The document discusses the Copy File (COP) and File Fill (FLL) instructions in Allen-Bradley PLCs and SLC500 controllers. The COP instruction copies data from a source location to a destination location, specifying the source, destination, and length. The FLL instruction fills a destination location with a source value, also specifying the source, destination, and length. Both instructions can copy/fill arrays and structures like timers but require care when filling status-containing structures. An example application uses COP and FLL to copy and configure a thermocouple module's input/output channels.
This document provides information about sequencers and the sequencer out (SQO) instruction used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It defines sequencers as being used to control repetitive and sequential operations, providing examples like dishwashers and packaging machines. It describes mechanical sequencers using cams and drum switches and how programmed sequencer control via a SQO instruction offers more flexibility. The SQO instruction is described in detail, including its parameters and functionality, how it can replace electromechanical switches, and how data is transferred sequentially from a file to outputs.
This document provides information on tag-based memory structures and naming conventions for tags in ControlLogix projects. It discusses:
- Tag-based memory uses friendly names (tags) to reference memory addresses.
- Tag names should describe the function and follow naming rules.
- Projects have a task-program-routine structure to organize code.
- Tags can be at the program or controller scope. I/O points are referenced using a standard address format.
- Common data types include BOOL, SINT, INT, DINT, and REAL.
This document discusses memory structure and addressing in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the different types of memory structures as address-based, tag-based, and a combination. It then focuses on Allen-Bradley SLC500 PLCs which use rack-based, address-based memory. The document explains how the PLC program memory stores ladder logic instructions and covers addressing schemes for input/output modules and internal memory types like bits, timers and counters. Input and output interactions with physical devices are demonstrated through examples.
This document provides information about Allen Bradley timers used in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It discusses different timer types including TON, TOF, and RTO timers. It describes the functionality and memory usage of timers and provides examples of how to program timer instructions and address timer status bits in Allen Bradley SLC-500, LogixPro, and ControlLogix platforms.
This document discusses basic logic concepts used in ladder logic programming including gates, latch/unlatch coils, and processor status files. It introduces binary concepts and how gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR make decisions. Examples of gate circuits are shown in electromechanical and PLC/PAC ladder diagrams. Latch and unlatch coils are used to control outputs and the first scan bit is identified as a useful processor status address.
Basic Data Manipulation (MOV and MVM) instructions with a focus on AB ControlLogix. Siemens and AB Creative Components Workbench are mentioned as IEC 61131-3 standard instructions
This document provides an introduction to chapter 3 on memory structure and organization in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses the three basic types of memory structures as address-based, tag-based, and a combination. The chapter will cover the memory structures of Allen-Bradley and Siemens PLCs. It also introduces the IEC 61131-3 standard, which aims to standardize PLC programming methods, and defines common data types like Boolean, integer, and floating point values.
This document provides information about sequencers and the sequencer out (SQO) instruction used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It defines sequencers as being used to control repetitive and sequential operations, providing examples like dishwashers and packaging machines. It describes mechanical sequencers using cams and drum switches and how programmed sequencer control via a SQO instruction offers more flexibility. The SQO instruction is described in detail, including its parameters and functionality, how it can replace electromechanical switches, and how data is transferred sequentially from a file to outputs.
This document provides information on tag-based memory structures and naming conventions for tags in ControlLogix projects. It discusses:
- Tag-based memory uses friendly names (tags) to reference memory addresses.
- Tag names should describe the function and follow naming rules.
- Projects have a task-program-routine structure to organize code.
- Tags can be at the program or controller scope. I/O points are referenced using a standard address format.
- Common data types include BOOL, SINT, INT, DINT, and REAL.
This document discusses memory structure and addressing in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the different types of memory structures as address-based, tag-based, and a combination. It then focuses on Allen-Bradley SLC500 PLCs which use rack-based, address-based memory. The document explains how the PLC program memory stores ladder logic instructions and covers addressing schemes for input/output modules and internal memory types like bits, timers and counters. Input and output interactions with physical devices are demonstrated through examples.
This document provides information about Allen Bradley timers used in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It discusses different timer types including TON, TOF, and RTO timers. It describes the functionality and memory usage of timers and provides examples of how to program timer instructions and address timer status bits in Allen Bradley SLC-500, LogixPro, and ControlLogix platforms.
This document discusses basic logic concepts used in ladder logic programming including gates, latch/unlatch coils, and processor status files. It introduces binary concepts and how gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR make decisions. Examples of gate circuits are shown in electromechanical and PLC/PAC ladder diagrams. Latch and unlatch coils are used to control outputs and the first scan bit is identified as a useful processor status address.
Basic Data Manipulation (MOV and MVM) instructions with a focus on AB ControlLogix. Siemens and AB Creative Components Workbench are mentioned as IEC 61131-3 standard instructions
This document provides an introduction to chapter 3 on memory structure and organization in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses the three basic types of memory structures as address-based, tag-based, and a combination. The chapter will cover the memory structures of Allen-Bradley and Siemens PLCs. It also introduces the IEC 61131-3 standard, which aims to standardize PLC programming methods, and defines common data types like Boolean, integer, and floating point values.
This document provides information about integer and floating point files in Allen-Bradley SLC-500 and LogixPro PLCs. It discusses:
- Default and user-defined file types for integers (N7) and floating point (F8) data.
- The integer file can store 256 16-bit words of integer data. The floating point file stores non-extended 32-bit numbers in two 16-bit words each.
- Examples of addressing integers (N7:0) and floating point (F8:4) values in these files.
This document discusses system programming and implementation. It begins by outlining steps for defining the control task and developing a control strategy, including thinking through the solution before programming. It then provides guidelines for programming, such as understanding the desired function, flowcharting the process, and assigning I/O addresses. The document outlines programming guidelines for new applications and modernizations. It stresses organizing the program and choosing the correct hardware and software. Flowcharting is described as a way to represent and communicate the operational process sequentially using standard symbols. Pseudo code is presented as an alternative to flowcharts.
The document discusses the design of an assembler. It begins by outlining the general design procedure, which includes specifying the problem, defining data structures like symbol tables and opcode tables, specifying data formats, and specifying algorithms. It then discusses the specific design of an assembler, including stating the problem, defining data structures like symbol tables and opcode tables, specifying table formats, and looking for modularity. Finally, it provides an example assembly language program and discusses how the assembler would process it using the defined data structures and tables during its first and second passes.
The document provides details about the architecture of SIC and SIC/XE machines. It describes the memory, registers, data formats, instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction set, and input/output for both machines. It also provides example programs to illustrate different instructions and addressing modes. Additionally, it explains CISC machines in general and provides details about the VAX and Pentium Pro architectures as examples of CISC instruction set architectures.
1. The document describes the general design procedure and data structure of an assembler program.
2. It outlines two passes of the assembler - pass 1 defines symbols and literals, pass 2 generates the object program.
3. The data structure includes tables for machine operations, pseudo operations, symbols, literals, and workspaces to hold instructions and output formatting. These tables are used and updated in both passes.
The document outlines the design of an assembler program which translates assembly language code into machine code. It describes a general two-pass process where the first pass defines symbols and literals and the second pass generates the object program. Specific details provided include the objectives of each pass, the data structures used like symbol tables, and an example program flow.
Assembler directives and basic steps ALP of 8086Urvashi Singh
The document discusses various assembler directives used in assembly language programming. It describes directives like DB, DW, DD, DQ, DT for data declaration; ASSUME to define logical segments; END, ENDP, ENDS to mark ends; EQU to define constants; PROC and ENDP to define procedures; ORG to set the location counter; SEGMENT to define logical segments; GROUP, INCLUDE, EVEN, and ALIGN for segment organization; EXTRN and PUBLIC for external references; and TYPE and PTR for defining variable types. The directives provide necessary information to the assembler to understand assembly language programs and generate machine code.
This document describes the basic functions of an assembler including translating mnemonic operation codes to machine language equivalents, assigning addresses to symbolic labels, and building properly formatted machine instructions. It provides examples of assembly language code and discusses machine-dependent features like instruction formats and addressing modes as well as machine-independent features such as literals, symbol definitions, and program structure.
Macros allow programmers to define abbreviations for sequences of instructions. A macro definition specifies the macro name and the sequence of instructions to be abbreviated. When a macro is called, it is expanded by replacing the macro name with the defined sequence of instructions. Macros can call other macros, requiring macro processors to handle nested macro expansion. Macro processors implement macros using a single or double pass approach to first save macro definitions and then expand macro calls by substituting argument values.
This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer processors. It describes three main types: memory reference instructions, register reference instructions, and input/output instructions. Memory reference instructions use bits to specify an operation code and memory address. Register reference instructions use bits to specify a register and operation. Input/output instructions use bits to specify an I/O operation. The document provides details on the bit patterns used to encode each type of instruction.
This document provides information about systems programming and assembly language concepts. It contains definitions of systems software and application programs. It also describes the basic components of a computer including the microprocessor, memory, I/O devices, and system bus. Finally, it explains concepts related to assembly language programming such as addressing modes, directives, and the control unit of the CPU.
The document discusses modular programming concepts in assembly language. It explains that large programming problems can be broken down into modules that are tested individually and then linked together. It outlines some issues that must be resolved for successful linking, such as data access permissions and external labels. The directives PUBLIC and EXTRN are described as ways to declare data, procedures, and labels that need to be accessed externally or are defined externally. The document provides examples of how to use these directives and assemble/link multiple modules into a single program.
This document discusses different addressing modes used in the 8051 microcontroller architecture, including immediate, direct, register, and indirect addressing modes. Immediate addressing encodes the data as part of the instruction itself. Direct addressing retrieves data directly from another memory location. Register addressing uses register names as part of the opcode. Indirect addressing provides flexibility by allowing the contents of a register to specify the memory location of the operand.
The document discusses the functions and design of assemblers. It describes how assemblers work in multiple passes to translate assembly language code into executable object code. The key functions of assemblers include translating mnemonics to machine code, resolving symbolic addresses, building proper instruction formats, and generating listing files and object code files. Assemblers use tables like the operation code table and symbol table to perform these translation and resolution functions.
This document provides a list of experiments to be conducted using microprocessors and microcontrollers for two cycles. The first cycle involves programs written for the 8086 assembler using TASM software. The second cycle involves programs written for the 8051 assembler using TOP VIEW SIMULATOR software for interfacing experiments. A total of minimum 10 programs must be conducted between the two cycles.
The document discusses the key concepts and tools used in assembly language programming for x86 processors using MASM. It covers reserved words, identifiers, registers, data types, statements, and the core development tools of editors, assemblers, linkers, locators, debuggers, and emulators. The document provides definitions and examples of these fundamental assembly language programming components.
This document discusses code generation in compilers. It covers:
- The code generator takes an intermediate representation and produces target code that is correct and efficient for the target machine.
- Symbol tables are used to track variable semantics, data types, scopes, and storage addresses. Common implementations are unordered lists and ordered linear lists.
- The target machine format can be absolute machine language, relocatable machine language, or assembly language. Memory management involves mapping names to runtime memory addresses.
- Basic blocks, control flow graphs, and structure-preserving transformations like common subexpression elimination are discussed for code optimization.
This document discusses various addressing modes in PLCs, including direct, indirect, indexed, and indexed indirect addressing. It provides examples of each addressing mode using SLC500 and ControlLogix PLCs. Indirect addressing allows data to be accessed using a reference address rather than a direct address. Indexed addressing uses a base address plus an offset value from an index register to calculate the final address. ControlLogix uses arrays instead of indexed addressing, where arrays can have one, two, or three dimensions to store multiple values of the same data type.
This document provides information about integer and floating point files in Allen-Bradley SLC-500 and LogixPro PLCs. It discusses:
- Default and user-defined file types for integers (N7) and floating point (F8) data.
- The integer file can store 256 16-bit words of integer data. The floating point file stores non-extended 32-bit numbers in two 16-bit words each.
- Examples of addressing integers (N7:0) and floating point (F8:4) values in these files.
This document discusses system programming and implementation. It begins by outlining steps for defining the control task and developing a control strategy, including thinking through the solution before programming. It then provides guidelines for programming, such as understanding the desired function, flowcharting the process, and assigning I/O addresses. The document outlines programming guidelines for new applications and modernizations. It stresses organizing the program and choosing the correct hardware and software. Flowcharting is described as a way to represent and communicate the operational process sequentially using standard symbols. Pseudo code is presented as an alternative to flowcharts.
The document discusses the design of an assembler. It begins by outlining the general design procedure, which includes specifying the problem, defining data structures like symbol tables and opcode tables, specifying data formats, and specifying algorithms. It then discusses the specific design of an assembler, including stating the problem, defining data structures like symbol tables and opcode tables, specifying table formats, and looking for modularity. Finally, it provides an example assembly language program and discusses how the assembler would process it using the defined data structures and tables during its first and second passes.
The document provides details about the architecture of SIC and SIC/XE machines. It describes the memory, registers, data formats, instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction set, and input/output for both machines. It also provides example programs to illustrate different instructions and addressing modes. Additionally, it explains CISC machines in general and provides details about the VAX and Pentium Pro architectures as examples of CISC instruction set architectures.
1. The document describes the general design procedure and data structure of an assembler program.
2. It outlines two passes of the assembler - pass 1 defines symbols and literals, pass 2 generates the object program.
3. The data structure includes tables for machine operations, pseudo operations, symbols, literals, and workspaces to hold instructions and output formatting. These tables are used and updated in both passes.
The document outlines the design of an assembler program which translates assembly language code into machine code. It describes a general two-pass process where the first pass defines symbols and literals and the second pass generates the object program. Specific details provided include the objectives of each pass, the data structures used like symbol tables, and an example program flow.
Assembler directives and basic steps ALP of 8086Urvashi Singh
The document discusses various assembler directives used in assembly language programming. It describes directives like DB, DW, DD, DQ, DT for data declaration; ASSUME to define logical segments; END, ENDP, ENDS to mark ends; EQU to define constants; PROC and ENDP to define procedures; ORG to set the location counter; SEGMENT to define logical segments; GROUP, INCLUDE, EVEN, and ALIGN for segment organization; EXTRN and PUBLIC for external references; and TYPE and PTR for defining variable types. The directives provide necessary information to the assembler to understand assembly language programs and generate machine code.
This document describes the basic functions of an assembler including translating mnemonic operation codes to machine language equivalents, assigning addresses to symbolic labels, and building properly formatted machine instructions. It provides examples of assembly language code and discusses machine-dependent features like instruction formats and addressing modes as well as machine-independent features such as literals, symbol definitions, and program structure.
Macros allow programmers to define abbreviations for sequences of instructions. A macro definition specifies the macro name and the sequence of instructions to be abbreviated. When a macro is called, it is expanded by replacing the macro name with the defined sequence of instructions. Macros can call other macros, requiring macro processors to handle nested macro expansion. Macro processors implement macros using a single or double pass approach to first save macro definitions and then expand macro calls by substituting argument values.
This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer processors. It describes three main types: memory reference instructions, register reference instructions, and input/output instructions. Memory reference instructions use bits to specify an operation code and memory address. Register reference instructions use bits to specify a register and operation. Input/output instructions use bits to specify an I/O operation. The document provides details on the bit patterns used to encode each type of instruction.
This document provides information about systems programming and assembly language concepts. It contains definitions of systems software and application programs. It also describes the basic components of a computer including the microprocessor, memory, I/O devices, and system bus. Finally, it explains concepts related to assembly language programming such as addressing modes, directives, and the control unit of the CPU.
The document discusses modular programming concepts in assembly language. It explains that large programming problems can be broken down into modules that are tested individually and then linked together. It outlines some issues that must be resolved for successful linking, such as data access permissions and external labels. The directives PUBLIC and EXTRN are described as ways to declare data, procedures, and labels that need to be accessed externally or are defined externally. The document provides examples of how to use these directives and assemble/link multiple modules into a single program.
This document discusses different addressing modes used in the 8051 microcontroller architecture, including immediate, direct, register, and indirect addressing modes. Immediate addressing encodes the data as part of the instruction itself. Direct addressing retrieves data directly from another memory location. Register addressing uses register names as part of the opcode. Indirect addressing provides flexibility by allowing the contents of a register to specify the memory location of the operand.
The document discusses the functions and design of assemblers. It describes how assemblers work in multiple passes to translate assembly language code into executable object code. The key functions of assemblers include translating mnemonics to machine code, resolving symbolic addresses, building proper instruction formats, and generating listing files and object code files. Assemblers use tables like the operation code table and symbol table to perform these translation and resolution functions.
This document provides a list of experiments to be conducted using microprocessors and microcontrollers for two cycles. The first cycle involves programs written for the 8086 assembler using TASM software. The second cycle involves programs written for the 8051 assembler using TOP VIEW SIMULATOR software for interfacing experiments. A total of minimum 10 programs must be conducted between the two cycles.
The document discusses the key concepts and tools used in assembly language programming for x86 processors using MASM. It covers reserved words, identifiers, registers, data types, statements, and the core development tools of editors, assemblers, linkers, locators, debuggers, and emulators. The document provides definitions and examples of these fundamental assembly language programming components.
This document discusses code generation in compilers. It covers:
- The code generator takes an intermediate representation and produces target code that is correct and efficient for the target machine.
- Symbol tables are used to track variable semantics, data types, scopes, and storage addresses. Common implementations are unordered lists and ordered linear lists.
- The target machine format can be absolute machine language, relocatable machine language, or assembly language. Memory management involves mapping names to runtime memory addresses.
- Basic blocks, control flow graphs, and structure-preserving transformations like common subexpression elimination are discussed for code optimization.
This document discusses various addressing modes in PLCs, including direct, indirect, indexed, and indexed indirect addressing. It provides examples of each addressing mode using SLC500 and ControlLogix PLCs. Indirect addressing allows data to be accessed using a reference address rather than a direct address. Indexed addressing uses a base address plus an offset value from an index register to calculate the final address. ControlLogix uses arrays instead of indexed addressing, where arrays can have one, two, or three dimensions to store multiple values of the same data type.
A linear function is an equation that graphs as a straight line, with the general form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. A linear equation can be offset by changing the b term, which shifts the line up or down but does not change its slope. The slope of the line can be changed by multiplying the x term by a different value for m. Graphing linear equations with different slopes and offsets demonstrates how varying the terms affects the resulting line.
Basics covering analog signals, PLC analog input modules, transducers/transmitters and the wiring of input transducers/transmitters to the PLC analog input module. Single ended and differential wiring are also discussed.
The document provides information on various types of input and output devices used in industrial control systems. It discusses binary, digital and analog I/O devices and provides examples. It also describes different types of mechanical switches, sensors, and solid state devices like diodes, transistors, SCRs and triacs. Additionally, it summarizes different photoelectric sensing techniques such as opposed, retroreflective, and proximity modes as well as concepts like effective beam, ambient light receivers and modulated light sources.
Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automotive Applications with ...Design World
This webinar discusses combining safety-critical automotive applications with non-critical convenience features on a single module or system-on-chip (SoC). It addresses challenges from increasing vehicle complexity and solutions such as consolidating electronic control units (ECUs) and using complex SoCs. Examples of integrating domains like infotainment, driver information, and advanced driver assistance systems are provided. Options for running AUTOSAR communication stacks on external microcontrollers, Linux, or internal processor cores are also examined.
This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and programmable automation controllers (PACs). It defines PLCs, PACs, and PC-based control systems. The advantages of PLC/PAC control systems are described, including increased reliability, flexibility, lower costs, communications capabilities, faster response time, and easier troubleshooting compared to electromechanical relay-based control. The document discusses PLC/PAC programming languages like relay ladder logic and the modular hardware components of PLC/PAC systems, including the rack/backplane, power supply, processor, I/O modules, and communications connections.
This document provides information about the G7F-ADHA A/D-D/A module for use with GM7 and MASTER-K80S PLCs. It can convert analog inputs like voltage and current to 12-bit digital values, and convert digital values to analog outputs. Specifications and characteristics of the analog input and output are provided. Examples show how to control an inverter's frequency using 0-10VDC or 4-20mA control signals from the module. Wiring diagrams, programming examples, and attached documents are included to help interface the module with an inverter. Frequently asked questions about the module and interfacing with an inverter are also listed.
This document contains lecture notes on electrical distribution system planning from Dr. A. Arunagiri. It discusses key topics in distribution system planning including factors affecting planning, traditional least cost modeling, demand side planning, the role of computers, and the impact of dispersed storage and generation. It provides examples of different sub-transmission system configurations and distribution system types. The document is divided into numbered pages for a lecture on electrical distribution technology.
1. The document discusses load characteristics that are important for determining power system requirements, planning plant capacity, and selecting generating unit sizes. It defines terms like demand, demand interval, load curves, and load duration curves.
2. Load curves show the load over time, while load duration curves rearrange the loads from highest to lowest. The total load is divided into base, intermediate, and peak loads.
3. The document also defines terms related to load factors like maximum demand, demand factor, average load, load factor, diversity factor, capacity factor, and plant use factor. It provides examples of calculating some of these factors.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
The document describes a ladder logic program for controlling a traffic light system. The system has two switches: one to run the system according to one of two modes (normal or flashing), and another to select the mode. In normal mode, lights are green for 5 seconds and red for 5 seconds, with 1 second for yellow. In flashing mode, lights flash on and off independently. The ladder logic program uses timers, switches, and coils to control the lights according to the two modes.
This document discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes common input devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and barcode reader which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer. It then explains key output devices such as computer monitors, printers in different types like dot matrix, inkjet and laser, plotters which produce drawings, and microfilm/microfiche which store large amounts of data on film.
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
The document discusses different addressing techniques in computer instruction sets, including immediate, direct, indirect, register, register indirect, displacement, and stack addressing. It describes how each addressing technique works, including diagrams to illustrate the addressing process. It also covers related topics like instruction formats, instruction length, allocation of bits in instructions, assemblers, and improvements to assembly languages.
The document discusses different types of loaders and their functions. It describes absolute loaders, bootstrap loaders, and relocating loaders. Relocating loaders allow for program relocation in memory, which supports efficient memory usage and use of subroutine libraries. Relocating loaders use modification records or relocation bits to specify which parts of code need modification during relocation. The document also discusses program linking, which resolves external references and definitions between object programs using define and refer records generated by the assembler.
1) Intermediate code is generated between the front-end and back-end of a compiler to make the compiler reusable for different target machines. It eliminates the need for a new full compiler for each machine.
2) Intermediate code representations include high-level IR close to the source language and low-level IR close to the target machine. Common representations are three-address code using quadruples, triples, or indirect triples.
3) Three-address code converts source instructions into a simple format of assigning values to variables or jumping based on conditions using at most two sources and one operator per instruction. This makes intermediate code easy to optimize and translate to machine code.
The document discusses network layer protocols and IPv4 specifically. It provides three key points:
1) IPv4 is the main network layer protocol in the Internet that provides "best effort" delivery of packets called datagrams from source to destination through various networks in a connectionless manner.
2) IPv4 packets, or datagrams, contain a header with fields that provide routing information and a payload section for data. The header fields include source and destination addresses, identification information, flags for fragmentation, and more.
3) IPv4 supports fragmentation of large datagrams into smaller pieces to accommodate the size constraints of different networks. The fragmentation process and header fields related to fragmentation are described.
In this presentation we will cover Subroutines and Flag variables of arm architecture. And also Information About ARM Architecture registers Flag variables and subroutines.
This document provides an overview of file input/output in C including opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It discusses sequential and random access of files. Key functions covered include fopen(), fclose(), fgets(), fputs(), fscanf(), fprintf(), fseek(), rewind(), and their usage. Examples and exercises are provided to demonstrate reading/writing contents, formatted and unformatted I/O, and random access in files.
C++ CoreHard Autumn 2018. Text Formatting For a Future Range-Based Standard L...corehard_by
This document discusses range-based text formatting and proposes replacing existing approaches with a range-based solution. It suggests representing text as ranges and using range algorithms and functions for concatenation and formatting. This would allow treating different string types uniformly and flexibly while avoiding issues with current formatting methods like iostream manipulation and format strings. The document provides examples of formatting numbers and dates as ranges and constructing containers like std::string from multiple ranges.
Overview of Language Processor : Fundamentals of LP , Symbol Table , Data Str...Bhavin Darji
Fundamentals of Language Processor
Analysis Phase
Synthesis Phase
Lexical Analysis
Syntax Analysis
Semantic Analysis
Intermediate Code Generation
Symbol Table
Criteria of Classification of Data Structure of Language Processing
Linear Data Structure
Non-linear Data Structure
Symbol Table Organization
Sequential Search Organization
Binary Search Organization
Hash Table Organization
Allocation Data Structure : Stacks and Heaps
Compiler chapter six .ppt course materialgadisaAdamu
The document discusses intermediate code generation in compilers. It explains that intermediate code serves as a bridge between the high-level source code and final machine code. It presents different types of intermediate representations like syntax trees and three-address code. Syntax trees abstract away details from parse trees while three-address code translates expressions into a linear representation using temporary variables. The document also provides examples and explanations of different data structures used to represent three-address code like quadruples and triples.
The document discusses various topics related to C programming language including data types in C, statements in C, the role of the preprocessor, ASCII character set, calculating volume and area of a sphere, reading and displaying student details, separating integral and fractional parts of a number, converting temperature between Fahrenheit and Celsius scales, operator precedence and associativity, and unary operators.
The chapter discusses inputting and managing data in MATLAB. It covers the MATLAB workspace, using script files to input data, displaying and saving output, and exchanging data with other programs. The key points are:
1) MATLAB stores variables in the workspace during a session and script files can access these variables. The workspace window allows viewing and editing variables.
2) Script files can input data by assigning values in the file, command window, or prompting the user.
3) The disp and fprintf commands display output, with fprintf offering more formatting control. Fprintf can write to files or the screen.
4) The save command saves workspace variables to a file, while load retrieves stored data
Introduction to Operating Systems - Part3Amir Payberah
The document discusses the structure and functions of operating systems. It describes how operating systems have two main spaces: user space for application programs and system space for the kernel. The kernel is responsible for core functions like process management, memory management, file systems, device control and security. System calls provide an interface for programs to access OS services, and are usually accessed through high-level APIs rather than direct calls. Common APIs include POSIX, Win32 and Java. Parameters are typically passed to system calls via registers, memory blocks or the stack. Major categories of system calls control processes, files, devices, system information and security.
Intermediate code can translate the source program into the machine program. Intermediate code is generated because the compiler can’t generate machine code directly in one pass. Therefore, first, it converts the source program into intermediate code, which performs efficient generation of machine code further. The intermediate code can be represented in the form of postfix notation, syntax tree, directed acyclic graph, three address codes, Quadruples, and triples.
Three address code
Three-address code is an intermediate code. It is used by the optimizing compilers.
In three-address code, the given expression is broken down into several separate instructions. These instructions can easily translate into assembly language.
Each Three address code instruction has at most three operands. It is a combination of assignment and a binary operator.
Three address code is used in compiler applications:
Optimization: Three address code is often used as an intermediate representation of code during optimization phases of the compilation process. The three address code allows the compiler to analyze the code and perform optimizations that can improve the performance of the generated code.
Code generation: Three address code can also be used as an intermediate representation of code during the code generation phase of the compilation process. The three address code allows the compiler to generate code that is specific to the target platform, while also ensuring that the generated code is correct and efficient.
Debugging: Three address code can be helpful in debugging the code generated by the compiler. Since three address code is a low-level language, it is often easier to read and understand than the final generated code.
Pattern-based Definition and Generation of Components for a Synchronous React...ijeukens
This document discusses a method for specifying components in a synchronous reactive actor-oriented language and automatically generating code from those specifications to guarantee the components are correct with respect to the language's semantics. The method enhances component interfaces with patterns of required input data that capture possible conditions for output generation. Algorithms are described for generating code from interfaces with patterns to ensure the code is consistent with the synchronous reactive semantics. A case study demonstrates the usefulness of the approach.
This document provides an overview of compiler construction. It discusses the instructor details, objectives, and today's lecture topics for a compiler construction course. The objectives are to study how compilers translate programs to assembly code. The lecture will cover what a compiler is, its main parts, how it works, programs that help compilers, and compiler phases. It focuses on lexical analysis, which converts source code to tokens, and the symbol table, which stores identifier information for analysis and synthesis phases.
The document discusses data formats and machine level programming on Intel processors. It describes how Intel uses words, double words, and quad words to refer to 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit data types. It also discusses common data types like integers, pointers, floating point numbers, and how they are stored. The document then covers general purpose registers, addressing modes, and instructions for data movement between registers and memory like MOV, PUSH, and POP.
This document discusses different addressing modes and instruction formats. It covers several addressing modes including immediate, direct, indirect, register, register indirect, displacement, stack, and relative addressing. It also discusses the instruction formats of different processors including PDP-8, PDP-10, PDP-11, VAX, Pentium, and PowerPC with details on opcode, operands, addressing modes, instruction length and allocation of bits.
The document provides an overview of the 8051 instruction set, including the various addressing modes and instruction types. It discusses the 8 addressing modes - register, direct, indirect, immediate, relative, absolute, long, and indexed. It also covers the 5 types of instructions - arithmetic operations, logical operations, data transfer, boolean variable operations, and program branching instructions. Examples are provided for many of the addressing modes and instruction types.
Comparison instructions, AB, Siemens and AB CCWJohn Todora
Presentation on the operation of the AB ControlLogix comparison instructions. Included is the basics of the Siemens S7-1200 comparison instructions and the AB Creative Components Workbench (CCW) comparison instdructions.
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Subroutines are groups of program code that perform specific tasks and can be called from the main routine or other subroutines. They make programs more manageable by breaking them up into smaller tasks. The JSR instruction calls a subroutine, the SBR marks the start of a subroutine, and the RET returns from a subroutine. Parameters can be passed between routines but are not covered in this course. Subroutines improve readability and maintainability and can be reused in other programs.
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Cascade control involves a control loop within a control loop. It uses a secondary feedback loop to monitor a process variable that affects the primary process variable being controlled. This helps the primary controller respond to disturbances more quickly before they impact the primary process variable. Examples given include using air temperature to control room temperature more quickly, and using feed flow rate to control liquid level in a tank before pressure changes affect the level.
The document discusses timers in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It covers different timer instructions for Allen-Bradley and Siemens PLCs including TON, TOF, and RTO timers. It describes the parameters, status bits, and functionality of TON and TOF timers. It also provides examples of how timers can be used to implement circuits for oscillation, startup warnings, and sequential startup. The maximum timing period of a PLC timer is also summarized.
Loop diagrams are schematic representations of instrumentation and control circuits used in process control systems. They show all electrical, pneumatic and physical connections for a loop including signal, power and utility connections. Key elements shown are field devices, control panels, junction boxes and terminal identification. Instrument action (direct or reverse) and energy supplies such as air, power and hydraulic are also identified. Guidelines specify that one loop should be depicted per drawing and that standard symbols are used to represent components and connections.
Chapter 06 - Instrumentation Control Systems Documentation by Frederick A. and Clifford A. Meier. An ISA Publication. This is Rev. 02. It is my own personal opinion that the A. Meier textbook does a horrible job with the Binary Logic Systems and I have therefore supplemented the chapter with other information.
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This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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2. Data Handling Instructions and Shift Registers
Section 10-3-6 Copy and Fill Instructions
ControlLogix (The textbook is for reference only
and covers the instructions in SLC500 format)
Chapter 10
3. 3
The Copy File (COP) instruction is an
output instruction that copies data from
one memory location to another.
Executes when the rung containing the
instruction is true and can be conditional
or unconditional.
The COP instruction has 3-instruction
parameters:
Source
Destination
Length
Copy File (COP)
4. 4
Source
A word level tag that contains the data to be
copied.
Must be an array with at least one word; ex.
ArrayName[0]. (ArrayName[x], where ‘x’ is the
starting element of the array).
The word level tag with array element
reference is the starting word of the array to
be copied.
Data type of SINT, INT, DINT, REAL or
Structure.
COP Instruction
Parameters (1 of 3)
5. 5
Destination
A word level tag with array element reference
that is the starting word of the array to which
the Source data is to be copied.
Must be an array with at least the same number
of elements as the array referenced in the
Source; ex. ArrayDest[0].
The instruction will overwrite any data that is
already stored in the Destination without
notification.
Data type of SINT, INT, DINT, REAL or
Structure.
COP Instruction
Parameters (2 of 3)
6. 6
Length
Can be a tag of type DINT or a program
constant that specifies the number of elements
or words to be copied.
Test to insure that the length will not exceed
the number of array elements referenced in
the destination to avoid runtime errors and
processor faults.
COP Instruction
Parameters (3 of 3)
7. 7
The COP instruction has no instruction
tags or status bits. If status is required,
status must be supplied by the user.
The value referenced in the Length
parameter determines the number of
words to be copied. This instruction will
fault the processor if the number of
elements copied exceeds the length of the
Source or Destination array.
COP Status Bits
8. COP Single Word per
Array Element Dest
Because the
Destination address
is a data file that
consists of one
word array
elements, for each
array element in the
Source, one word
will be copied to the
array elements
referenced in the
Destination.
9. COP Structure
Destination
Because the
Destination address is
a data structure
consisting of three
words, for each array
element referenced in
the Source, three
words will be copied
to the array structure
referenced in the
Destination.
Length * 3 words.
Unpredictable operation can occur because the
status bits will be affected and the lower byte
of word 0 (being used by AB for some
purpose) will be affected.
10. 10
The File Fill (FLL) instruction is an output
instruction that fills data from a word level tag or
program constant referenced in the Source
parameter to the array referenced in the
Destination.
Executes when the rung containing the instruction
is true and can be conditional or unconditional.
The FLL instruction has 3-instruction parameters:
Source
Destination
Length
File Fill (FLL)
11. 11
Source
Can be a word level tag or program constant.
When a tag, the tag is not an array because
only the value stored in the word is filled to
the destination.
FLL Instruction
Parameters (1 of 3)
12. 12
Destination
A word level array that references the starting
word of the array to which the Source data is
to be filled.
Must be an array with a length of at least one
element.
The instruction will overwrite any data that is
already stored in the Destination without
notification.
FLL Instruction
Parameters (2 of 3)
13. 13
Length
Must be a program constant that specifies the
number of array elements to be filled.
If the Destination data type is 1-word
elements the length range can be 1 to the
upper array bounds.
If the Destination file type is a structure such
as Timers or Counters, the number of array
elements filled is Length * the number of
words in the structure.
The length value should be tested to insure
that it will not exceed the upper array bound.
FLL Instruction
Parameters (3 of 3)
14. 14
The FLL instruction has no instruction tag
or status bits. If status is required, status
must be supplied by the user.
The value referenced in the Length
parameter determines the number of
words to be filled. This instruction will
fault the processor if the number of
elements filled exceeds the length of the
Destination array.
FLL Status Bits
15. FLL Single Word per
Array Element Dest
The array,
whose starting
element is
referenced in
the Destination
will be filled for
the number of
elements
referenced in
the Length,
with the data
stored in the
Source.
16. 16
Filling a structure such as timers and
counters should be done with extreme
care. Unpredictable operation can occur
because the status bits will be affected
and the lower byte of word 0 (being used
by AB for some purpose) will be affected.
FLL Array of Structure
Dest (1 of 2)
17. 17
The example shown on the next slide will fill
five timer structures starting at TimerArray[0]
with the value stored in the Source tag
FLL_Source_Tag:
TimerArray[0].0 (the status bit word) =
FLL_Source_Tag
TimerArray[0].PRE = FLL_Source_Tag
TimerArray[0].ACC = FLL_Source_Tag
Through
TimerArray[4].0 (the status bit word) =
FLL_Source_Tag
TimerArray[4].PRE = FLL_Source_Tag
TimerArray[4].ACC = FLL_Source_Tag
FLL Array of Structure
Dest (2 of 2)
20. Recipe Application
This example copies 1-of-4 user
selected recipes to the batch
parameters of a batch process.
The COP instruction shown will copy
the content of 4-words from a two-
dimensional array referenced in the
source, to a one-dimensional array in
the destination. (The COP will be
discussed in the next unit).
The source tag is referencing a two-
dimensional array:
Recipe[RecipeNumber, 0]. Note that
the first dimension of the array is a
tag. This tag stores the value of the
recipe number selected by a user and
is used to point to 1-of-4 of the
recipes.
If the user selects recipe number 2, the
data stored in Recipe[2,0],
Recipe[2,1], Recipe[2,2] and
Recipe[2,3] will be copied to:
BatchRecipe[0] through BatchRecipe[3]
respectively.
0
1
2
3
22. Data Handling Instructions and Shift Registers
Section 10-3-6 Copy and Fill Instructions
SLC500, (LogixPro does not support Copy and
Fill Instructions).
Chapter 10
23. 23
The Copy File (COP) instruction is an
output instruction that copies data from
one memory location to another.
Executes when the rung containing the
instruction is true and can be conditional
or unconditional.
The COP instruction has 3-instruction
parameters:
Source
Destination
Length
Copy File (COP)
24. 24
Source
A word level address that contains the data to
be copied.
Must be an indexed word level address
because a file or block of data is being copied.
Therefore, the index indicator (#) must be
used when entering the address.
The word level address is the starting word of
the file to be copied.
Floating Point (F8) and String (ST) values are
supported for those processor types that are
capable of these data types.
COP Instruction
Parameters (1 of 3)
25. 25
Destination
A word level address that is the starting word of
the file to which the Source data is to be copied.
Must be an indexed word level address because
a file or block of data is being copied. Therefore,
the index indicator (#) must be used when
entering the address.
The instruction will overwrite any data that is
already stored in the Destination without issuing
a warning.
Floating Point (F8) and String (ST) values are
supported for those processor types that are
capable of these data types.
COP Instruction
Parameters (2 of 3)
26. 26
Length
Must be a program constant that specifies the
number of elements or words to be copied.
If the Destination file type is 1-word elements
the length range is 1 to 128 inclusive.
If the Destination file type is a 3-word element
such as Timers or Counters, the length range
is 1 to 42 inclusive.
The length value is written to S:24 when the
instruction executes.
COP Instruction
Parameters (3 of 3)
27. 27
The COP instruction has no instruction
address or status bits. If status is
required, status must be supplied by the
user.
COP Status Bits
28. 28
This instruction will not copy across file
boundaries. The value referenced in the
Length parameter determines the number
of words to be copied. Insure that the
starting address referenced in the Source
parameter will not exceed the file
boundary of the Destination based upon
the value entered in for the Length.
If an attempt is made to cross file
boundaries is made, and error will occur
and the processor will fault.
COP Crossing File
Boundaries
29. COP Single Word
Destination
Because the
Destination address
is a data file that
consists of one
word elements, for
each word in the file
referenced in the
Source, one word
will be copied to the
file referenced in
the Destination.
30. COP Structure
Destination
Because the
Destination address is
a data file that
consists of three word
elements, for each
word in the file
referenced in the
Source, three words
will be copied to the
file referenced in the
Destination.
Length * 3 words.
Unpredictable operation can occur because the
status bits will be affected and the lower byte
of word 0 (being used by AB for some
purpose) will be affected.
31. 31
The File Fill (FLL) instruction is an output
instruction that fills data from a word level address
or program constant referenced in the Source
parameter to the indexed address referenced in the
Destination.
Executes when the rung containing the instruction
is true and can be conditional or unconditional.
The FLL instruction has 3-instruction parameters:
Source
Destination
Length
File Fill – (FLL)
32. 32
Source
Can be a word level address or program
constant.
Is not an indexed word level address because
only the value stored in the word is filled to
the destination. Therefore, the index indicator
(#) is not required.
Floating Point (F8) and String (ST) values are
supported for those processor types that are
capable of these data types.
FLL Instruction
Parameters (1 of 3)
33. 33
Destination
A word level address that is the starting word of
the file to which the Source data is to be filled.
Must be an indexed word level address because
a file or block of data is being filled. Therefore,
the index indicator (#) must be used when
entering the address.
The instruction will overwrite any data that is
already stored in the Destination without issuing
a warning.
Floating Point (F8) and String (ST) values are
supported for those processor types that are
capable of these data types.
FLL Instruction
Parameters (2 of 3)
34. 34
Length
Must be a program constant that specifies the
number of elements or words to be filled.
If the Destination file type is 1-word elements
the length range is 1 to 128 inclusive.
If the Destination file type is a 3-word element
such as Timers or Counters, the length range
is 1 to 42 inclusive.
The length value is written to S:24 when the
instruction executes.
FLL Instruction
Parameters
35. 35
The FLL instruction has no instruction
address or status bits. If status is
required, status must be supplied by the
user.
FLL Status Bits
36. 36
This instruction will not fill across file
boundaries. The value referenced in the
Length parameter determines the number
of words to be filled. Insure that the value
referenced in the Length parameter will
not make the filled data exceed the file
boundary.
If an attempt is made to cross file
boundaries is made, and error will occur
and the processor will fault.
FLL Crossing File
Boundaries
37. FLL Single Word
Destination
The file, whose
starting word is
referenced in the
Destination will be
filled for the
number of words
referenced in the
Length, with the
data stored in the
Source.
38. 38
Filling a file whose destination address is a 3-word
structure such as timers and counters should be
done with extreme care. Unpredictable operation
can occur because the status bits will be affected
and the lower byte of word 0 (being used by AB
for some purpose) will be affected.
The example shown on the next slide is being used
as an FYI only to show functionality of the FLL
instruction. It will fill six counter words starting at
C5:4 with the constant 5319 as follows:
C5:4.0 (the status bit word) = 5319
C5:4.PRE = 5319
C5:4.ACC = 5319
FLL Structure
Destination
40. 40
Allen Bradley makes a module that accepts
4-thermocouples (T/C), (1746-NT4).
Assume this module is placed in slot-6.
The NT4 module has 4-input channels and
4-output channels. The input channels is
the T/C data and the output channels are
the module configuration channels.
FLL Application
41. 41
The module must be configured before
use. The configuration word configures:
The T/C type
Data in engineering units
Open circuit response
Temperature units (C or F)
Filter frequency
Channels enabled
FLL Application
(SLC500)