1. Acids
• Most acids start with the element H, hydrogen
– EX: HCl (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
• Any compound that increases the number of
hydronium ions, (H+
), when dissolved in water is
an acid
2. Properties
• NEVER TASTE, SMELL OR TOUCH
ACIDS
• Has sour taste (think vinegar or lemons)
• Corrosive – destroys body tissue, clothing
and other materials
• React with some metals to produce
hydrogen gas
• Conduct electricity
• Most widely made acid H2SO4
3. • Common uses of acids
• Make paper
• Paint
• Detergents
• Fertilizer
• HCl common uses
• Separating metals
• Swimming pools to stop algae
4. Bases
• Most bases end with OH-
, a hydroxide ion,
when dissolved in water
• NEVER TASTE, SMELL OR TOUCH
BASE
• Has bitter taste and slippery feel (think
soap)
• Corrosive properties
• Conducts electric current
5. • Commons uses of bases
– Make soap
– Make paper
– Oven cleaner
– Drain cleaner
– Household cleaners (windex, ammonia)
– Antacids (treat heartburn – rolaids or tums)
6. Strong -vs- Weak Acids
• Strong acids will have additional Hydrogen
(H+
) molecules in the compound
• All of the Hydrogen molecules break apart
when dissolved in water
7. Strong -vs- Weak base
• Strong bases will have additional
hydroxide (OH-
), molecules in the
compound
• All of the molecules of a base break apart
when dissolved in water and produce
hydroxide ions
8. Salts
• Large group of compounds with similar
properties (usually formed with elements in
group 17, halogens)
• Neutralization reaction - a reaction between an
acid and a base, salt and water are produced
• NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Base + Acid → Salt + water
9. • Indicators are use to identify acids and
bases – litmus paper
• pH scale is used to determine if an acid or
base is strong or weak (compared to other
acids and bases) REMEMBER ALL
ACIDS AND BASES ARE DANGEROUS
• 7 on the pH scale is neutral (H2O)
• Bases have a pH greater than 7
• Acids have a pH less than 7.
