quasicrystal.pptx
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This document summarizes a seminar on quasicrystals. It begins with an introduction distinguishing crystals and amorphous solids. It then discusses the discovery of quasicrystals by Dan Shechtman in 1984 in an alloy exhibiting forbidden 5-fold symmetry. Quasicrystals have long-range atomic order like crystals but lack 3D translational symmetry. They exhibit properties intermediate between crystals and amorphous solids. Methods to prepare quasicrystals include rapid solidification. Potential applications include non-stick coatings, surgical instruments, and hydrogen storage.
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Recommended
An Introduction to QUASICRYSTALS, by Mr.Govahi
*Contents
~Introduction (Solid State Physics, Crystallography)
~Discovery of Impossible Crystals (QCs)
~The Unique Structure
~Producing Methods
~Properties of QCs
~Applications of QCs
~Islamic Medieval Tiling & Discovery of Natural QCs
~References
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi, Apr 2015, Semnan PN Univeristy
Mentor: Dr. Kazem Tahmasebi
quasicrystals
This document discusses the definition of quasicrystals. It argues that quasicrystals should not be defined by requiring forbidden symmetry, but simply as quasiperiodic crystals. Quasicrystals have long-range order without periodicity, producing discrete diffraction patterns. Experimentally observed quasicrystals display various symmetries, including some like cubic that are allowed in periodic crystals. The definition of crystal includes any solid with discrete diffraction, not requiring periodicity. Therefore, all quasiperiodic crystals observed to date should be considered quasicrystals regardless of symmetry.
crystalstructure
The document provides information on crystal structures including:
- Crystalline solids have atoms arranged in an orderly, periodic manner while amorphous solids do not.
- Dense, regularly packed structures have lower energy than non-dense, randomly packed structures.
- A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that defines the lattice structure. There are 14 possible Bravais lattice structures.
- Common crystal structures for metals include body centered cubic (BCC), face centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close packed (HCP).
- Properties of unit cells include the number of atoms, effective number of atoms, coordination number, and atomic packing factor.
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This document provides information on crystal structures, including definitions of key terms like crystal structure, lattice, basis, unit cell, and Miller indices. It discusses different types of crystal structures like simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic. Methods for analyzing crystal structures like X-ray diffraction and reciprocal lattices are also summarized. Examples are provided of real crystal structures like NaCl, CsCl, and GaAs to illustrate FCC, simple cubic, and zincblende structures.
Crystal systems
There are four basic atomic arrangements that determine the properties of metals: simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed. The atomic packing factor, which represents the fraction of unit cell volume occupied by atoms, increases in the order of simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic structures. Face-centered cubic has the highest atomic packing factor of 0.74 and is therefore the most dense arrangement. Different metallic crystal structures can explain variations in density and other material properties between metals.
Materials Characterization Technique Lecture Notes
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Monoatomic Lattice Vibrations.pptx
Monoatomic lattice vibrations are elastic vibrations produced in a lattice with only one kind of atoms arranged in a 1D chain. This is an important first topic in the chapter of Phonon Theory in any Solid State Physics textbook. Understanding the physics behind it enables students to then make the conceptual leap to Diatomic lattice vibrations in which Acoustic and Optical branches come into the picture.
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The document discusses several techniques for growing single crystals, which are important for measuring anisotropic properties and fabricating devices. The Czochralski technique involves pulling a crystal seed from a melt held just above its melting point to form a single crystal. The Bridgman and Stockbarger techniques use controlled solidification of a melt within a temperature gradient furnace. Zone melting involves melting a small region of a sample to purify it as impurities concentrate in the liquid. The Verneuil technique grows crystals by melting and solidifying powder precursors in an oxygen-hydrogen flame.
Recommended
An Introduction to QUASICRYSTALS, by Mr.Govahi
*Contents
~Introduction (Solid State Physics, Crystallography)
~Discovery of Impossible Crystals (QCs)
~The Unique Structure
~Producing Methods
~Properties of QCs
~Applications of QCs
~Islamic Medieval Tiling & Discovery of Natural QCs
~References
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi, Apr 2015, Semnan PN Univeristy
Mentor: Dr. Kazem Tahmasebi
quasicrystals
This document discusses the definition of quasicrystals. It argues that quasicrystals should not be defined by requiring forbidden symmetry, but simply as quasiperiodic crystals. Quasicrystals have long-range order without periodicity, producing discrete diffraction patterns. Experimentally observed quasicrystals display various symmetries, including some like cubic that are allowed in periodic crystals. The definition of crystal includes any solid with discrete diffraction, not requiring periodicity. Therefore, all quasiperiodic crystals observed to date should be considered quasicrystals regardless of symmetry.
crystalstructure
The document provides information on crystal structures including:
- Crystalline solids have atoms arranged in an orderly, periodic manner while amorphous solids do not.
- Dense, regularly packed structures have lower energy than non-dense, randomly packed structures.
- A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that defines the lattice structure. There are 14 possible Bravais lattice structures.
- Common crystal structures for metals include body centered cubic (BCC), face centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close packed (HCP).
- Properties of unit cells include the number of atoms, effective number of atoms, coordination number, and atomic packing factor.
Crystal structure
This document provides information on crystal structures, including definitions of key terms like crystal structure, lattice, basis, unit cell, and Miller indices. It discusses different types of crystal structures like simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic. Methods for analyzing crystal structures like X-ray diffraction and reciprocal lattices are also summarized. Examples are provided of real crystal structures like NaCl, CsCl, and GaAs to illustrate FCC, simple cubic, and zincblende structures.
Crystal systems
There are four basic atomic arrangements that determine the properties of metals: simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed. The atomic packing factor, which represents the fraction of unit cell volume occupied by atoms, increases in the order of simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic structures. Face-centered cubic has the highest atomic packing factor of 0.74 and is therefore the most dense arrangement. Different metallic crystal structures can explain variations in density and other material properties between metals.
Materials Characterization Technique Lecture Notes
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
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Monoatomic lattice vibrations are elastic vibrations produced in a lattice with only one kind of atoms arranged in a 1D chain. This is an important first topic in the chapter of Phonon Theory in any Solid State Physics textbook. Understanding the physics behind it enables students to then make the conceptual leap to Diatomic lattice vibrations in which Acoustic and Optical branches come into the picture.
Growth of single crystals
The document discusses several techniques for growing single crystals, which are important for measuring anisotropic properties and fabricating devices. The Czochralski technique involves pulling a crystal seed from a melt held just above its melting point to form a single crystal. The Bridgman and Stockbarger techniques use controlled solidification of a melt within a temperature gradient furnace. Zone melting involves melting a small region of a sample to purify it as impurities concentrate in the liquid. The Verneuil technique grows crystals by melting and solidifying powder precursors in an oxygen-hydrogen flame.
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Here are the definitions and differences you asked for:
Short range order - Atoms are arranged in a disordered manner within a small region but this arrangement does not extend over long distances.
Anisotropic - A material whose physical properties vary with the direction of measurement.
Unit cell - The smallest repeating unit that constructs the entire crystal by translation.
Voids - Empty spaces between closely packed spheres in crystal structures. There are two types - octahedral and tetrahedral voids.
Impurity defect - Occurs when an atom of one element replaces an atom of the host element in its normal lattice position.
Monoclinic - Unit cell with two axes at 90 degrees and one axis not at 90 degrees
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quasicrystal.pptx
- 1. A Seminar On “Quasicrystals” Presented By: Premananda Marndi B.Sc. Chemistry 3rd yr. Class Roll No: BS19-808 Exam Roll No: IB2219066 Under the supervision of: Dr. Gobinda Ch. Behera MPC Auto. College Takhatpur, Bpd., Mbj.
- 3. Introduction • Classical view of solid-state Two types of solid states I. Crystalline II. Amorphous Structure
- 4. According to Crystallography Crystals occur with Long range order Holding a lattice which contains the atoms, ions or molecules with translational periodicity 1,2,3,4 and 6-fold rotational symmetries 5 ,7 and higher fold symmetries are forbidden
- 5. Discovery of quasicrystal Dan Shechtman, Philip Tobias Prof. Nobel prize, Chemistry 2011 In 1984, he first discovered a regular dodecahedron pattern, but was not allowed in crystallography and many crystallographers were not convinced. Prof. Psai prepared an alloy of Al and Mn ; (Al6Mn) with this pattern.
- 6. ‘Quasi’- resembling /pretending to be Quasicrystal: resembling or pretending to be crystal Quasicrystals are materials with long range order, but with no 3D translation symmetry They are typically binary or tertiary metallic aloys Some of their properties are similar to crystal and some have similarities with amorphous It is also called quasiperiodic crystal.
- 7. Structure Prof. Dan Shechtman claimed that he has observed an dodecahedron single grain with 5-fold symmetry The ratio of distances between the central and other spots is the Fibonacci no. known as golden mean Atomic positions are ordered, but with rotational symmetries e.g. 5,8,10 or 12-fold which are forbidden in crystal
- 8. Physical properties • Properties are intermediate between crystalline and amorphous alloys. • The alloys are harder than the individual components, are brittle. • Have a very low co-efficient of friction (non-stick) ->They have a very low surface tension • Low electrical and thermal conductivity • Resistant to oxidation and corrosion
- 9. Preparation • Rapid solidification (Melt spinning) • Conventional Casting • Multi-layer deposition • Mechanical alloying (Ball milling) • Laser and electron melting method
- 10. Applications Surface non-stick coating and thin film ->Coatings of AlCuFe is deposited at high tempr. Surgical instruments Hydrogen storage ->TiZrNi can store a prodigious amount of hydgen. Heat insulation Protection against corrosion and oxidation Catalysis
- 11. New definition for crystal “…….By crystal we mean any solid having an essentially discrete diffraction diagram, and by aperiodic crystal we mean any crystal in which three-dimentional lattice periodicity can be considered to be absent.” Solid state: 1. Crystalline 2. Quasicrystal 3. Amorphous Material Ordered Periodic Crystal Quasicrystal ꭓ Amorphous ꭓ ꭓ