This document discusses crystal structures, including periodic arrays of atoms, fundamental lattice types, crystal planes indexed using Miller indices, and imaging atomic structures. It covers common lattice types like simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic. Simple crystal structures presented include sodium chloride, cesium chloride, diamond, and zinc sulfide. Non-ideal crystal structures can involve random stacking or polytypism with long repeat units along stacking axes.

13. The separation between adjacent planes in a cubic crystal is given by: The angle between planes is given by:

15. 1.5 Imaging of Atomic Structure The direct imaging of lattices is accomplished with TEM. One can see, for example, the density of atoms along different crystalographic directions.