- Water is a polar solvent due to its molecular structure, with oxygen having a partial negative charge and hydrogen having partial positive charges. This allows it to dissolve ionic compounds by interacting with and separating the ions.
- Ionic compounds dissolve to varying degrees in water depending on how strongly the ions are attracted to each other versus water molecules. Solubility can be measured in g/L.
- Acids donate H+ ions in water and are classified as strong or weak based on how completely they ionize. Their strength affects pH calculations. Bases accept H+ and similarly ionize more or less completely.
Acids are divided into two categories based on the ease with which they can donate protons to the solvent: i) strong acids and ii) weak acids
Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. The reaction of an acid with its solvent (typically H2O) is called an acid dissociation reaction.
Weak acids are acids that dissociate partially in water. The extent of dissociation is given by the equilibrium constant.
Note:
A measure of the relative strength of an acid is: i) the equilibrium constant ka of the dissociation reaction of the acid in water (depends on temperature) ii) the degree of dissociation α of the acid in water (depends on the concentration of the acid an on temperature).
An acid is any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts.
Salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of cations and anions.
Acids are divided into two categories based on the ease with which they can donate protons to the solvent: i) strong acids and ii) weak acids
Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. The reaction of an acid with its solvent (typically H2O) is called an acid dissociation reaction.
Weak acids are acids that dissociate partially in water. The extent of dissociation is given by the equilibrium constant.
Note:
A measure of the relative strength of an acid is: i) the equilibrium constant ka of the dissociation reaction of the acid in water (depends on temperature) ii) the degree of dissociation α of the acid in water (depends on the concentration of the acid an on temperature).
An acid is any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts.
Salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of cations and anions.
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement.
Soluion and colligative propertries 2017nysa tutorial
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
Introduction
History
Acid & Base
Ionization of water
Definitions of pH
(1) Mathematical Definition
(2) pH
(3) pOH
Buffer solution
(1) Types
(2) Buffer action
(3) Biological buffer systems
Henderson – Hasselbalch Equation
Measurement of pH
(1) pH Scale
(2) pH indicators
(3) pH meter
pH in human body and nature
Importance
Conclusion
Reference
This is a summary of the topic "Carboxylic Acids" in the GCE O levels subject: Chemistry. Students taking pure chemistry will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
I Briefly described the uses of solvents and solutions. I have made four groups ( Uses of solvents and solution in homes, uses of solvents and solutions in agriculture, uses of solvents and solutions in industries, uses of solvents and solutions in medicine.) That is all for now, I hope it helps you in your exams!
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement.
Soluion and colligative propertries 2017nysa tutorial
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
Introduction
History
Acid & Base
Ionization of water
Definitions of pH
(1) Mathematical Definition
(2) pH
(3) pOH
Buffer solution
(1) Types
(2) Buffer action
(3) Biological buffer systems
Henderson – Hasselbalch Equation
Measurement of pH
(1) pH Scale
(2) pH indicators
(3) pH meter
pH in human body and nature
Importance
Conclusion
Reference
This is a summary of the topic "Carboxylic Acids" in the GCE O levels subject: Chemistry. Students taking pure chemistry will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
I Briefly described the uses of solvents and solutions. I have made four groups ( Uses of solvents and solution in homes, uses of solvents and solutions in agriculture, uses of solvents and solutions in industries, uses of solvents and solutions in medicine.) That is all for now, I hope it helps you in your exams!
Introduces the concepts involved in predicting whether substances are soluble or insoluble. Precipitation (exchange) reactions are also discussed, along with ionic equations and net ionic equations. General Chemistry
Outlines an experiment used to determine the formula of a common hydrate.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
A neutralization reaction is a reaction that takes place between an acid and a base As acids and bases react, they produce salt and water as byproducts During the process, energy also gets created The neutralization reaction s general equation is as follows Acid Base → Salt Water
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