides examples like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation to illustrate changes between solid, liquid, and gas states.
Chap 2 chem & phy properties
Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing a substance's identity, and are used to identify substances. Examples of physical properties include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, conductivity, flexibility, color, and odor. Physical changes alter a substance's form but not its chemical properties, such as boiling, freezing, melting, bending, and dissolving. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions, like flammability and reactivity. Chemical changes produce new substances with different properties.
More from Allyse Fritz (20)
Recently uploaded
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
History of cells
- 1. The Basic Units of Life
- 2. Cells were not discovered until the mid-1600’s when microscopes were invented. Robert Hooke: first man to describe cells He looked at a slice of cork He described it as “ little boxes” or “little rooms”
- 3. He described plant cells as “juicy”, which meant that they were living He discovered that animal cells do not have a cell wall like plant cells do.
- 4. Anton van Leewenhoek: made his own microscope to look at pond scum Saw little organisms that we now call protists Discovered differences in blood cells Discovered that yeast were unicellular organisms
- 5. Almost 200 years passed before scientists realized that cells were present in ALL living things! Matthias Schleidan: Concluded that all plants were made of cells Theodor Swann: Concluded that all animals were made of cells
- 6. Wrote the first two parts of the cell theory, which is: (1) All organisms are made up of one or more cells (2) The cell is the basic unit of all living things *Rudolf Virchow: Wrote 3rd part of Cell Theory, which is: (3) All cells come from existing cells Watch Cell Theory here!
- 7. Cell Size: Example of large cell: yolk of chicken egg Most cells are SMALL. There are reasons why: (1) Allows the cell to get rid of less food and wastes (2) As the volume of the cell increases, its surface area grows (3) The volume and surface area of the cell limit the size that the cell can be. (4) We calculate this by finding the surface area-to-volume ratio
- 8. RATIO = surface area / volume Example: Step 1: Find surface area of cube (# of sides x area of cube) If sides of cube measure 2 cm, then surface area = 6 x (2 cm x 2 cm) Surface area of cube = 24 cm2
- 9. Step 2: Find volume of a cube (side x side x side) Volume = 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm Volume of cube = 8 cm3 Put numbers into equation: 24 = 3: 1 8 “three to one ratio” *The larger the cell, the smaller the surface area to volume ratio!
- 10. Two Kinds of Cells Prokaryotes: single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus PRO = NO (NUCLEUS) *no membrane-bound organelles *Smaller in size *Examples: Eubacteria and Archabacteria *They do contain cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane
- 11. Eukaryotes: single or multicellular organisms that DO contain a nucleus *Have membrane-bound organelles *Most are larger in size, but still require a microscope to see *Examples: protists, fungi, plants, and animals *They do contain cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane
- 16. 1. Who was the first person to describe cells? 2. Which 2 scientists wrote the Cell Theory? 3. Why do cells not grow in size?
- 17. What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?
- 18. 1) All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2) The cell is the basic unit of all living things 3) All cells come from existing cells